DE2849902A1 - METHOD OF PRESERVING SILAGE AND SIMILAR MATERIALS - Google Patents

Description

BREMEN

v5 mTENTANWALTE

DIP1.-1NG. HANS MEISSNER ° DIPL.-ING. ERICH BOLTE

November 15, 1978

D 28 BREMEN,

Slovogtstrasse Federal Republic of Germany

Telephone 0421-34 2019 Telegrams: PATMEIS BREMEN

_J

. Our sign

1511

Applicant ; International Stock Food Corporation PO Box 29
Waverly, New York, USA

Erinder : Joseph G. Forest PO Box 369
Waverly, New York, USA

Edward J. Czarnetzky (deceased) formerly: Chazy, New York, U.S.A.

Representative : Dipl.-Ing. Hans Meissner Dipl.-Ing. Erich Bolte patent attorneys
Sievogtstrasse 21 2800 Bremen 1

Process for preserving silage and similar materials

The invention relates to the preservation of grain products and silages with a high moisture content, the improvement and control of the fermentation

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- I - November 15, 1978

Process of grain or silage material as well as preparations that are suitable for this process are.

The use of sulfite-containing additives to preserve feed by trapping of oxygen has long been known and described in various patents, for example U.S. Patents 2,799,583, 2,825,651, 3,169, and 3,284,212.

In the previous use of sodium metabisulphite for the preservation of silage material, for example in the aforementioned US Pat. No. 2,799,583, it was primarily the removal of oxygen, so as to spoil the material as a result of the growth of mold or Prevent bacteria that need oxygen and the formation of an antibacterial substrate.

In said US-PS 2,799,583 a method for the preservation of silage by adding alkali metabisulfite and urea is described. The urea is present to reduce the corrosive effect of the metabisulphites on ferrous materials used to build the silos. According to the information in the US-PS mentioned, the amount of metabisulphite is not critical and can vary between about 0.1 and 10 percent by weight, ie from about 0.9-90 kg / ton of silage. The metabisulphite has a relatively large amount strong antibacterial effect on the silage and also destroys most of the natural bacteria that are required for fermentation. in the

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In contrast to this, one achieves with the method according to the invention and the materials used therein a rapid anaerobic effect; after the chemical conversion of the alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite or -metabisulphites in sulphate they support fermentation.

Commonly assigned to our own earlier US Pat. No. 3,184,314 is the preservation and fermentation control of grain silages with a high moisture content using a mixture of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfate and an amylolytic one Enzyme, preferably malt diastase, is described.

It has now been found that there is superior, fast acting preservation and control the fermentation process of various silages and stored cereal grains, especially cereals with high moisture content, can be achieved when using the substances proposed according to the invention will.

The invention relates in particular to preservation and fermentation control (the latter in the sense of a control the fermentation process) of various silages and stored grain materials, in particular those with a high moisture content, e.g. high moisture corn.

So that tasty silages and grain products are obtained that are free of any complications in feeding Smell or taste are and are high in nutritional and vitamin content, it is required that

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Stop the growth of unwanted mold and harmful bacteria as quickly as possible, but at the same time to control the fermentation so that the formation of propionic acid is supported.

According to the invention, this double effect is achieved in a unique way by the silage or the Grain product about 0.09 kg (0.2 lbs) to less than 0.9 kg (2 lbs) per ton (about 0.2-2 lbs / ton) of silage or a granular product of an alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite and / or metabisulphite added. If the amount is less than 0.0227 kg (0.05 lbs) per ton, the effect is inadequate towards an anaerobic effect. If the amount exceeds 0.9 kg (2.0 lbs) per Ton, you get a strong antibacterial effect in the silage, but also the natural one Bacteria are destroyed, which are necessary for a good fermentation or fermentation; in this way then the good conditions for natural fermentation are lost. Sulphite amounts at the lower end of the stated Area are particularly effective; it is therefore preferable to work with amounts of sulfite of 0.09 kg (0.2 lbs) to 0.68 kg (1.5 lbs) per ton, even better at 0.09 kg (0.2 lbs) to 0.36 kg (0.8 lbs) per ton.

The process according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite alone and / or metabisulfite used; the best results is achieved, however, when the compounds contemplated according to the invention are used together with others Additives used. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the following substances are in the specified amounts used:

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component

a) alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfite, bisulfite or -metabisulphite

b) alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfate

g) amylolytic enzyme, preferably malt diastase

11/15/1978

lot

0.09 kg "to less than 0.9 kg per ton of silage
(0.2 ->
2 lbs / ton)

0.23 kg - 0.9 kg per ton of silage (0.5 - 2 lbs / ton)

0.009 kg to 2.3 kg per tonne of silage (o2 - 5 lbs / ton)

The substances can be mixed with the silage in any known manner, for example by one prepares an aqueous solution or dispersion of the constituents and this solution or else that Spray the preparation in a dry, granular form onto the silage while stirring, so that thorough mixing is achieved will.

The preparations are particularly useful for corn with a high moisture content, as well as for others with a high moisture content Grain products effective. A corn with a high moisture content or a high moisture content Grain is generally one that contains about 10-35 weight percent moisture.

It has now been established that the use of alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite and / or metabisulfite in certain effective amounts both a sufficient protection of those consisting of maize, grass, hay and others Silages as well as corn with a high moisture content and other grain products counteract the effects of the

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Causes the growth of aerobic mold and at the same time supports the control of the fermentation of the silage. The effective amounts of alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite or metabisulfite are between about 0.09 kg (0.2 lbs) and less than 0.9 kg (2 lbs), preferably 0.09 kg (0.2 lbs) to 0.68 kg (1.5 lbs), preferably 0.09 kg (0.2 lbs) to 0.36 kg (0.8 lbs), each per ton of silage.

The task of the alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite or -metabisulphite - preferably sodium metabisulphite used - is twofold. The compound acts as a precursor to sodium sulfate, which in turn controls fermentation by supporting the predominant formation of propionic acid and its simultaneous formation of butyric acid inhibits; both substances are secondary products of lactic acid, which is the first by-product is in the fermentation cycle. At the same time it acts as a means that quickly absorbs the oxygen, which is trapped in the cavities between the food particles, so that a practical anaerobic environment. This anaerobic environment not only favors the conversion of lactic acid in propionic acid, it also prevents the growth of aerobic mold that is undesirable in the feed is. In the presence of the oxygen scavenging substances, alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite or metabisulfite the oxygen is bound as sulfate in an exothermic reaction, so that the desired Fermentation can proceed quickly without the formation of mold, toxins and too much heat, which in turn leads to the formation of the desired fermentation products.

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So that the advantages of adding alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite or metabisulfite can be fully used, this addition should preferably be used together with sodium sulphate and an amylolytic enzyme, e.g. Malt diastase, any alpha-amylase, beta-amylase or an amylase from Aspergillus oryzae. In addition, the silage or the Grain product also have other additives, such as surface-active agents and suitable for use with animal feed Acids, formic acid or formalin can be added. All surfactants are non-toxic suitable, for example dimethylpolysiloxane; this agent supports wetting and distribution of the preparations in the silage. Anionic, cationic, amphoteric and non-ionic surface-active Means are also useful. Examples of these last-mentioned surfactants are (without Restriction to the mentioned) sodium alkylsulfonethanolamine, Dimethylpolysiloxane ammonium alkylaryl polyether sulfonate, Sodium alkylaryl polyether sulfonate, sulfonated fatty acids and lignosulfonate and its Salts.

A decisive advantage in the fermentation control of silages and cereal products with a high moisture content It can be seen that the usual delay of about 28-48 hours until the silage is anaerobic be avoided. In this delay period, mold can and can already grow set in unwanted fermentation. By the method according to the invention and the products used with it the anaerobic state is reached much more quickly,

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so that a higher proportion of plant material in usable silage can be converted.

example 1

Under controlled conditions, a first approach of a corn silage with 67% humidity at 21 ⁰ C with a mixture of 96% sodium sulfate and 3% malt diastase was mixed. The mixture was added in an amount of about 0.68 kg (1.5 lbs) per ton of corn silage.

A second batch of silage was treated in the same way as indicated above, but were also 0.14 kg (0.3 lbs) sodium sulfite added per ton of silage replacing 0.14 kg (0.3 lbs) sodium sulfate.

The production of lactic acid and propionic acid and the presence of mold were checked after 48 hours in both batches.

The following results were achieved:

Lactic acid propionic acid mold counting

Batch 1 0.3 % 0.05 % 180,000 / g

(70,000 / g-96 hours)

Batch 2 1.1% 0.3 % 1,600 / g

(40 / g hours)

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Example 2

Approaches made from corn with a moisture content of 30% were treated in the same way as the Silage corn from Example 1. The mold formation was checked after 5 days and after 30 days. Chemical Analyzes were carried out after 30 days. Batch no. 3 contained no sulfite, batch no. 4 contained Sodium sulfite.

Vinegar, butter, propionic mold, mold acidic acid (after 30 (after 5 days) days)

Approach 3 0.4 % 0.1% 0.15 Approach 4 0.2.% 0.01% 0.4%

* / +1 = 10000-25000 mold spores

** / 0 = no mold

*** / + - = less than 10,000 mold spores

When using the mixtures according to the present invention, no mold was found in the silo after 30 days; after 5 days, very little mold was present under the conditions of the experiment.

In batch # 4, no oxygen was present at the end of the 24 hour period; approach no. 3 was against it Oxygen is present after fermentation for 24 hours.

Fresh, untreated silage material usually shows a mold count of 50,000 / g, which increased to 250,000 in 4 hours and also after 96 hours remains at this height. With the substances of the present invention, a rapid decrease could be achieved

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the mold count after 48 hours and up to 96 hours can be achieved. This shows that very little, if any, mold toxin is produced when, how stated according to the invention, is carried out.

The higher amounts of lactic acid and propionic acid are considered to be a significant improvement in the fermentation process towards tastier and more nutritious To evaluate silage.

In general, the preparations according to the invention, which consist of 10-97% of any inorganic sulfate such as sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium or ammonium sulfate, 0.3-3% of an amylolytic enzyme and 2-20 % alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite or metabisulfite, should be in an amount of about 0.14 kg (0.3 lbs) to 2.27 kg (5 lbs) per ton (0.3 to 5 lbs / ton) can be used, so that the amount of sulfite per ton of silage is within the specified limits holds.

Sodium sulphite or metabisulphite has also been used on its own, but in far too high concentrations, so that all organisms in the silage were killed, including lactic acid and Propionic acid producing bacteria as well as yeast and mold. This made the silage material brought to a state that made it difficult to digest because the biosynthesis of fermentation turned off was and the cells and cell walls were not absorptive, so that they were the all-important .silage juices with their proteins and vitamins.

9: 0 98 21/063 p

Claims (7)

11/15/1978 claims 1. Process for preservation and control of the Fermentation of silages and grain products with a high moisture content, characterized by that an alkali metal sulfite is used with the fresh silage and / or grain products with a high moisture content, Alkali metal bisulfite and / or alkali metal metal aMsulfit mixed, in an amount sufficient to create a substantially anaerobic atmosphere in the silage and / or cereal product mixture to create that, however, is too low to contain significant amounts of the natural bacteria destroy those present in fresh silage and / or high moisture grain products and who take part in fermentation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound in an amount of 0.09 kg (0.2 lbs) to less than 0.9 kg (2 lbs) per ton (0.2 - less than 2 lbs / ton) is present in the silage. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound in an amount of 0.09 kg (0.2 lbs) to 0.68 kg (1.5 lbs) per ton (0.2 1.5 lbs / ton) is present in the silage. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound in an amount of 0.09 kg (0.2 lbs) to 0.36 kg (0.8 lbs) per ton (0.2 0.8 lbs / ton) in, .the silage is available. 909R21 / 063S - yi - '11 /15/1978 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that sodium sulfate is also added. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that there is also an amylolytisch.es enzyme is added. 7. Additive, which when added to silage and grain products with a high moisture content in an amount of about 0.14 kg (0.3 lbs) to 2.27 kg (5 lbs) per ton (0.3-5 lbs / ton) in the silage suppresses aerobic mold growth, but at the same time promotes the formation of lactic acid and the conversion of lactic acid into propionic acid and of which 10-97 % consists of inorganic sulfates, namely sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate or ammonium sulfate, 0.3-3 % an amylolytic enzyme and 2 - 20 % of an alkali metal sulfite, an alkali metal bisulfite and / or an alkali metal metabisulfite. 0. Additive according to claim 7, characterized in that the amylolytic enzyme consists of malt diastase . 909821 / Π635