JPS5944012B2 - Agricultural covering materials and cultivation methods using them - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for cultivating Kirari, and more particularly to a method for cultivating Kirari, which involves promoting the growth of Kirari while inhibiting the propagation of pathogenic bacteria to Kirari.

There has long been a close relationship between plant growth and the wavelength of irradiated light, especially ultraviolet light, and various studies have been conducted on cultivating plants using light quality, and many agricultural films have been proposed for this purpose. There is.

In addition, recently, certain plant pathogenic bacteria, such as rice blast fungus and sesame leaf blight fungus, which cause rice to wither; Growth of fungi such as Sclerotinia fungi that occur on various vegetables such as fruit vegetables, leafy vegetables, and root vegetables; Sclerotinia fungi such as Bol-IJ Teis, Anthracnose, Vine blight, Black mold, and Spot fungi, and the wavelength of ultraviolet rays. It was found that there is a close relationship between

In order to study the growth of Kirari and the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and irradiation light, the present inventors prototyped an agricultural covering material that can block various types of ultraviolet rays, and investigated the relationship between the coating material and the growth and disease of Kirari. As a result of observing the status of bacterial growth, it was found that it substantially blocks the transmission of light with a wavelength of 380 nm or less, but does not completely block the transmission of light with a wavelength of 400 nm, and does not completely block the transmission of light with a wavelength of 420 nm or more. It has been found that a covering material made of an inorganic or organic film or plate that transmits at least 65% of light of wavelengths can completely inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria on chirari and significantly promote the growth of these useful plants. , we have arrived at the present invention.

Thus, according to the present invention, chirality substantially prevents the transmission of light at wavelengths below 380 nm, but at wavelengths below 400 nm.
Transmission of light with a wavelength of 420 nm is not completely blocked and
The growth of Kirari is promoted while preventing the propagation of disease-causing bacteria by growing it under an agricultural covering material consisting of an inorganic or organic film or board that can transmit at least 65% of light with a wavelength of nm or more. A method for cultivating Kirari is provided.

Agricultural coverings of the present invention substantially block light at wavelengths below 380 nm, but do not completely block the transmission of light at wavelengths of 400 nm, and block at least 65% of light at wavelengths above 420 nm. It is extremely unique in that it transmits more than 38% of light, and by using a coating material with such light transmission characteristics,
It has remarkable advantages that could not be achieved with conventionally known agricultural covering materials, such as transmitting a certain amount of light with a wavelength of 0 nm or less or blocking 40% or more of light with a wavelength of 420 nm or more, such as glaring. It is possible to substantially completely prevent the propagation of plant pathogenic bacteria, and the growth of Kirari can be significantly promoted, resulting in higher yields. This will greatly contribute to the development of the world.

In this specification, [substantially blocking transmission of light with a wavelength of 380 nm or less] does not mean completely blocking 100% of light with a wavelength of 380 nm or less; %, preferably 1% or less.

Therefore, a particularly suitable coating material in the present invention is 380
Substantially completely, preferably 99% or more, more preferably almost 100% blocking the transmission of light with a wavelength of nm or less,
More desirably, it also blocks the transmission of light with a wavelength between 380 and 390 nm by 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, and blocks the transmission of light with a wavelength of 420 nm or more by at least 65%, preferably 70% or more. In particular, it is preferably made of an inorganic or organic film or plate having a transmittance of 80% or more, and when the curve of the light wavelength (horizontal axis) versus light transmittance (vertical axis) of the film or plate is drawn. A film or plate having good weather resistance and exhibiting light transmittance characteristics such that the curve rises as vertically as possible in the light wavelength range of 380 nm to 420 nm is particularly suitable.

The inorganic or organic film or plate constituting the coating material of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned light blocking and transmitting properties, and any material can be used, such as an inorganic film. Or as a board,
Typical examples include glass plates blended with dyes or pigments (e.g. emerald green), glass plates coated or laminated with synthetic resin films containing ultraviolet absorbers shown below, and organic films or As the plate, a synthetic resin film or plate containing an ultraviolet absorber is particularly suitable.

In the present invention, the latter synthetic resin film or plate containing an ultraviolet absorber is particularly suitable, and the present invention will be described in more detail below with respect to this synthetic resin film or plate.

