JPS622784B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to the storage of silage and/or grain with high moisture content and the promotion and control of their fermentation processes. The use of sulfite-containing additives to preserve foods by removing oxygen has been known for some time and is subject to various prior patents, such as U.S. Pat. No. 2,799,583 (to Hillris); No.
No. 2825651 (granted to Zoo etc.), No. 3169068 (Blook
No. 3284212 (granted to Trirble). As stated in the Harris patent cited above, those who used sodium metabisulfite in the prior art for silage storage purposes inhibited damage due to aerobic mold or bacterial growth and the production of antimicrobial substrates. Because of this, he was primarily interested in the removal of oxygen. Harris describes a method for storing silage by adding alkaline metabisulfate and urea. Urea is used to control the corrosivity of metabisulfite to ferrous metals used in silo construction. According to Harris, the percentage of metabisulfite is not definitive and is approximately 0.1-10% by weight.
It is said that it can vary from 2 to 200 pounds per ton of silage. At such relatively high proportions, this metabisulfite exerts a strong antimicrobial effect on the silage, destroying large amounts of the natural bacteria required for the desired fermentation. In contrast, the methods and compositions of the present invention produce rapid anaerobic action and chemical conversion of alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites or metabisulfites to sulfates, as described in more detail below. After that, it helps to control the fermentation. In our earlier application, U.S. Pat. No. 3,184,314, grains with high moisture content are prepared by the use of a composition comprising (a) an alkali or alkaline earth metal sulfate and (b) an amylolytic enzyme, preferably malt diastase. Control of silage storage and fermentation is also discussed. Now, by using the composition of the present invention, we have demonstrated superior properties for various silage and stored grains, especially grains with high moisture content.
It has been discovered that it can provide rapid preservation and fermentation control. The present invention relates to the storage and controlled fermentation (in the sense of controlling the fermentation process) of various silages and stored grains, particularly high moisture content materials such as high moisture corn. To provide flavorful silage and grain that retains a high percentage of nutrient and vitamin values without tastes or odors that spoil feeding.
It has proven important to stop the growth of undesirable molds and bacteria as soon as possible, while at the same time directing the fermentation in such a way that the production of propionic acid is accelerated. The present invention accomplishes these two objectives by adding alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, or mixtures thereof to the silage and/or grain in amounts ranging from about 0.2 to 1.5 pounds/ton. This makes it possible to achieve this in a uniquely effective way. If the amount of sulfite added is less than about 0.05 lb/ton, the effect is insufficient to produce the desired anaerobic effect. Also, if the amount added exceeds 1.5 lb/ton, it will create strong antimicrobial effects in the silage, destroying the natural bacteria that are important for proper fermentation.
Conditions for natural fermentation are lost. Sulfite levels at the lower limit of the above range have been found to be particularly effective, especially for silage.
A sulfite level of 0.2 to 0.8 pounds/ton has been found to be desirable. According to the method of the invention, effective storage and fermentation control of silage and/or grain with high moisture content is achieved by using an inorganic sulfate selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate or ammonium sulfate from 10 to 97%. and 0.3 to 3% of an amylolytic enzyme, and one compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites and mixtures thereof.
This can be carried out by using a composition consisting of %. Preferred compositions for the present invention consist of the following ingredients in the following amounts:

