JPS6225656A - Roof structure using lateral shingling roof panel - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a horizontal roof made of metal steel plates, that is, a roof structure using horizontal roof plates, and a horizontal roof plate for the horizontal roof. More specifically, the anti-corrosion baking is performed by attaching nine predetermined eave-side engaging portions for mutual engagement to each end of a long metal steel plate of a predetermined width that has been painted or the like. A horizontally-roofed roof structure made of metal steel sheets, which is shaped into a horizontally-roofed roof board and is roofed by engaging and connecting a plurality of these horizontally-thatched roofing boards to each other on the eaves side and the ridge side.

In particular, this invention relates to improvements in the shape of each engaging portion between the eaves and one building side.

[Conventional technology]

Hitherto, many different types and configurations have been proposed for this type of horizontal roofing made of long metal steel plates, and among them, rain-covering roof panels have been proposed.

That is, there is active development of combination engagement part shapes intended to prevent rainwater from entering from the nine eave side retaining parts that are engaged and connected to each other.

Fig. 9 shows a conventional example of the connection shape of each engagement part on the eave side and one ridge side, which is generally adopted in such a horizontal roof board made of long metal steel plates. Shown in a), (b) and FIG.

Fig. 9(a) is a cross-sectional perspective view showing a horizontally-roofed roof board according to the first conventional example, and Fig. 9(b) is an enlarged view of the connected and engaged state of the eave-side nine building-side engaging parts of the same horizontally-roofed roof board. It is a sectional view showing
Further, FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the connected and engaged state of the nine eaves-side engaging portions of the horizontal roof board according to the second conventional example.

In each figure of these conventional examples, in the case of the first conventional example of the former, the horizontal roofing board (1) is 1. For example, a long metal steel plate of a predetermined width that has been painted or baked for rust prevention is used. Using a roll forming machine or the like, the face plate part (2) is left in the central part along the longitudinal direction, and the eave side molded part (3) is formed on the negative side of the face plate part (2), and the ridge side molded part (4) is formed on the other side. and are each continuously formed, and then cut into a predetermined unit length,
Although not shown, usually, one of the cut ends is formed with a folded connection part to the front side, and the other cut end part is formed with a folded connection part to the back side, respectively, for longitudinal connection.

Therefore, the eave side molded part (3) includes the face plate part (2).
Bend the top part (5) slightly diagonally outward and downward at a predetermined length from the side side of (7) is folded back and curved inward in an upward arc to form a folded portion (8), and the folded end is formed into an edge bent portion (8).

Further, the ridge side molded portion (4) is configured to hold the edge bent portion (8) from the other side of the face plate portion (2).
It is a hill in which the holding part (10) is bent diagonally inward and upward, and furthermore, a protruding piece part (11) is raised upward from the tip of the holding part (10), and the protruding edge (12) is made to protrude inwardly and downwardly. .

In this first conventional example, the installation is done on the rafters (
13) First, place the horizontal roofing board (1) on the eaves side, in this case the front side, with wood wool board (14) as a back-up material arranged as appropriate in the inner space. ,
For example, as is well known, it is attached with a hanger or the like, and then the next horizontally ruled roof board on the ridge side is attached to the ridge molded part (4) of the previous horizontally ruled roof board (1). The desired horizontal roof structure is obtained by engaging and connecting the eave side molded parts (3) of (1) and repeating this engagement from the eave side to the ridge side, that is, from the bottom to the top. It is.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 9(b), the front ridge side molded part (4) is fitted with the next eave side molded part (3), and the holding part (lO ) inside the folded part (8
) is inserted and engaged, and the inner surface of the falling part (8) is brought into contact with the protruding edge (12), and in this engaged and connected state, Edge bend (
9) is held in the holding part (lO), and the folded part (8
) is bent upward to form a first reduced pressure space (15) and a second reduced pressure space (18) in the holding part (lO), and the falling part (8) and the protruding piece part ( 11) A third depressurized space (17) is formed within the projecting edge (12).