The synthetic resin material constituting the synthetic resin film or plate of the present invention generally includes film-forming thermoplastic synthetic resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, polyamide, polymethyl methacrylate, Polyacrylate, vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, or copolymers or blends mainly composed of these polymers, etc. are included, and in particular, for reasons such as light resistance, light transmittance, and strength,
Polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene are preferred, especially
Polyvinyl chloride is suitable.

The synthetic resin film or plate of the present invention may also contain various conventional resin additives, such as plasticizer lubricants, heat stabilizers, antistatic agents, drip-proofing agents, pigments, dyes, etc., if necessary.

For example, in the case of a flexible polyvinyl chloride resin film that can be particularly preferably used in the present invention, the degree of polymerization is generally i.
, ooo to 1.800, preferably 1,300 to 1,5
Approximately 30 to 60 parts of a liquid plasticizer may be added to 100 parts by weight of the 00 vinyl chloride resin.

Preferred liquid plasticizers include phthalic acid derivatives such as di-n-octyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, cyhentylphthalate, diisodecyl tucrate, didodecyl phthalate, and didodecyl phthalate; diisooctyl isophthalate, etc. isophthalic acid derivatives; adipic acid derivatives such as di-n-butyl adipate and dioctyl adipate; maleic acid derivatives such as di-n-butyl maleate; citric acid derivatives such as -butyl citrate; and itaconic acid such as monobutyl icconate. Derivatives; Oleic acid derivatives such as butyl oleate; Ricinoleic acid derivatives such as glyceryl monolysyllate; Others include tricresyl phosphate, epoxidized soybean oil, epoxy resin plasticizers, etc., with dioctyl phthalate and tricresyl being particularly preferred. Examples include phosphate, dioctyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, epoxidized soybean oil, and the like.

Further, examples of lubricants and heat stabilizers that can be included in the film of the present invention include polyethylene wax, liquid paraffin, stearic acid, zinc stearate, fatty alcohol, calcium stearate, barium stearate,
Barium ricinoleate, dibutyltin dilaurate,
Examples of antistatic agents and drip-proofing agents include nonionic activators and polyoxyethylene glycerin monostearate. Examples of pigments and dyes include titanium oxide, zinc, and calcium carbonate. , precipitated silica, carbon black, Hansa Yellow, Fuclocyanine Blue, Phthalocyanine Green, and the like.

These resin additives are used in conventional amounts, eg, generally 5% by weight or less based on the total weight of the film.

On the other hand, the UV absorber that can be blended into these synthetic resins should be appropriately selected from a wide range of types, taking into consideration the UV absorbing ability of the UV absorber and its compatibility with the synthetic resin used. can.

Examples of usable ultraviolet absorbers include the following.

(a) Hydroquinone series - hydroquinone, hydroquinone disalicylate (b) Salicylic acid series - phenyl salicylate, paraoctylphenyl salicylate (C) Benzophenone series - 2-hydroxy-4-
Methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-〇-
Octoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy -4-benzoyloxybenzophenone, 2゜2'
-Hydroxy-methoxybenzaphenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfonebenzophenone,
2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 232'-dihydroxy-4,4'dimethoxy-
5-sodium sulfobenzophenone, 4-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzophenone (d) Benzotriazole-2-(2'-hydroxy-57-methylphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-57-methylphenyl)-
5--i toxycarbonylbenzo l-IJ azole, 2
-(2'-hydroxy-57-methylphenyl)-5
, 6-cyclobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-57-methylphenyl)-5-ethylsulfonebenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-57-methylphenyl)
'-tert-butylphenyl)-5-bensotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-ter
t-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'
-Hydroxy-57-amylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'.

