JPS6226372B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for excavating directly beneath an obstacle such as a caisson.

"Conventional technology and its problems" Conventionally, in the open caisson construction method in which the earth and sand inside the caisson 1 is excavated and the caisson 1 is buried underground as shown in Fig. 1, the grab bucket hanging type is generally used. Excavation is carried out using an excavator.

However, when excavating the opening 1a of the caisson 1, it is possible to excavate directly with a grab bucket, but when attempting to excavate directly under the caisson bulkhead 1b, the bulkhead 1b itself becomes an obstacle.
There was a problem that the grab bucket could not be reached and it was not possible to dig directly.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and device capable of excavating directly under an obstacle to a required depth.

"Means for Solving the Problems" In order to solve the above problems, the method of the present invention includes the following steps:
A method for excavating directly under an obstacle using a grab bucket, the method comprising: a cart suspended and supported by a lifting machine; a guide frame; a plurality of rope guide sheaves attached to the guide frame; and a rope.
An excavation device consisting mainly of a jack and a grab bucket is positioned above the obstacle, and the rope is guided around the obstacle from above the guide frame using the guide sheave and directly below the obstacle. A grab bucket suspended from the tip of the excavator is operated up and down by moving the rope up and down to excavate directly below the obstacle, and the guide frame is rotated by the jack to move the excavated earth and sand to the side of the obstacle. It is operated to excavate directly under an obstacle.

In order to solve the above problems, the device of the present invention includes a head located above the obstacle, a detour portion extending downward from one end of the head along the side of the obstacle, and a detour portion extending downward from one end of the head along the side of the obstacle. A guide frame is constituted by an arm part that extends diagonally downward from the lower end of the part so as to go around the obstacle, and the tip part is located directly below the obstacle, and this guide frame can be horizontally moved above the obstacle. The detour section is rotatably supported on a cart provided so that it can move toward and away from the side surface of the obstacle, and rope guides are provided on the head, detour section, and arm of the guide frame. A sheave for hanging the grab bucket is attached, and a rope for hanging the grab bucket is hung from the upper side of the guide frame to the plurality of sheaves and guided so as to be able to bypass obstacles and extend below the arm. A grab bucket is supported by the lower rope, and a jack is attached to the detour portion to rotate the guide frame by contacting the side surface of the obstacle.

"Function" A guide frame is provided to bypass the obstacle, and in order to support the grab bucket cart on a rope hung on a sheave attached to this guide frame, the grab bucket cart can be suspended directly below the obstacle. Can be excavated. Since the grab bucket can be raised and lowered below the obstacle by moving the rope up and down, it is possible to excavate below the obstacle to the required depth. Further, by rotating the guide frame using a jack and moving the grab bucket to the side of the obstacle, the excavated earth and sand can be moved to the side of the obstacle.

"Embodiment" An embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

The apparatus of this embodiment is an example in which the caisson partition wall 1b is used as an obstacle in the open caisson construction method shown in FIG. 1, and its detailed structure is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

In these figures, 1b indicates a caisson bulkhead, and 2a indicates a girder of the ground scaffolding 2 provided above the caisson 1. Regarding the ground scaffolding 2, which will be described later, the girder 2a in this case is adapted to move onto the caisson bulkhead 1b.

A traveling carriage 3 is movably provided on this girder 2a. As shown in FIG. 2, the traveling bogie 3 has a substantially inverted U-shape, and has wheels 4 on its upper inner surface that roll on the upper surface of the girder 2a, and also has wheels 4 on both inner surfaces that are in contact with the side surfaces of the girder 2a. It has rollers 5 and is configured to be able to run safely along the longitudinal direction of the girder 2a.

Moreover, on the upper surface of the traveling trolley 3,
Three sets of mounting shoes 8, 8a, 8b, 8c each having a hole 7 through which a connecting pin 6 is passed are fixed in the orientation shown in FIG. That is, the central mounting shoe 8a is oriented perpendicularly to the traveling direction of the traveling trolley 3, and the mounting shoes 8b and 8c on both sides thereof are each inclined at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the central mounting shoe 8a, and are symmetrical to each other. directed to do. A guide frame 9 is attached to one of these mounting shoes 8a to 8c (in the device of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, to the central mounting shoe 8a) by a pin 6. .

