JPS62254366A - Off-gas purification and combustion device for fuel cell generation system - Google Patents
Off-gas purification and combustion device for fuel cell generation systemInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62254366A JPS62254366A JP61098783A JP9878386A JPS62254366A JP S62254366 A JPS62254366 A JP S62254366A JP 61098783 A JP61098783 A JP 61098783A JP 9878386 A JP9878386 A JP 9878386A JP S62254366 A JPS62254366 A JP S62254366A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- fuel cell
- scrubber
- generation system
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 40
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 36
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この発明は小形移動用電源として使用する燃料電池発電
システムのオフガス燃焼浄化装置の構成に関する。The present invention relates to the configuration of an off-gas combustion purification device for a fuel cell power generation system used as a small mobile power source.
例えばフォークリフト等に搭載する数ＫＷ級の小形燃料
電池発電システムでは通常燃料にメタノールを使用し、
メタノールを改質器で水素リッチなガスに改質した後に
燃料電池へ送り込んで発電を行うとともに、一方では燃
料電池から排出される燃料オフガスを燃焼浄化した上で
大気中に放出して環境保全を図るようにしている。この
ように燃料にメタノールを使用することにより、天然ガ
ス使用の場合と比べてその改質温度を大幅に下げること
ができる他、さらに脱硫装置、ＣＯ変成器を必要せずに
改質系の構成機器が少な（て済む等の利点がある。
ところで、前記のようにフォークリフト等の小形移動用
電源としてメタノール改質器を組み込んだ燃料電池発電
システムでは、負荷変動が激しく。
かつ発電システムに組み込んだプロア等の機械的追従性
の限界から、急激な負荷変動、あるいは燃料電池起動時
にはメタノールの不完全燃焼が生じ、燃料電池のオフガ
ス中には未燃焼水素ガス、メタノール、および中間酸化
物であるホルムアルデヒド等が混在して排出されるよう
になる。したがってこのような成分を含むオフガスを火
炎燃焼法でガス浄化しようとすると、空気に対して可燃
成分が希薄過ぎる場合には火炎燃焼が行えない等、燃焼
範囲に大きな制約を受ける。これに対して触媒燃焼法で
はオフガスの希薄燃焼も可能であり、かつその際の燃焼
温度も低温であるのでＮＯｘの生成量も少なくて済む等
の利点がある。
ところで燃料電池１例えばりん酸型燃料電池では電池の
マトリックスに電解質としてりん酸が含浸保持されてお
り、このりん酸は電池の運転に伴い蒸発、飛散して燃料
オフガスとともに電池から逸出するようになる。このた
めに燃料電池のオフガス浄化に触媒燃焼法を採用した場
合に、このままではオフガス中に混在するりん酸が触媒
バーナの触媒表面に付着して被毒し、触媒活性点へのガ
ス拡散を阻害するのみならず、触媒担体を変質させて燃
焼性能を劣化させる等の問題が派生する。
このような問題があることから、従来では燃料電池のオ
フガス浄化方式に触媒バーナを直接適用することが困難
であった。For example, small fuel cell power generation systems of several kilowatts installed on forklifts etc. usually use methanol as the fuel.