5'-dimethylphenyl)penztriazole, 2-(
2'-hydroxy-31,5/-dimethylphenyl)
-5-methoxybenzotriazole, 2-(2'-methyl-47-hyNoxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(2'-stearyloxy-3',5'-dimethylphenyl)-5-methylbenzotriazole, 2-(2
'-Hydroxy-5-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)
Penztriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy3'
-Methyl-5'-ter t-butylphenyl)penztriazole, 2-(2'--hydroxy-3', 5
'-di-tert-jtylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-57-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-57-phenylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzo Triazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-57-cyclohexylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2
'-Hydroxy-5-cyclohexylphenyl)penzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5-cyclohexylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'
-Hydroxy-4',5'-dimethylphenyl)-5
-butoxycarbonylbenzotriazole, 2-(2'
-hydroxy-3/, 5/-dichlorophenyl)
Benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'
, 5'-dichlorophenyl)benzotriazole, 2-
(2'-Hydroxy-3',5'-dimethylphenyl)-5-ethylsulfonebenzotriazole, 2-(2
'-hydroxy-57-phenylphenyl)penztriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy5'-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylbenzotriazole, 2-(
2'-Hydroxy-57-methylphenyl)-5-ethoxycarbonylbenzotriazole, 2-(2'-acetoxyl5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-y, 57-diter t-
butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole.

Among these ultraviolet absorbers, those of the penzohenone type and benzo I-1) azur type are suitable, and among the benzophenone type, 2,2'-dihydroxy 4,4
'-Dimethoxybenzophenone, 2゜2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 2,2',4,
4'-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone; benzotriazole types include 2-(2'-hydroxy-57-methylphenyl)penztriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-57-methylphenyl)-5,6-cyclobensotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-
tert-butylphenyl)benzl-IJ azole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-37-methyl-5't
ert-butylphenyl)penztriazole, 2-(
2'-hydroxy-3/, 57-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole and 2-(2'-hydroxy-57-phenylphenyl)
-5-chlorobenzo l-IJ azole is effective.

Particularly suitable ultraviolet absorbers are benzotriazole derivatives of the formula: [wherein R1 represents a branched alkyl group, R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group, and X represents a halogen atom] It is.

In the above formula (I) & here, a branched alkyl group (R1
) can have at least one secondary or tertiary carbon atom, generally up to 8 carbon atoms;
More preferred are lower carbon atoms having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

Such branched alkyl i groups include, for example: etc., with tert-butyl being particularly preferred.

In addition, the linear or branched alkyl group (R2) generally has up to 8 carbon atoms, especially one having 1 carbon atom.
~5 lower ones are included, examples of straight chain alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, etc., and examples of branched chain alkyl groups include those mentioned above for R1. Things can be mentioned.

Among these, methyl and tert-butyl groups are preferred.

Further, as the halogen atom (2), a chlorine atom is most preferable.

Thus, the ultraviolet absorber that can be most preferably used in the present invention has the following formula [wherein R1' represents a branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and R2' represents a branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms] 8 linear or branched alkyl groups] is a benzo t-IJ azole derivative.

Examples of the benzotriazole derivatives of the formulas 〇) and (II) that can be used in the present invention are as follows.

2-(2'-hydroxy-y,5'-diisopropylphenyl)-5-chloropenttriazole, 2-(2'
-Hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chloropenttriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-37,5/-diisobutylphenyl)-5-
Chloropenttriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-
3',5'-diisoamylphenyl)-5-chloropenttriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'
-ditert-amylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-37-isopropyl-5-fumethylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-37 2-(2'-Hydroxy-37-isoprobyl-5-fuoctylphenyl)-5-chlorobenztriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-37-inbutyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,2-(2'-hydroxy-37-isobutyl-5'-probylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,2-(2'-hydroxy-37-isobutyl-5'-amylphenyl)-5-chloropenttriazole,2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloropenttriazole , 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5
'-1'sopropylphenyl)-5-10 lobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5
'-amylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-ynoctylphenyl)-5-10lopenzotriazole, 2-(2 '-Hydroxy-37-isoamyl-5-fumethylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole.

2-(2'-Hydroxy-37-ynamyl-5'-monophylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-37-ynamyl-5'-t
ert-amylphenyl)-5-/yloropensotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-amyl-5
'~methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t er t~ruamyl5'-inphthylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy- 3'-tert-amyl-5
'-isoamylphenyl)-5-10 lobensotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-37-isohexyl-57-
methylphenyl)-5-chloropenttriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-37-neohebutyl-57-
methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-37-ynoctyl-57-
Nitylphenyl)-5-chloropenttriazole.

