【考案の詳細な説明】[Detailed explanation of the idea]
この考案は断熱構造物に関する。その目的は断
熱材使用量に比べ断熱性能が高い断熱構造物を提
案するにある。
従来、柱・間柱間などの建物躯体の部材間に、
ガラス繊維や合成樹脂発泡板等の断熱材を配した
断熱構造物が知られている。これら断熱構造物で
用いる断熱材は通常一種類であり、今までに二種
類の断熱材を２層になし配し、それぞれの長所を
生かし、欠点を補ない両者の断熱性能の和よりも
高い断熱性能を拳げようとする試みはなかつた。
例えば、ガラス繊維は断熱性能は高いにもかかわ
らず、ガラス繊維層内で対流を起したり、あるい
は吸湿、結露したりして、実際面では本来のガラ
ス繊維の断熱性を充分発揮し得ないことが多かつ
た。
この考案は上記事情に鑑み考案されたものであ
り、その要旨は、建物躯体の部材間に屋外側に繊
維系断熱材、屋内側に合成樹脂発泡板が嵌込まれ
配し構成してなり、前記発泡板は
１≦圧縮弾性率≦60（Kg／cm2）
５≦密度≦35（Kg／m3）
である断熱構造物である。
この断熱構造物は屋内側に発泡板が部材間に嵌
込まれて配してあるので、部材との間に空隙を生
せず、その屋外側に配した繊維系断熱層が吸湿し
たり結露したり、あるいは対流を起したりし難く
なり、繊維系断熱材の本来の断熱性能を損なうこ
となく発揮する。
合成樹脂発泡板は、１≦圧縮弾性率≦60（Kg／
cm3）、５≦密度≦35（Kg／m3）である。従つて撓
を与えて部材間に密に嵌込みができ、嵌込み後も
弾性により部材に圧接し隙間を生じない。また、
屋外側に嵌込んだ繊維系断熱材の反発力を押える
ことになる。仮りに圧縮弾性率が１Kg／cm2である
と弾性が不足し、部材と発泡板の間に隙間が発生
し易くなり、また繊維系断熱材の反発力により発
泡板が部材間から外れてしまう。60Kg／cm2以上と
なると撓ませて嵌込むことが困難となる。より好
ましい弾性率は２Kg／cm2〜30Kg／cm2の範囲であ
る。密度が５Kg／m3未満であると、一般に圧縮弾
性率が低下し、下限値に近づき、同時に断熱性
能、防湿性能が低下し好ましくない。密度が35
Kg／m3以上となると弾性率の上限値に近づくとと
もに、断熱性能、防湿性能が飽和に近づき、コス
ト高となり好ましくない。
これら、条件を満足する合成樹脂発泡板は、ポ
リスチレン系、ポリエチレン系、ポリプロピレン
系、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合物系、アイオノマ
ー等の合成樹脂あるいはその混合物発泡体から選
択することができる。また繊維質断熱材としては
ガラス繊維、ロツクウール等を用いることができ
る。
以下図示する実施例により説明する。
図はこの考案を木造建物に応用した断熱壁であ
つて、柱１、間柱２との間に屋外側にガラス繊維
層３を配し、屋内側にポリスチレン系発泡板４
（厚さ40mm）を嵌込んで配してある。柱１、間柱
２の屋外側には下見板５およびラス金網６を取付
け、モルタル７を塗着して外壁面が形成されてあ
り、屋内側には発泡板４および柱１、間柱２にま
たがり防湿性膜８を添付けて断熱壁は構成されて
いる。
この断熱壁は屋内側に防湿性の高い発泡板４が
嵌込んであるのでたとえ防湿性膜８を取付けない
場合でも、その屋外側に配したガラス繊維層３は
吸湿したり、結露したりし難く、また対流を起す
こともなく、本来の断熱性能を発揮する。また、
発泡板４は独立気泡、疎水性で、柱、間柱間に隙
間がなく、本来の断熱性能を発揮し、ガラス繊維
層３と２層をなすことにより、実際に取付けた状
態においては、その断熱性能はガラス繊維層３、
発泡板４それぞれ単独で取付けた場合の和以上の
値とすることができた。
以下本考案の断熱構造物の効果を比較品と対比
して示す。
Ａ 試験に供した断熱構造物の種類
(1) 60mm厚の空気層を形成する木枠体を準備し
全面にガラス繊維（密度10Kg／m3品、厚み
100mm表面加工なし）を圧縮充填する。
ガラス繊維の両表面を木枠にナイロンテグ
スを５cm間隔で張りめぐらすことにより押え
た構造物（比較品）
(2) 40mm厚の空気層を形成する木枠体全面にポ
リスチレン発泡板（密度12Kg／m3品、圧縮弾
性率５Kg／cm2、厚み40mm、防湿層付）を密に
嵌合充填した構造物（比較品）
(3) 100mm厚の空気層を形成する木枠体の全面
にガラス繊維（密度10Kg／m3品、厚み100mm
表面加工なし）を圧縮充填し、更に(2)に用い
たと同じポリスチレン発泡板を密に嵌合充填
した構造物（本発明品）
Ｂ 試験方法
これらの試験体をJISA1420住宅用断熱材の
断熱性能試験方法に準じて評価した。熱流方向
は水平流となるようにして、(3)の試験体の場合
ガラス繊維層を低温側にした。
Ｃ 結果まとめ
This invention relates to a heat insulating structure. The purpose is to propose a heat-insulating structure with high heat-insulating performance compared to the amount of heat-insulating material used. Conventionally, between the members of the building frame such as between columns and studs,
BACKGROUND ART A heat insulating structure is known in which a heat insulating material such as glass fiber or a synthetic resin foam board is arranged. Usually, only one type of insulation material is used in these insulation structures, and so far, two types of insulation materials have been arranged in two layers, making use of the strengths of each, and the insulation performance is higher than the sum of the two without compensating for their weaknesses. There was no attempt to improve the insulation performance.