The guide frame 9 is made of a steel material having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 5, and is formed into a long substantially C-shape along the caisson partition wall 1b. That is, the guide frame 9 is integrally and rigidly formed with a plurality of bent parts as joints, and extends downward from a head 9a located above the traveling bogie 3 and one end of the head 9a along the side surface of the caisson bulkhead 1b. a detour part 9b;
It extends obliquely downward from its lower end so as to go around the lower part of the caisson bulkhead 1b, and its tip end is the caisson bulkhead 1b.
The arm portion 9c is located directly below the arm portion 9c.

Mounting brackets 10a and 10b are provided at a distance from each other on the lower surface of the head 9a, and the guide frame 9 supports these mounting brackets 1.
One of the brackets 0a and 10b (in the case of this figure, the mounting bracket 10a) is connected to the mounting shoe 8a on the top surface of the traveling carriage 3 by a pin 6, and is suspended and supported.

Further, a plurality of sheaves 11a to 11g are attached to predetermined locations on both sides of the guide frame 9, so that the wire rope 12 can be guided from above along the guide frame 9 to the bottom of the caisson bulkhead 1b. There is. That is, in the head 9a of the guide frame 9, the mounting brackets 10a, 1
Sheaves 11a and 11b are attached to the upper part of 0b, respectively, and in the detour section 9b and arm section 9c, the sheave 11c is attached mainly to the bending section.
~11g is attached. In addition, sheave 1
1f and 11g are arranged at the tip of the arm portion 9c located directly below the caisson partition wall 1b. Further, regarding the sheaves 11f and 11g, the sheaves 11a and 1 of the guide frame head 9a are respectively
It is arranged so as to be located on substantially the same vertical line as 1b. This means that when the wire rope 12 is hung,
This is to prevent rotational moment from acting on the guide frame 9. Note that four sheaves 11a to 11g are attached to each attachment location in order to guide four wire ropes 12 suspended from a winch, which will be described later. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, two sheaves 11, 11a to 11g are arranged on each side of the guide frame 9 (only one side is shown), and are attached to the side of the guide frame 9 by an E-shaped frame 13 and a shaft 14. attached. 15
is a cap for preventing the wire rope 12 from coming off.

Further, the detour portion 9b of the guide frame 9 includes:
A jack 16 is attached. When the jack 16 is extended, its tip presses the side surface of the caisson bulkhead 1b, and the reaction force causes the guide frame 9 to rotate in a direction away from the caisson bulkhead 1b using the connecting pin 6 as a fulcrum. .

Next, a case will be described in which the method of the present invention is implemented using the apparatus configured as described above.

First, to briefly describe the situation at the site where the device with the above configuration is actually installed, at this site, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, ground scaffolding 2 is installed on top of caisson 1. . This ground scaffolding 2 has the above-mentioned girder 2a, and has a caisson 1.
Arrow X in Figure 8 above the rail 1c laid on the top surface of
It is now possible to travel in any direction. In addition, a rail 2c is provided on the upper surface of the girder 2b at the upper end of the ground scaffolding 2, and a winch mount 1 is mounted on the rail 2c.
7 is provided so as to be freely movable in the direction of arrow Y in FIG.
Furthermore, a winch truck 19 on which a winch 18 is mounted is provided on a rail 17a provided on the upper surface of the winch truck 19 so as to be movable in the X direction. As a result, the winch 18 can move the carriage 19 and the frame 1 under it.
7. By moving the scaffold 2 in the X direction or the Y direction, it can be moved vertically and horizontally.

Furthermore, four hanging wire ropes 12 are suspended from the winch 18, and a grab bucket belt 20 is attached to the tips of the ropes, thereby forming an excavator.

Next, a case where the inside of the caisson 1 is actually excavated will be described.

The opening 1a of the caisson 1 is excavated in the usual manner by directly lowering the grab bucket 20 from the winch 18, as shown in FIG. The equipment is set up and excavated in the following manner.