In addition, in the case of the latter second conventional example, the eave side molded part (3) has a crown part (5) and a falling part (8) as described above.
is formed, and the lower end edge (7) is folded inward to form a folded part (18), and this folded end is formed as a bent part (19), and also for the ridge side molded part (4). , a holding part (10) is formed in the same manner as above, and the tip thereof is folded back to form a folded part (19), and this is bent upward to form a bent part (20),
Furthermore, the mounting is configured by extending the seat (21) on the inside, and also in this second conventional example, the holding part (10) has an edge bending part (19).
The folded part (18) including the folded part (18) is inserted and engaged, and the inner surface of the falling part (8) is abutted/connected to the tip of the folded part (19). 1
A second reduced pressure space (23) is formed above and inside the folded portion (18).

That is, as is clear from each of these conventional configurations,
The basic concept of the conventional connection structure for each engagement part on the eave side 1 ridge side is that the ridge side molded part (4) is raised from the front side face plate part (2), and the next stage side face plate part The eave side molded part (3) that is lowered from (2) is fitted and connected so that the engaging abutting part exposed to the outside is located on the surface of the face plate part (2). This is intended to prevent rainwater from entering from the engagement surfaces of the respective engaging portions and to reduce the pressure of rainwater entering into each depressurized space.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, in this conventional horizontal roof structure made of long metal steel plates, as described above, the engagement butt portions of the two eave-side and ridge-side engagement portions are located on the surface of the face plate portion. Moreover, this retaining abutting part is necessarily located at the corner of the internal corner that stands up at a right angle from the same plane plate part, so in the case of strong wind and rain, etc. As shown by the arrow in ), the wind and rain blowing up along the face plate part given the roof slope naturally concentrates on the engaging abutment part exposed at the inner corner corner. In particular, strong wind and rain pressure is applied to this engagement butt part, increasing water ingress pressure due to capillary action at the engagement butt part, and wind and rain pressure on the falling part causes the engagement to increase. With the addition of the action of pushing the butt part apart,
There is a disadvantage that the gap between the engaging and abutting portions becomes larger, further increasing the risk of water intrusion into the interior.

In addition, the strong wind and rain that blows concentratedly at the engagement butt portion is generally sand and mud.

They are often accompanied by dust, etc., and these enter the inside of the roof along with rainwater, and later flow out and stain the face plate and eventually the roof surface. Especially in cold regions, the rainwater and snowflakes that have entered can This has caused problems such as freezing and expansion, which further increases the gap between the engagement surfaces.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to effectively prevent wind and rain, as well as the intrusion of sand, mud, dust, etc., at the engagement abutment parts exposed to the outside at each engagement part on the eaves side and one building side. To provide a horizontal roof structure with an engaging part shape capable of preventing the damage, and to provide a horizontal roof plate for the dam of the horizontal roof.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the roof structure using the horizontal roofing panels and the horizontal roofing panels according to the present invention are characterized in that they are each constructed as follows. There is.

That is, first, the roof structure uses a horizontal roof board in which the eave-side molded part is lowered from one side of the central face plate, and the ridge-side molded part is raised from the other side. The folded edge of the upper part of the rising surface of the ridge side molded part raised from the ridge side, or the folded edge of the extension part connected to the rising surface, and the falling edge of the eave side molded part lowered from the horizontal roof board of the next level on the ridge side. The folded edge of the lower part of the surface or the folded edge of the extension part connected to the falling surface are brought into engagement and connected, at least at a position where this engagement butt part rises from the central face plate part, It is characterized by being configured to be exposed to the outside.

In addition, horizontal roofing sheets have a face plate part in the longitudinal center of the long metal steel plate material, an eave side molded part that is lowered down on one side of this face plate part, and a ridge side molded part that is raised on the other side. In the horizontally-roofed roof board, which has a horizontally-roofed roof, and has a ridge-side molded part on the first-stage horizontally-roofed roof board and an eave-side molded part on the first-stage horizontally-roofed roof board side to form a horizontally-thatched roof, At least the upper part of the rising surface of the ridge side molded part, or an extension part connected to the rising surface, and at least the lower part of the falling surface of the eave side molded part.