Methanol is reformed into a hydrogen-rich gas in a reformer and then sent to a fuel cell to generate electricity.At the same time, the fuel off-gas discharged from the fuel cell is burned and purified before being released into the atmosphere to preserve the environment. I'm trying to figure it out. By using methanol as fuel in this way, the reforming temperature can be significantly lowered compared to when using natural gas, and the reforming system can be configured without the need for a desulfurizer or CO shift converter. It has the advantage of requiring less equipment. By the way, as mentioned above, the fuel cell power generation system that incorporates a methanol reformer as a power source for small mobile devices such as forklifts has severe load fluctuations. Due to the limits of mechanical followability of proa, etc., incomplete combustion of methanol occurs due to sudden load fluctuations or when starting the fuel cell, and the off-gas of the fuel cell contains unburned hydrogen gas, methanol, and formaldehyde, which is an intermediate oxide. Therefore, when attempting to purify off-gas containing such components using the flame combustion method, flame combustion cannot be performed if the combustible components are too dilute compared to the air. The combustion range is severely restricted.In contrast, the catalytic combustion method allows for lean combustion of off-gas, and the combustion temperature at that time is also low, so it has the advantage of reducing the amount of NOx produced. By the way, in a fuel cell 1, for example, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, the matrix of the cell is impregnated with phosphoric acid as an electrolyte, and this phosphoric acid evaporates and scatters as the cell is operated, and escapes from the cell together with fuel off-gas. For this reason, when a catalytic combustion method is adopted to purify the off-gas of a fuel cell, the phosphoric acid mixed in the off-gas will adhere to the catalyst surface of the catalytic burner and poison it, causing gas diffusion to the catalyst active sites. This leads to problems such as not only inhibiting the combustion of fuel cells but also altering the catalyst carrier and deteriorating combustion performance. Due to these problems, conventionally it has been difficult to directly apply a catalytic burner to the off-gas purification method of fuel cells. was difficult.
この発明は上記の点にかんがみなされたものであり、燃
料電池から飛散逸出する電解質の阻害を受けることなく
メタノール改質器からの未燃メタノール、水素および中
間酸化物等の可燃成分を効率よく確実に燃焼させてガス
浄化が行えるようにした燃料電池発電システムのオフガ
ス燃焼浄化装置を提供することを目的とする。This invention was made in consideration of the above points, and is capable of efficiently removing combustible components such as unburned methanol, hydrogen, and intermediate oxides from a methanol reformer without being inhibited by electrolytes scattering and escaping from a fuel cell. An object of the present invention is to provide an off-gas combustion purification device for a fuel cell power generation system that can perform gas purification through reliable combustion.
上記目的を達成するために、この発明は本体容器内の出
口側に触媒バーナを収容配置するとともに、その上流入
口側にオフガス中に混在している電解質成分を取り除く
スクラバーを配して構成することにより、燃焼触媒の被
毒の原因となる燃料電池側から逸出する電解質を触媒バ
ーナの前段で除去し、オフガスを効率よく燃焼浄化でき
るようにしたものである。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a structure in which a catalytic burner is housed on the outlet side of the main body container, and a scrubber is disposed on the upstream inlet side of the catalytic burner to remove electrolyte components mixed in the off-gas. As a result, the electrolyte escaping from the fuel cell side, which causes poisoning of the combustion catalyst, is removed at the front stage of the catalytic burner, making it possible to efficiently burn and purify the off-gas.
第１図はこの発明の実施例によるオフガス燃焼浄化装置
の構成図、第２図は第１図の装置を組み込んだ燃料電池
発電システムの系統図を示すものであり、まず第２図に
おいて１は燃料電池、２はその前段に接続されたメタノ
ール改質器、３が燃料電池の燃料ガス排出側に接続され
たこの発明によるオフガス燃焼浄化装置であり、燃料電
池ｌから排出される燃料オフガスはオフガス燃焼浄化装
置３を通流する過程でその可燃成分が燃焼浄化されて大
気中に放出される。
ここで前記行オフガス燃焼浄化装置３の構成は第１図に
示すように、その両端にガス人口４．出口５が開口する
本体容器６と、該容器６内の出口側に収納配置された触
媒バーナ７と、触媒バーナ７の上流側にに近接して設置
したスクラバー８とから構成されている。ここで触媒バ
ーナ７はセラミックハエカムないしセラミック球体とし
ての触媒担体に高活性の白金系の燃焼触媒を担持して成
る。一方、スクラバー８は燃料電池側からオフガスに混
在して飛散して来たりん酸を触媒バーナ７の手前で化学
的反応により取り除くものであり、鉄線メツシュのスク
リーンを複数枚重ね合わせたワイヤデミスタとして成る
。
かかる構成により、燃料電池の運転時に燃料電池１の燃
料ガス室から排出されるオフガスは第２図に示したオフ
ガス燃焼浄化装置３の入口４から容器内に導入されたと
ころで、まずスクラバー８を通過する過程でオフガス中
に混在しているりん酸がワイヤデミスタと化学反応して
をり除かれる。
これによりスクラバー８を通過して触媒バーナ７に至る
オフガス中には電解質成分が含まれず、したがって触媒
はりん酸による被毒を受けることなく未燃焼メタンール
、水素、ホルムアルデヒド等の可燃成分を確実に触媒燃
焼してオフガスを確実に浄化することができるようにな
る。しかもワイヤデミスタとして成るスクラバー８は、
オフガスの整流体として触媒バーナ７へ向けてオフガス
を均等に分散配分するように働く他、さらに触媒バ−す
７に対する逆火防止材の役目を果たすので、触媒バーナ
７は局部的な過熱が生じることもなくオフガスを効率よ
く、かつ逆火を防止して安全に触媒燃焼させることがで
きる。しかもスクラバー８は触媒バーナ７とともに同じ
容器６内に組み込んで構成したので装置を小形コンパク
トに構成できる等の利点も得られる。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an off-gas combustion purification device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a system diagram of a fuel cell power generation system incorporating the device shown in FIG. A fuel cell, 2 a methanol reformer connected to the front stage thereof, and 3 an off-gas combustion purification device according to the present invention connected to the fuel gas discharge side of the fuel cell, in which the fuel off-gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 is an off-gas In the process of flowing through the combustion purification device 3, the combustible components are burned and purified and released into the atmosphere. Here, the structure of the off-gas combustion purification device 3 is as shown in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. It consists of a main container 6 with an outlet 5 open, a catalytic burner 7 housed on the outlet side of the container 6, and a scrubber 8 installed close to the upstream side of the catalytic burner 7. The catalytic burner 7 is comprised of a highly active platinum-based combustion catalyst supported on a catalyst carrier in the form of a ceramic fly cam or ceramic spheres. On the other hand, the scrubber 8 removes phosphoric acid mixed with the off-gas and scattered from the fuel cell side by a chemical reaction before the catalytic burner 7, and is used as a wire demister made by stacking multiple iron wire mesh screens. Become. With this configuration, the off-gas discharged from the fuel gas chamber of the fuel cell 1 during operation of the fuel cell is introduced into the container from the inlet 4 of the off-gas combustion purification device 3 shown in FIG. 2, and first passes through the scrubber 8. During this process, phosphoric acid mixed in the off-gas reacts chemically with the wire demister and is removed. As a result, the off-gas that passes through the scrubber 8 and reaches the catalytic burner 7 does not contain electrolyte components, so that the catalyst reliably removes combustible components such as unburned methanol, hydrogen, and formaldehyde without being poisoned by phosphoric acid. It becomes possible to reliably purify off-gas through combustion. Moreover, the scrubber 8 formed as a wire demister,
In addition to working as an off-gas regulator to evenly distribute the off-gas toward the catalytic burner 7, it also acts as a flashback prevention material for the catalytic burner 7, so that the catalytic burner 7 is locally overheated. It is possible to perform catalytic combustion of off-gas efficiently and safely by preventing backfire. Moreover, since the scrubber 8 and the catalytic burner 7 are built into the same container 6, advantages such as the ability to make the apparatus small and compact can be obtained.
以上述べたようにこの発明によれば、本体容器内の出口
側に触媒バーナを収容配置するとともに、その上流入口
側にオフガス中に混在している電解質成分を取り除くス
クラバーを配してオフガス燃焼浄化装置を構成したこと
により、燃料電池から飛散逸出する電解質が触媒バーナ
に付着して被毒するのを防止して燃料オフガスを効果的
に燃焼浄化することができる。しかもスクラバーが触媒
バーナに対して逆火防止並びにオフガスの整流作用を与
えるので安全、かつ効率よくオフガスの燃焼浄化が行え
る等の効果を奏することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, a catalytic burner is housed on the outlet side of the main container, and a scrubber for removing electrolyte components mixed in the off-gas is disposed on the upstream inlet side of the catalytic burner, thereby purifying off-gas combustion. By configuring the device, it is possible to prevent the electrolyte that scatters and escapes from the fuel cell from adhering to and poisoning the catalytic burner, thereby effectively burning and purifying the fuel off-gas. Moreover, since the scrubber provides the catalytic burner with a function of preventing backfire and rectifying off-gas, it is possible to produce effects such as safe and efficient combustion and purification of off-gas.
第１図はこの発明の実施例によるオフガス燃焼浄化装置
の構成断面図、第２図は第１図の装置を組み込んだ燃料
電池光システムの系統図である。
各図において、
１：燃料電池、２：メタノール改質器、３：オフガス燃
焼浄化装置、６：本体容器、７：触媒バーナ、８ニスク
ラバー。
ｔ、Ｉ：、””：、
・、５でシ・FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the structure of an off-gas combustion purification device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a system diagram of a fuel cell optical system incorporating the device of FIG. In each figure, 1: fuel cell, 2: methanol reformer, 3: off-gas combustion purification device, 6: main body container, 7: catalyst burner, 8 varnish scrubber. t, I:,””:, ・, 5 and shi・
Claims (1)
て大気中に放出する燃料電池発電システムのオフガス燃
焼浄化装置において、本体容器内の出口側に触媒バーナ
を収容配置するとともに、その上流入口側にオフガス中
に混在している電解質成分を取り除くスクラバーを配し
て成ることを特徴とする燃料電池発電システムのオフガ
ス燃焼浄化装置。 ２）特許請求の範囲第１項記載のオフガス燃焼浄化装置
において、スクラバーが鉄製スクリーンを重ね合わせて
構成したワイヤデミスタであることを特徴とする燃料電
池発電システムのオフガス燃焼浄化装置。[Scope of Claims] 1) In an off-gas combustion purification device for a fuel cell power generation system that burns and purifies fuel off-gas discharged from a fuel cell and releases it into the atmosphere, a catalytic burner is housed and arranged on the outlet side in the main container. An off-gas combustion purification device for a fuel cell power generation system, characterized in that a scrubber for removing electrolyte components mixed in the off-gas is arranged on the upstream inlet side of the off-gas combustion purification device. 2) An off-gas combustion purification device for a fuel cell power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scrubber is a wire demister constructed by overlapping iron screens.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61098783A JPH0624128B2 (en) | 1986-04-28 | 1986-04-28 | Fuel cell power generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61098783A JPH0624128B2 (en) | 1986-04-28 | 1986-04-28 | Fuel cell power generator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62254366A true JPS62254366A (en) | 1987-11-06 |
| JPH0624128B2 JPH0624128B2 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
Family
ID=14228964
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61098783A Expired - Lifetime JPH0624128B2 (en) | 1986-04-28 | 1986-04-28 | Fuel cell power generator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0624128B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01241761A (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-09-26 | Toshiba Corp | Phosphoric acid type fuel cell |
| WO2003010846A1 (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2003-02-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system |
| WO2005006479A1 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-20 | Nec Corporation | Fuel cell system, fuel cell operation method, and gas treatment device |
| CN100407490C (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2008-07-30 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| JP2018006066A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | System for fuel cell |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5963670A (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1984-04-11 | ユナイテツド・テクノロジ−ズ・コ−ポレイシヨン | Method and device for removing electrolyte from exhaust gas of electrochemical battery |
| JPS59115737A (en) * | 1982-12-21 | 1984-07-04 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | Catalytic combustion type reactor |
-
1986
- 1986-04-28 JP JP61098783A patent/JPH0624128B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5963670A (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1984-04-11 | ユナイテツド・テクノロジ−ズ・コ−ポレイシヨン | Method and device for removing electrolyte from exhaust gas of electrochemical battery |
| JPS59115737A (en) * | 1982-12-21 | 1984-07-04 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | Catalytic combustion type reactor |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01241761A (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-09-26 | Toshiba Corp | Phosphoric acid type fuel cell |
| WO2003010846A1 (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2003-02-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system |
| WO2005006479A1 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-20 | Nec Corporation | Fuel cell system, fuel cell operation method, and gas treatment device |
| CN100407490C (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2008-07-30 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| JP2018006066A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | System for fuel cell |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0624128B2 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
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