Table: Ibs/Ton of Malt Diastase This composition can be mixed with silage in a known manner. For example, an aqueous solution or dispersion of the ingredient is prepared and the silage is sprinkled with the aqueous solution or dry particles of the ingredient while stirring to effect the entire coverage area of the silage. This composition is particularly effective on corn and other high moisture grains with high moisture content. Corn or grain with a high moisture content is generally about 10 to
Corn or grain containing 35% water by weight. The use of certain effective amounts of alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, or mixtures thereof may inhibit both corn, grass, hay, and other silages and corn and grain with high moisture content from aerobic molds. It makes it possible to protect against growth effects and also serves for the desired control of silage fermentation. Effective amounts of alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites or metabisulfites for silage
0.2-1.5 lb/ton, preferably 0.2-1.5 lb/ton
In the range of 0.8 lb/ton. Alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites or metabisulfites, preferably sodium metabisulfite, have a dual action. It acts as a precursor to sodium sulfate, which controls fermentation by favoring propionic acid-dominated production and against butyric acid by-products. Both propionic acid and butyric acid are secondary products of lactic acid, which is the primary byproduct of the fermentation cycle. The sodium metabisulfite simultaneously acts to rapidly remove oxygen trapped in the voids between the feed particles so that a substantially anaerobic atmosphere is rapidly formed. This anaerobic atmosphere not only favors the conversion of lactic acid to propionic acid, but also inhibits the growth of undesirable aerobic molds in the feed. The presence of oxygen scavenging alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites or metabisulfites allows the desired fermentation to occur in the absence of mold, toxins or in excess, as the oxygen is combined as sulfate in an exothermic reaction. The process proceeds quickly without the production of heat and produces a product that is predominately the desired fermentation product. In order to obtain the maximum effect by the method of the invention, an alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite or metabisulfite is combined with additional sodium sulfate and preferably e.g. malt diastase or α- It should be used in silage with an amylolytic enzyme such as amylase, β-amylase or amylase.
Other additives can also be added to the grain or silage, such as surfactants and food grade acids, formic acid or formalin. Any suitable non-toxic surfactant, preferably dimethylpolysiloxane, is sufficient to aid wetting of the composition and to aid in its spreading into the silage. Anionic, cationic, amorphous and nonionic surfactants have all been found useful. The surfactants that can be used are not limited, but examples of suitable surfactants include sodium alkylsulfoneethanolamine, ammonium dimethylpolysiloxane alkylaryl polyether sulfonate, sodium alkylaryl polyether sulfonate, sulfonated fatty acids. and lignin sulfonates and their salts. An important advantage of the present invention in achieving controlled fermentation in silage and high moisture grain is that the typical delay of about 28 to 48 hours required for the silage and grain to become anaerobic can be avoided. It is.
During this lag period, some molds grow and undesirable fermentation takes place. However, because anaerobic conditions are quickly achieved with the methods and compositions of the present invention, a high percentage of the plant material is converted to the desired silage. Example 1 Under controlled conditions, a first batch of corn silage at 67% moisture was mixed at 70% with a mixture of 96% sodium sulfate and 3% malt diastase. Add this mixture to corn silage to approx.
It was added in an amount of ~1/2 lb/ton. Add 0.3 pounds of sodium sulfite per ton of silage to the second batch of silage;
Processed in the same manner as the first batch except for replacing it with pounds. Each batch was tested after 48 hours for lactic and propionic acid production and the presence of mold. The result is:

[Table] Example 2 Corn silage at 30% moisture was treated in the same manner as the corn silage of Example 1. Mold was inspected at the end of 5 days and at the end of 30 days, and chemical analysis was performed at the end of 30 days. Batch 3 was sulfite-free, while batch 4 contained sodium sulfite. The result is:

Table: By using the composition of the present invention, there was no mold present at the end of 30 days of storage, and almost no mold was present at the end of 5 days under the conditions of this experiment. At the end of 24 hours, there was no oxygen present in batch 4, while oxygen was present in batch 3 after 24 hours of fermentation. New unprocessed silage usually costs 50000/g
It has a calculated value of mold, which is within 4 hours.
It rose to 250,000 and maintained this value until 96 hours later. Using the composition of the invention, a rapid reduction in mold numbers appears after 48 to 96 hours. This shows that if the instructions of the present invention are followed, very little mold toxins will be produced anyway. The presence of high amounts of lactic acid and propionic acid indicates that the fermentation process is particularly prone to the desired direction of producing a palatable and nutritious silage. Generally, the compositions of the present invention contain any inorganic sulfate such as sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate or ammonium sulfate from
%, 0.3-3% amylolytic enzyme and 2-20% alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite or meta-bisulfite, used at a rate of about 0.3-5 lb/ton of silage. In this way, the composition maintains an effective amount of sulfite per ton of silage within said range. Previous experimenters used sodium sulfite or sodium metabisulfite itself, but in an attempt to kill all the organic matter in the silage, they used it at too high a concentration, causing lactic and propionic acid-producing bacteria and yeasts and molds. tended to kill most or all of the This also made the silage difficult to digest, without biosynthesis occurring through fermentation, and without the formation of cells and intercellular cementum that absorb and store the silage juice containing proteins and vitamins. . Next, a comparative test conducted to further clarify the effects of the present invention will be described. Comparative Test 1 (a) Silage Preparation Fresh corn (cob, stalk and husk) was chopped into approximately 1 inch strips and mixed in a large vat. First, four jars were filled with shredded corn and sealed with lids. Each of the four containers was then filled with corn chips before adding various concentrations of sodium sulfite ranging from 0.2 to 10 pounds per ton of silage. The respective concentrations are as shown in Tables 1 and 2 below, and a necessary amount of sodium sulfate was added to make the inorganic substance concentration of the silage in each container uniform. The first silage container without added minerals (control sample) was immediately frozen after sealing and stored frozen. Other mineral-containing silage sample containers were stored in the dark at 70°C. After 4 days, two sample containers of each sulfite concentration were frozen in the same manner as the control sample containers described above. After 30 days, the remaining two containers were frozen in the same manner. These samples were mixed completely and homogeneously and subjected to the following analysis. (b) Analysis of calculated mold values The calculated mold values were calculated from colony forming units (CFU), and the results are shown in Table 1 below, together with the maximum and minimum values.