Alternatively, it is characterized in that each of the extension portions connected to the falling surface is formed with a folded edge that becomes a mutually engaging abutment portion and is exposed to the outside.

[For production]

That is, in this invention, the upper part of the rising surface of the ridge side molded part,
Alternatively, a folded edge is formed on the extension part connected to the rising surface and at least the lower part of the falling surface of the eave side molding part, or the extension part connected to the falling surface, respectively, to become a mutually engaging butting part. At least the engaging abutting part is exposed to the outside at the position where it rises from the first plate part, so wind and rain will not be exposed to the engaging abutting part between the first eave side molding part and the ridge side molding part. This prevents the risk of being hit by concentrated blows, and this prevents wind and rain, as well as sand, mud, and
This effectively prevents the intrusion of dust and the like.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, a roof structure using horizontal roofing sheets according to the present invention,
Each of the embodiments of the horizontal roof shingles will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing the roofing board according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the connected and engaged state of the eave side and one ridge side engaging part of the same roofing board. .

In the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the horizontal roofing board (31) is a long piece of a predetermined width that is coated with anti-rust baking, etc., as in the conventional configuration. Using a metal steel plate, this metal steel plate is formed by a roll forming machine or the like, leaving a face plate part (32) in the center part along the longitudinal direction, and forming an eave side molded part (33) on the - side side thereof, and an eave side forming part (33) on the other side side. On the ridge side molding part (
34) and 1 are continuously molded and cut into a predetermined unit length. Although not shown, usually,
For longitudinal welding, one of the cut ends is formed with a folded connection to the front side, and the other is formed with a folded connection to the back side.

Therefore, the eave side molded part (33) has the face plate part (3
From the -side side of 2), bend the crown part (35) slightly diagonally outward and downward at a predetermined angle, and then let the falling part (38) fall downward from the tip of the crown part (35). The lower folded edge (37) is folded inward into an upward chevron-shaped arc to form a folded curved part (38), and this folded end is formed into an edge bent part (39).

Further, the ridge side molded portion (34) includes the face plate portion (32).
A rising portion (40) is made to stand up from the other side, and the folded edge (41) of the L portion thereof is bent outward to receive the folded curved portion (3B) including the edge bent portion (39). The receptacle to be inserted is the receptacle part (42), and this receptacle is also the receptacle part (42).
Above from 42), there are two chevrons (43) and (44).
) is formed.

To assemble this first embodiment into a roof structure,
Although not shown in the drawings, similar to the conventional example, the installation is on the rafters (13) as metal fittings, and first the front horizontal roof board (31) on the eaves side is installed as a back-up material in the inner space. With the wood wool board (14) etc. arranged, attach it with hangers etc., and then attach the next side on the ridge side to the ridge side molded part (34) of this front side horizontal curtain roof board (31). The eave side molded part (33) of the step side horizontally ruled roof board (31) is formed by forming a series of rising parts (40) and falling parts (38), and forming the respective folded edges (41) and (37). ) are butted against each other, and the folded curved part (38) including the edge bent part (39) is inserted into the receiving part (42) to engage and connect, and then this joint is attached to the eaves side. The roof is raised sequentially from the ridge side, that is, from the bottom to the top, and in the assembled state, there is a first decompression space (45a) in the folded curved part (38), two chevron parts (43), (44). ) inside the second. Third decompression space (45b), (45c)
, a fourth decompression space (45d) is formed on the same outer side.

That is, in the case of the configuration of the first embodiment, each of the horizontal roof panels (31) on the front eaves side and the rear section on the one building side that are engaged and connected to each other has a structure that protects against wind and rain blowing up along the face plate portion (32). The height of the face plate part (32) as a pressure-receiving surface, and the overall rising height of the two eaves-side retaining parts (33) and (34) that are engaged and connected, are determined by a series of vertical peaks. portion (40) and the falling portion (38), and the exposed portions of both of these to the outside are the upper folded edge (41) at the rising portion (40) and the folded portion at the falling portion (38). Edge (37)
This engagement butt part (4B) corresponds to the engagement abutment part (48) with the face plate part (32) as in the conventional example.
It does not exist in internal angles that touch and stand at right angles,
It will be located in the middle of the vertical and burr pressure receiving surface as a whole.