Among these ultraviolet absorbers, particularly preferred ones are 2 to (
2'-Hydroxy-3',57-di-tert-butyl-
phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, and 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole.

The amount of the ultraviolet absorber added to the synthetic resin is not strict and can vary widely depending on the material and thickness of the film or board, but generally it can be present in the synthetic resin constituting the film or board. The amount may range from 0.2 parts by weight to 3 parts by weight, preferably from 0.2 parts by weight to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount including the plasticizer.

In particular, the benzotriazole derivatives of formula (I) or (It) have remarkable ultraviolet absorption ability even when used in a relatively small amount, and have excellent persistence and stability against light exposure, extraction resistance, etc. Because it has characteristics such as less tendency to react with metal salts etc. commonly used as additives,
Generally, the amount is 0.9 parts by weight or more and less than 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.95 parts by weight to 25 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the synthetic resin constituting the film and the plasticizer that may be present. A sufficiently excellent ultraviolet shielding effect can be obtained by using a relatively small amount, preferably in the range of 1 part by weight to 1.5 parts by weight.

However, the amount of the ultraviolet absorber cannot be determined independently and must be changed depending on the thickness of the film or plate.

In the film or plate of the present invention, it is desirable that the following relational expression be established between the blending amount (content) of the ultraviolet absorber and the thickness of the film or plate: 100≦AXB≦600, preferably 100 ≦AXB≦400; 0.2≦A≦30, preferably 0.2≦A≦2.5 [In the above formula, A is the sum of the synthetic resin constituting the film or plate and any plasticizer present. B represents the weight part of the benzotriazole derivative contained in the film or board based on 100 parts by weight, and B represents the thickness of the synthetic resin film or board].

The thickness B) of the synthetic resin film or plate can vary within a wide range depending on its use, but is generally between 20 and 20 mm.
5000μ, preferably 20-500μ for film
can be in the range of

The film or plate of the present invention can be easily produced using various methods known per se, such as melt extrusion, solution casting, and calendering.

Further, the film of the present invention may be used by being laminated on other synthetic resin films or plates, glass, etc., for reinforcement purposes, etc., if necessary.

The above continuous agricultural covering material can be used as a covering material in tunnels, pipe houses, greenhouses, etc. when cultivating Kirari according to the present invention.
Cultivating Kirari under a coating of a conventional agricultural film that transmits light at a wavelength of 0 nm and below to a significant extent, or a colored film that significantly (more than 35%) blocks the transmission of light at a wavelength of 420 nm. However, when cultivating Kirari under the coating with the above-mentioned specific covering material according to the present invention, the growth of Kirari is significantly promoted. Found out.

Furthermore, when covered with a conventionally known agricultural film that transmits light with a wavelength of 380 nm to a considerable extent, pathogenic bacteria such as Sclerotinia bacterium, Botrytis bacterium, anthracnose bacterium, and Vine blight bacterium, etc. However, it has been found that the method of the present invention has extremely excellent performance in that the propagation of these pathogenic bacteria can be substantially inhibited.

The coating material of the present invention can be used in exactly the same way as coating materials conventionally used in conventional greenhouse horticulture, greenhouse cultivation, seedling raising, etc.

For example, when cultivating Kirari in a tunnel, in a greenhouse, or in a greenhouse, the tunnel skeleton, the pipe structure of the greenhouse, or the greenhouse can be almost completely covered with the coating material.

Cultivation of Kirari under the covering with the covering material can be carried out in exactly the same manner as the conventional facility cultivation method (tunnel or greenhouse cultivation), and there is no need to take any special precautions.

However, as described above, under coating with the coating material of the present invention, the propagation of the disease-causing bacteria can be inhibited, so agricultural use can be reduced or avoided.

By using the method of the present invention, as shown in the examples below, it is possible to significantly promote the growth of young Kirari seedlings or at each growth stage, and the propagation of the above-mentioned disease-causing bacteria that are likely to occur or propagate in Kirari. can be substantially prevented.

Next, the present invention will be further explained by reference examples and examples.