[Table] As is clear from the results in Table 1, 0.2
When ~1.5 lb/ton of sulfite is added, the silage mold inhibition effect is significant, which would not be expected from the prior art. (c) Acid production amount analysis Acetic acid, propionic acid in each silage sample,
The production amounts of butyric acid, isobutyric acid, and lactic acid were analyzed. As a result, only the amounts of acetic acid and lactic acid produced were above the analytically detectable limit. The respective amounts are shown in Table 2 below.

[Table] It is well known that lactic acid is produced during silage fermentation by the action of bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus, which is a typical microorganism present in silage. According to the method of the present invention, it is clear that the amount of lactic acid produced increases significantly by adding a small amount of sulfite, and together with the above-mentioned mold growth inhibiting effect, the effect of the present invention is clear. . Comparative Test 2 (a) Silage Preparation Fresh, hand-cut mature corn was crushed into pieces less than 1 inch in size and packed into glass containers (used as silos). At this time, samples to which sodium sulfite was not added (control samples) and samples to which various concentrations of sodium sulfite were added were prepared. The concentration of the salt added is shown in Table 3 below.
Some of the samples immediately after preparation were frozen, and others were fermented in the dark for 4 to 30 days at 70°C.
It was later frozen. (b) Analysis of calculated mold values Mold values were measured as colony forming units (CFU), and the results are shown in Table 3. (c) Acid production amount analysis Propionic acid, acetic acid,
The amount of lactic acid and butyric acid produced was analyzed. The results are shown in Table 3. As the results in Table 3 clearly show, in the method of the present invention, sulfite is added at 0.2% per silage.
The use of small amounts of ~1.5 lb/ton does not kill the bacteria that produce lactic and propionic acids, thus increasing the production of these acids (compared to control samples). it is obvious. Furthermore, the production of butyric acid and acetic acid is also significantly suppressed within the scope of the present invention.

[Table] Although sodium sulfite was used as the sulfite in these comparative tests, substantially the same results could be obtained even if other sulfites, other alkali metal salts of bisulfite, or alkali metal salts of metabisulfite were used. It is clear that the following can be obtained. That is, these inorganic salts of the present invention have in common SO ₃ =
group, which provides the effects of the present invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. 10 to 97% of an inorganic sulfate selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate or ammonium sulfate, and an amylolytic enzyme.
A composition consisting of 0.3 to 3% and 2 to 20% of one compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites and mixtures thereof is added to fresh silage and/or A storage and fermentation control method of said silage and/or grain comprising mixing with grain having a high moisture content, said composition being mixed with said silage and/or grain at a rate of about 0.3 to 5 pounds/ton. and wherein the amount of one compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites and mixtures thereof in said composition is applied to said silage and/or grain. 0.2 to 1.5 lb/ton, and the amount of the compound is silage and/or
or in an amount sufficient to create a substantially anaerobic atmosphere in the grain and a substantial amount of naturally occurring bacteria present in said silage and/or grain and playing an important role in fermentation. A method for controlling the storage and fermentation of the silage and/or grains with a high moisture content, characterized in that the amount is insufficient for destruction. 2. The amount of one compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites and mixtures thereof in said composition is in proportion to said silage and/or grain.
A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount is between 0.2 and 0.8 lb/ton. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic sulfate in the composition is sodium sulfate. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amylolytic enzyme in the composition is malt diastase.