Therefore, in the configuration of this first embodiment, the wind and rain blown up along the face plate portion (32) are
Inevitably, the concentration will be concentrated on the corner of the internal corner that stands up at a right angle from the same plane plate part (32), but in this case, the same corner is Engagement part (34)
This corresponds to the base of the rising part (40), and the wind and rain that is concentrated on the base of this rising part (40) is directed upwards because there is no engaging butt part at the base. It will bounce back and flow along the base of the riser (40) in its longitudinal direction.

That is, in this way, each retaining part (33
), for the mating butt part (4B) of (34),
The influence of wind and rain blowing up along the face plate part (32) is sufficiently alleviated, and the wind and rain blowing up from the engaging abutting part (48),
In addition, the intrusion of sand, mud, dust, etc. can be effectively eliminated.
Because wind and rain always flow concentratedly, sand and mud were deposited on the base.
After there is no accumulation of dust etc. and the wind and rain have stopped,
It also effectively prevents dirt on the roof surface from flowing out, such as sand, mud, and dust.

Further, FIGS. 3(a) to 3(h) show various modifications of the configuration of the first embodiment.

That is, in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), the folded curved portion (38) is replaced by the double folded curved portion (38a), (
38a) and the folded curved part (3
8b).

When the chevron part (44a) is used, the figure (c) shows two chevron parts (43), and when (44) is reversed, the figure (d) shows one chevron part (43) in the figure (b). , the same figure (e
), the receiver folds back the holding part (47) to the receiving part (42), and from this folded holding part (47), a projecting piece part (48a) is divided upwardly, and the mounting part (49)
When extended, (f), (g) and (h) of the same figure are similar to that of figure (e) - the protruding piece (48b) due to the deformed form,
(48c) and (48d) are respectively shown, and each of these modified examples also has the same effect as the configuration of the first embodiment.

You can get the effect.

Next, FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) show the configuration of a second embodiment, in which substantially one-stage and two-stage recessed parts (40a), respectively, are provided for the rising part (40), respectively. (40b), an extension part (40c) is extended from the turning part and joined to the folded edge (41), and the receiving part is connected to the receiving part (42).
The folded holding part (47b) is folded back, a projecting piece part (48e) is sectioned upward from this folded holding part (47b), and the part (49b) is further attached to extend.

In these second embodiment configurations, in addition to obtaining the same functions and effects as those of the first embodiment, first and second recesses (40a) are formed in the rising portion (40).

(40b) can suppress the rebound of wind and rain that is concentrated on the base of the rising portion (40), and can further promote the flow of wind and rain at the base.

Further, FIG. 5 shows the configuration of a third embodiment, in which the second embodiment shown in FIG.
In the embodiment configuration, the recessed portion (40a).

By butting the title length part (38a) of the falling part (38) against the rising part (40) forming the extension part (40c) from the eave side, that is, from the outside, a downward engaging butting part is formed. (4Ela), in addition to obtaining the same functions and effects as the configurations of the first and second embodiments,
Since the engaging abutting part (4Eia) is directed downward, wind and rain can be prevented from blowing directly into the engaging abutting part (46a), and rainwater can drain well. (48a) can be hidden from the outside to improve appearance.

Furthermore, FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the fourth embodiment, and as seen, the cape extends from the base of the rising portion (40) to the folded edge (41) and, furthermore, to the retaining abutting portion (48). In this case, in addition to obtaining the same function and effect as the configuration of the first embodiment, the presence of the concave portion (aod) can give directionality to the rebound of wind and rain. This can further promote flow and drainage.

Next, FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b) show the configuration of a fifth embodiment, and in FIG. 7(a), the rising portion (40) is
The rising portion (
40e), and in addition to obtaining the same functions and effects as the configuration of the first embodiment, the forward-slanted rise portion (
40e), similarly to the configuration of the fourth embodiment, it is possible to give directionality to the splashing of wind and rain, further promoting its flow and drainage.
In b), the falling portion (38) is also formed into a falling portion (36b) that tilts backward toward the engaging abutting portion (48), so that the engaging abutting portion (48) ) Even when wind and rain occur, the flow and drainage in the turning section can be well managed.