Reference example 67 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride (P-1300), 25 parts by weight of dioctyl phthalate (plasticizer), 5 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate (plasticizer), 3 parts by weight of epoxidized soybean oil (plasticizer), ricinoleic acid Barium (stabilizer) 0.8
parts by weight, zinc stearate (stabilizer) 0.5 parts by weight, diptyltin malate (stabilizer) 0.3 parts by weight, sorbitan monostearate (surfactant) 1.3 parts by weight, sorbitan monopalmitate (interface) Activator) 0.6 parts by weight and the amount (parts by weight based on the total amount of polyvinyl chloride and plasticizer of 100 parts by weight) and types of UV absorbers shown in Table 1 below were mixed, and the mixture was heated to 20 parts by weight using an extruder.
Films A to F shown in Table 1 below were prepared by melt extrusion at 0°C.

The wavelength-specific light transmission curves of each of the obtained films are shown in the attached drawings.

Next, a Kirari growth test was conducted using the film prepared in the above reference example.

This is shown below as an example.

Example: Cucumber growth test On June 30th, cucumber seeds (variety: Tokiwa Hikari No. 3 A)
Type) was sown 3 seeds each in pots with a diameter of 10 CrrL and a depth of 12 cfrL, and 10 days after germination, one seedling was left and the others were removed.
Seedlings with 3.5 to 4 leaves were obtained.

Pipe house (frontage 5.4771, depth 14m, height z
, 6 m) with 5 furrows (height 20 crrL, width 1.577 L)
, 2.5 m long), cover its surface with silver-white mulch film (silver-white polyethylene film, 30μ), and
On September 19th, the above cucumber seedlings were planted in the rice fields at a spacing of 60 CIfL.

Only compost was used as fertilizer during the seedling-raising period, with a volume ratio of soil:compost of 4:6, and during the growing period, fertilizer was applied as shown in Table 2 above.

The pipe house was covered with a vinyl chloride film (0.1 m 1 m) with UV and visible light transmittance of 90%, and each ridge (test area) inside the house was covered with films A-F prepared in the above reference example. Then each was hermetically sealed.

The temperature inside the pipe house was controlled at 27°C using a ventilation fan, but when the temperature rose further, water was sprinkled from the top of the house roof.

In each test, temperature-controlled air was constantly blown through a 2-inch diameter vinyl chloride pipe so that the temperature within the test area did not exceed 28°C.

Irrigation was performed once a day with an amount of approximately 500 ml per plant.

Table 4 below shows the growth status of cucumbers up to August 10th.

As is clear from the results in Table 2, the growth of cucumbers grown under the coating of Film A of the present invention is promoted compared to other cases, and there is no occurrence of disease or disease.

In addition, each test item in the above growth test results has the following meaning.

Plant height The length from the above-ground part of the two crops to the top.

Stem diameter: Stem diameter at the base and the thickest part of the fifth leaf.

Number of leaves The number of leaves on a tree excluding dicotyledons.

Leaf length: Cumulative total leaf length per plant excluding the petiole (average of 4 plants).

Medium leaf: Cumulative total length of the widest part of the leaf width per plant (
4 stocks average).

Petiole: Cumulative length of stalk per plant from stem to leaf blade (average of 4 plants).

Living weight: Fresh weight after digging up the entire plant including its roots and removing soil.

Dry product: weight of the entire plant after drying at 105°C for 16 hours.

Dry weight dry matter ratio knee

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings are diagrams of wavelength-specific light transmission curves of each film prepared in reference examples.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Chirality substantially blocks the transmission of light with a wavelength of 380 nm or less, but does not completely block the transmission of light with a wavelength of 400 nm or more, and does not completely block the transmission of light with a wavelength of 420 nm or more. It is characterized by promoting the growth of Kirari while inhibiting the propagation of disease-causing bacteria by growing it under an agricultural covering material consisting of an organic or inorganic film or plate that transmits at least 65% of light. How to cultivate Kirari. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic film or plate is a synthetic resin film or plate containing an ultraviolet absorber. 3 The ultraviolet absorber is a benzotriazole derivative of the formula [wherein R1 represents a branched alkyl group, R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group, and X is a halogen atom] Claim 2
The method described in section. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the synthetic resin film or board is a polyvinyl chloride film or board. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coating material is an inorganic or organic film or plate that can transmit at least 70% of light having a wavelength of 420 nm or more.