First, to set up the device on site, the seventh
Move the ground scaffolding 2 shown in the figures and Fig. 8, position the girder 2a to be set above the target caisson bulkhead 1b, and place the traveling trolley 3 on the girder 2a as shown in Fig. 9. . Thereafter, the winch 18 is positioned diagonally above the caisson bulkhead 1b, the grab bucket 20 is lowered onto the excavation surface near the caisson bulkhead 1b, and the wire rope 12 is loosened. In this state, while lifting the guide frame 9 with a lifting machine (not shown), the caps 15 of each sheave 11 are lifted.
Open the cap, hang the wire rope 12 over the sheave 11, and close the cap 15 (see Fig. 6).

Then, move the winch 18 directly above the caisson bulkhead 1b as shown in FIG.
b is connected to any one of the mounting shoes 8a to 8c on the upper surface of the traveling carriage 3 with a connecting pin 6, and the guide frame 9 is suspended and supported to complete the setting. In this case, the combination of the connecting mounting brackets 10a, 10b and the mounting shoes 8a to 8c may be selected depending on the location to be excavated.

By setting in this way, winch 1
Although 8 is located above the bulkhead 1b, the grab bucket 20 can be positioned below the caisson bulkhead 1b, which is an obstacle. Therefore, in this state, the wire rope 12 can be raised and lowered by the winch 18. This makes it possible to excavate directly under the caisson bulkhead 1b with the grab bucket 20 without being obstructed by the caisson bulkhead 1b.

Next, a case will be described in which the portions A to B directly below the caisson bulkhead 1b shown by diagonal lines in FIG. 1 are excavated.

In this case, the mounting bracket 10a and the mounting shoe 8a are connected, and the wire rope 12 is connected to the upper and lower ends of the sheaves 11a, 11 as shown by solid lines in FIG.
Multiply by f. Then, while moving the traveling truck 3 and the winch 18, excavation is performed directly below the caisson bulkhead 1b. Note that during this excavation work, by moving the wire rope 12 up and down, the area below the caisson bulkhead 1b can be excavated to a required depth.

In this case, the grab bucket 20 is moved up and down within the range of the sheave 11f from the excavation surface, so the processing of the excavated earth and sand is carried out by the grab bucket 20.
0 is lifted to some extent and allowed to spread, or the jack 16 attached to the detour part 9b of the guide frame 9 is extended and the guide frame 9
is moved to the opening 1a side of the caisson 1, and earth and sand are dropped there and held there. Moreover, at that time, it is of course possible to move the girder 2a itself without using the jack 16. Note that if the grab bucket 20 is moved by the extension of the jack 16 to move the earth and sand toward the opening 1a of the caisson 1, the earth and sand can be moved without moving the girder 2a.

In this way, excavation from point A to point B is performed while repeating the excavation operation using the grab bucket 20 and the operation of dropping earth and sand.

In addition, in the above set state, the grab bucket 20
If the guide frame 9 cannot be reached and dirt remains behind, change the position where the wire rope 12 of the guide frame 9 is stretched.

That is, as shown in FIG.
Remove the wire rope 12 from 11f and rehang it as shown by the dotted line in FIG. By doing so, the wire rope 12 at the upper end and the wire rope 12 at the lower end are lined up in substantially the same vertical line, and the guide frame 9 is kept in a balanced state.

Next, a case will be described in which excavation is performed directly below the intersection (corner) of the caisson bulkhead 1b, such as portions C and D in FIG. In this case, the guide frame 9 is set not in the mounting shoe 8a but in the mounting shoe 8b or 8c located diagonally therewith. Then, the guide frame 9 is moved against the caisson bulkhead 1b.
The grab bucket cart 20 can be positioned directly under the intersection (points C and D) by being located in a direction inclined at 45 degrees.

When the excavation immediately below the caisson bulkheads 1b at the four corners surrounding the opening 1a is completed in this manner, the earth and sand accumulated directly below the opening 1a of the caisson 1 is lifted up. In this case, the above-mentioned device can be removed and the soil can be lifted by carrying out a normal excavation operation using a grab bucket 20 as shown in FIG. 7, so that the soil lifting operation can be easily carried out.