Finally, FIG. 8(a) shows the configuration of the sixth embodiment, in which the rising portion (4-0) is a rising portion (40f) that tilts forward similarly to the configuration of the fifth embodiment, and The lower half of the falling part (38) is tilted backward in accordance with this inclination as a falling part (3 [3c)], and these are arranged in a series. In addition to obtaining the same functions and effects as the configurations of the fourth and fifth embodiments, the series of inclination angles that tilt forward at each rising portion (40f) and falling portion (36c), especially the rising portion (40f) ), the direction of the retaining abutment part (48) intersects at an acute angle and does not match the direction of the flow of rainwater that splashes up along this forward slope. 48) can be actively prevented from flooding. In FIGS. 8(b) and 8(c), the inner side of the engaging abutting portion has a stepped structure.

In addition, in each of the above embodiments, each component after the folded edge of the falling part at the eave side engaging part and after the folded edge of the rising part at the ridge side engaging part is shown in each of the above figures. Of course, configurations other than those described above may also be arbitrarily adopted.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As detailed above, according to the present invention, a face plate part is provided at the longitudinal center of the long metal steel plate, an eaves side forming part is lowered down on one side of this face plate part, and a ridge side is raised up on the other side. Each of them has a molded part, and the eave side molded part on the horizontally ruled roof board side of the next stage is engaged and connected to the ridge side molded part on the side of the divided roof board in the previous stage to form a horizontal roof. In a roof structure configured to The extension portions connected to the lower part of the downward surface are formed with folded edges that serve as mutual engagement abutment portions, and at least the engagement abutment portions are at a position rising from the face plate portion, With this configuration, the engagement abutment between the eaves side molding and the ridge side molding is formed on the surface in contact with the face plate, that is, at the corner of the inner corner that stands directly from the face plate. Since the mating part is not positioned, unlike the conventional method,
Wind and rain blowing up along the upper surface of the face plate portion is substantially exposed to the outside at the engagement connection portion. This is the only part of the roof structure that can be completely prevented from being sprayed with concentrated water, and this prevents wind and rain from seeping into the interior of the roof structure, as well as preventing wind and rain from entering the roof structure. This effectively prevents the intrusion of sand, mud, dust, etc. caused by

In addition, the strong flow of rainwater concentrated between the internal corners of the rising section can always wash away sand, mud, dust, etc. that tend to accumulate in these corners, which prevents corrosion due to the accumulation. It can reliably prevent the progression of dirt and stains. It is also resistant to snow and prevents leakage, which is common in cold regions. Furthermore, it has excellent features such as being extremely simple in structure, easy to implement, and available at the same price as conventional methods.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing a horizontal shingled roof board according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the connected and engaged state of the eave side and one ridge side engaging portion of the same horizontal shingled roof board. FIGS. 3(a) to 3(h) are sectional views showing enlarged variations of the first embodiment, FIG. 4(a),
(b) to FIG. 8(a). (b) and (c) are enlarged cross-sectional views showing the connected and engaged states of the two eave-side and ridge-side engaging portions of the horizontal shingle roof panels according to the second to eighth embodiments; Figure (a) is a cross-sectional perspective view showing a horizontal roof board according to a first conventional example. Figure (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the connection and engagement state of the nine eave-side engaging portions of the horizontally shingled roof board, and Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the connection and engagement state of the nine eave-side engaging parts of the horizontally shingled roof board according to the second conventional example. FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a connected and engaged state of the nine eave-side engaging portions. (31)...Horizontal roof board, (32)...Face plate part, (33)...Eave side engaging part, (34)...
Ridge side engagement part. (38)... Falling part of the eave side retaining part, (38a).
... Extension part as above, (38b) ... Falling part tilting backwards, (37) ... Folding edge of falling iJ part, (
311), (38a), (38b) "" folded curved part, (39)... edge bent part. (4o) ---- [Side (fi)] Rising 4Jl, (40
a), (40b)... concave portion same as above, (40c).
... Extension part as above, (40d) ... Concave part as above, (40e) ... Rising part tilting forward, (4I)
...The folded edge of the rising part, (42)...The receiver is the receiving part, (45a), (45b), (45c), (45
d) "・" Decompression space. (48)...Engagement mating portion, (48a)...
Downward matching part. Patent applicant Suiki Shoji Ltd. May I3, 1986