For example, although glass fiber has high insulation performance, in reality, it cannot fully demonstrate the original insulation properties of glass fiber due to convection within the glass fiber layer, moisture absorption, and dew condensation. There were many things. This idea was devised in view of the above circumstances, and its gist is that a fiber-based insulation material is inserted between the building frame members on the outdoor side, and a synthetic resin foam board is inserted on the indoor side. The foam board is a heat insulating structure satisfying the following conditions: 1≦compressive modulus≦60 (Kg/cm 2 ) and 5≦density≦35 (Kg/m 3 ). This insulation structure has a foam board fitted between the members on the indoor side, so there are no gaps between the members, and the fiber-based insulation layer placed on the outdoor side absorbs moisture and condenses. This makes it difficult to cause convection or convection, and the fiber-based insulation material can perform without impairing its original insulation performance. Synthetic resin foam board has a compression modulus of 1≦60 (Kg/
cm 3 ), 5≦density≦35 (Kg/m 3 ). Therefore, it is possible to fit tightly between the members by applying flexure, and even after fitting, the elasticity presses against the members and does not create a gap. Also,
This suppresses the repulsive force of the fiber-based insulation material fitted on the outdoor side. If the compressive elastic modulus is 1 Kg/cm 2 , the elasticity will be insufficient and a gap will easily occur between the member and the foam board, and the foam board will come off from between the members due to the repulsive force of the fiber-based heat insulating material. If it exceeds 60 kg/cm 2 , it will be difficult to bend and fit. A more preferable elastic modulus is in the range of 2 Kg/cm 2 to 30 Kg/cm 2 . If the density is less than 5 Kg/m 3 , the compressive modulus generally decreases and approaches the lower limit value, and at the same time, the heat insulation performance and moisture proof performance decrease, which is not preferable. Density is 35
If it exceeds Kg/m 3 , the elastic modulus approaches the upper limit, the heat insulation performance and moisture proof performance approach saturation, and the cost increases, which is undesirable. A synthetic resin foam board that satisfies these conditions can be selected from synthetic resins such as polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ionomer, or mixtures thereof. Further, as the fibrous heat insulating material, glass fiber, rock wool, etc. can be used. This will be explained below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. The figure shows an insulating wall that applies this idea to a wooden building, in which a glass fiber layer 3 is arranged on the outdoor side between pillars 1 and studs 2, and polystyrene foam board 4 is placed on the indoor side.
(thickness: 40mm). Clapboards 5 and lath wire mesh 6 are attached to the outdoor side of the pillars 1 and studs 2, and mortar 7 is applied to form the outer wall surface, and on the indoor side, the foam board 4 and the lath wire mesh 6 are installed astride the pillars 1 and 2. A heat insulating wall is constructed by attaching a moisture-proof membrane 8. This insulation wall has a highly moisture-proof foam board 4 fitted on the indoor side, so even if the moisture-proof membrane 8 is not installed, the glass fiber layer 3 placed on the outdoor side will not absorb moisture or form condensation. It is difficult to use, does not cause convection, and exhibits its original insulation performance. Also,
The foam board 4 has closed cells and is hydrophobic, so there are no gaps between the columns and studs, and it exhibits its original heat insulation performance.By forming two layers with the glass fiber layer 3, when it is actually installed, the foam board 4 has excellent heat insulation performance. Performance is glass fiber layer 3,
The value was greater than the sum of the values obtained when each of the foam boards 4 was attached individually. The effects of the heat insulating structure of the present invention will be shown below in comparison with a comparative product. A. Types of insulation structures used in the test (1) A wooden frame that forms an air layer with a thickness of 60 mm was prepared, and the entire surface was covered with glass fiber (density 10 kg/m, 3 products, thickness
100mm (no surface treatment) is compressed and filled. A structure in which both surfaces of glass fiber are held in place by stretching nylon fibers around a wooden frame at 5 cm intervals (comparison product) (2) Polystyrene foam board (density 12 kg/ Comparison product (comparison product) (3) Glass on the entire surface of the wooden frame forming an air layer 100 mm thick. Fiber (density 10Kg/m 3 items, thickness 100mm)
A structure (product of the present invention) in which the same polystyrene foam board used in (2) was compressed and filled (without surface treatment) and then tightly fitted and filled with the same polystyrene foam board used in (2). Evaluation was made according to the test method. The heat flow direction was horizontal, and in the case of test specimen (3), the glass fiber layer was placed on the low temperature side. C Summary of results
【表】
上記結果からも分るように本考案の構造物は熱
抵抗が大きく、断熱性に優れていると云える。
この実施例においては屋内側表面に防湿性膜８
を添付けて透湿の低下を図つたが、発泡板４が防
湿性の高いポリスチレン発泡板等であり、部材間
に密に嵌込んであるならば必ずしも防湿性膜８を
取付ける必要はない。
実施例は以上の通りであるが、この構造物は根
太、大引等の部材間、あるいは野縁、垂木等の部
材間に前記と同様に繊維系断熱層および発泡板を
２層に配して、断熱屋根、断熱床等として応用で
きる。
また、実用例として、部材木枠体の厚さ100mm
に密度10Kg／m2で厚さ100mmのガラス繊維断熱材
が施工されている既設の断熱壁に、上記ガラス繊
維断熱材を70mmに圧縮し室内側から厚さ30mmのス
チレン発泡板を嵌合充填して断熱改修を行つた。
この壁は改修前後ともに外装はモルタル仕上げ、
内装は石コウボードに表面クロス仕上げてあつ
た。この断熱改修前後の壁について各部の温度を
測定したところ下表の結果を得た。[Table] As can be seen from the above results, the structure of the present invention has a high thermal resistance and can be said to have excellent heat insulation properties. In this embodiment, a moisture-proof film 8 is provided on the indoor surface.
However, if the foam board 4 is a highly moisture-proof polystyrene foam board or the like and is tightly fitted between the members, it is not necessarily necessary to attach the moisture-proof membrane 8. The example is as described above, and this structure has two layers of fiber-based heat insulation layers and foam boards arranged between members such as joists and large pullers, or between members such as roof edges and rafters, as described above. It can be used as insulation roofs, insulation floors, etc. In addition, as a practical example, the thickness of the wooden frame body is 100 mm.
The glass fiber insulation material is compressed to 70mm and a 30mm thick styrene foam board is fitted and filled from the indoor side into the existing insulation wall where glass fiber insulation material with a density of 10Kg/ m2 and a thickness of 100mm has been constructed. The insulation was repaired.
The exterior of this wall was finished with mortar both before and after the renovation.
The interior was made of gypsum board with a cloth finish. When we measured the temperature of each part of the wall before and after the insulation renovation, we obtained the results shown in the table below.
【表】
ブ温度
上記結果からも判るとおり室内側の壁表面温度
及び体感温度（グローブ温度）が上昇しており大
幅に断熱性能が向上したことが、、実際の住宅で
も確認された。よつて本考案の構造物は、例えば
既設のガラス繊維断熱壁の断熱改修時、室内側か
ら本考案でいう発泡板を押込むように装着するこ
とも具現でき、特に雪国での断熱改修に効果的で
ある。[Table] Temperature As can be seen from the above results, the indoor wall surface temperature and sensible temperature (globe temperature) have increased, and it has been confirmed in actual houses that the insulation performance has significantly improved. Therefore, for example, the structure of the present invention can be installed by pushing the foam board referred to in the present invention from the indoor side when repairing the insulation of an existing glass fiber insulation wall, and is particularly effective for heat insulation repair in snowy regions. be.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]
図面はこの考案になる断熱壁の横断面図であ
る。
１……柱、２……間柱、３……ガラス繊維層、
４……ポリスチレン系発泡板、５……下見板、６
……ラス金網、７……モルタル、８……防湿性
膜。
The drawing is a cross-sectional view of the heat insulating wall according to this invention. 1... Column, 2... Stud, 3... Glass fiber layer,
4...Polystyrene foam board, 5...Clapboard, 6
... Lath wire mesh, 7 ... Mortar, 8 ... Moisture-proof membrane.