As explained above, if the grab bucket 20 is used, the grab bucket 20 can be used for both excavation work directly below the caisson bulkhead 1b and lifting work of excavated earth and sand.
This has the effect of improving the usage efficiency of 0.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the guide frame 9
is formed in one piece, and the arm part 9c has a structure that does not move.Also, two sheaves 11f and 11g are provided at the tip of the arm part to change the excavation position, as shown in Fig. 10. Alternatively, the guide frame 9' may be configured such that the arm portion 9c' is rotatably connected to the detour portion 9b by a pin 21, and the rotation angle can be adjusted by a hydraulic cylinder 22.
In this way, by providing only one sheave 11f' and changing the angle of the arm portion 11c', the same effect as in the previous embodiment can be achieved. In this case, even when extending the excavation position, there is no need to change the wire rope 12, which is convenient. In addition, it can be easily adapted to differences in the shape of obstacles, and can be applied to a wide range of applications.

Further, in the embodiment described above, the guide frame is constructed in one piece, but if the guide frame is long, it may be divided into parts.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained above, the present invention provides a guide frame that detours around an obstacle, hangs a rope on a sheave attached to the guide frame, detours the obstacle, and suspends the rope. In order to carry out excavation by supporting the grab bucket with this rope,
It has the effect of excavating directly beneath obstacles. In addition, by raising and lowering the rope hung on the sheave and raising and lowering the grab bucket below the obstacle, it is possible to excavate below the obstacle to the required depth. Furthermore, by extending the jack provided on the guide frame and rotating the guide frame, the grab bucket can be moved to the side of the obstacle, thereby moving the soil excavated directly under the obstacle from directly below the obstacle to that side. Since it can be moved in any direction, it has the effect of making soil lifting work easier. In addition, since the grab bucket can be used to excavate directly below the caisson bulkhead and the excavated earth and sand can be lifted up using the grab bucket, the efficiency of using the grab bucket can be improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1A to 1C are for explaining a construction site using the open caisson method, which is an example of a site where the device of the present invention is used. Figure 1A is a plan view, and Figure 1B is a front cross section. Figure 1C is a side sectional view;
Figures 2 to 6 are for explaining one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is an overall front view, Figure 3 is a side view of the same, and Figure 4 is a plan view showing the arrangement of the mounting shoe. , FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the cross-sectional shape of the guide frame,
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the sheave mounting structure, Fig. 7 is a front view showing the equipment at the construction site of the open caisson construction method, Fig. 8 is a plan view of the same, and Fig. 9 is a diagram showing the equipment of one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a front view showing another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention. 1... Caisson, 1b... Caisson bulkhead (obstacle), 3... Traveling trolley, 6... Connection pin, 8...
Mounting shoe, 9... Guide frame, 9a... Head, 9b... Detour part, 9c... Arm part, 10
a, 10b...Mounting bracket, 11, 11a,
11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 11
g...sheave, 12...rope, 16...jacket, 18...winch, 20...grab bucket.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for excavating directly beneath an obstacle using a grab bucket cart, which comprises: a cart suspended and supported by a lifting machine; a guide frame; and a plurality of rope guide sheaves attached to the guide frame. Then, an excavation device consisting mainly of a rope, a jack, and a grab bucket is positioned above the obstacle, and the rope is routed around the obstacle from above the guide frame using the guide frame and guide sheave. A grab bucket suspended from the end of the rope is guided directly under the object, and the rope is moved up and down to operate it up and down to excavate directly under the obstacle, and the guide frame is rotated by the jack to remove the excavated earth and sand. An excavation method characterized by performing an operation of moving to the side of the obstacle to excavate directly below the obstacle. 2. A head located above the obstacle, a detour extending downward from one end of the head along the side of the obstacle, and a detour extending diagonally downward from the lower end of the detour to go around the obstacle. A guide frame is constructed of an arm part whose tip is located directly below the obstacle, and this guide frame is connected to a trolley provided above the obstacle so as to be horizontally movable. It is rotatably supported so that it can move toward and away from the side surface, and a rope guiding sheave is attached to the head, detour section, and arm section of the guide frame, and a rope for hanging the grab bucket is connected to the guide frame. The guide frame is hung on the plurality of sheaves from the upper side of the guide frame and is guided so as to bypass obstacles and extend downwardly of the arm part, while a grab bucket is supported by a rope below the arm part, and the grab bucket is attached to the detour part. An excavation device located directly under an obstacle, characterized in that a jack is attached to rotate the guide frame by contacting the side surface of the obstacle.