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) Horizontal roofing of the front stage of the eave side using a horizontal roof board in which the eave side molding part is lowered from one side of the central face plate part and the ridge side molding part is raised from the other side. The folded edge at the top of the rising surface of the ridge-side molded section raised from the roof shingle, or the folded edge of the extension part connected to the rising surface, and the folded edge of the eave-side molded section lowered from the next horizontal roof sheet on the ridge side. The folded edge of the lower part of the falling surface or the folded edge of the extension part connected to the falling surface are brought into engagement and connected, and at least this engaging butted part is at a position rising from the central face plate part. , a roof structure using horizontal roofing boards characterized by being configured so as to be exposed to the outside. (2) A roof using the horizontal roofing board according to claim 1, characterized in that the butt edge is exposed on the side facing the eaves at a position rising from the central face plate part. structure. (3) A roof structure using horizontal roofing boards according to claim 1, wherein the rising surface of the ridge side molded portion is formed in at least one stage. (4) Claims characterized in that the rising surface of the ridge side molded part is formed with at least one or more steps of recesses, and the recesses are distanced to expose the abutting edge downward. A roof structure using the horizontal roofing board according to item 1 or 3. (5) Using the horizontal roof board according to claim 1, wherein the rising surface of the ridge side molded portion is curved in a concave shape, facing at least the butt edge. roof structure. (8) Use of the horizontal roof board according to claim 1, characterized in that the rising surface of the ridge-side molded portion faces at least the abutting edge and is inclined forward toward the eaves. roof structure. (7) The rising surface of the ridge side molding section is inclined forward toward the eaves toward at least the abutting edge, and the falling surface of the eave side molding section is formed at least toward the abutting edge toward the eaves side. A roof structure using horizontal roofing boards according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal roofing boards are formed to be tilted backward. (8) The rising surface of the ridge side molding section is tilted forward toward the eaves, and the falling surface of the eave side molding section is tilted backward toward the eaves, so that each of these surfaces forms a series of surfaces, and A roof structure using horizontal roofing boards according to claim 1, characterized in that abutting edges are exposed on the continuous surface. (9) Each of the long metal steel plates has a face plate part in the longitudinal center part, an eave side molded part that is lowered down on one side of this face plate part, and a ridge side molded part that is raised up on the other side, and the front stage In a horizontal roofing plate in which a horizontal roof is constructed by engaging and connecting a ridge side molding on the side of the horizontal roofing plate with an eave side molding on the side of the next horizontal roofing plate, at least the ridge side molding The upper part of the rising surface of the
Alternatively, the extension part connected to the rising surface and at least the lower part of the falling surface of the eave side molded part, or the extension part connected to the falling surface, are exposed to the outside as a mutually engaging abutting part. A horizontal roofing board characterized by having folded edges formed on each side. (10) The horizontal roof board according to claim 9, characterized in that the rising surface of the ridge side molded portion is formed into at least one or more stages of recesses. (11) The horizontal roof board according to claim 9, wherein the rising surface of the ridge side molded portion is curved in a concave shape at least toward the folded edge. (12) The horizontal roof board according to claim 9, characterized in that the rising surface of the ridge-side molded portion is inclined forward toward the eaves, at least toward the folded edge. (13) The rising surface of the ridge-side molded portion is formed to be inclined forward toward the eaves at least toward the folded edge, and the falling surface of the eave-side formed portion is formed to be tilted backward toward the eaves at least toward the folded edge. The horizontal roofing board according to claim 9, characterized in that the horizontal roofing board is formed. (15) The rising surface of the ridge side molding section is tilted forward toward the eaves, and the falling surface of the eave side molding section is tilted backward toward the eaves, so that each of these surfaces forms a series of surfaces. The horizontal roofing board according to claim 9, characterized by: