JPS62215795A - Mining method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a mining method suitable for mining ores, particularly high-grade ores such as uranium ore.

(Prior Art) In open pit mining of ore veins, excavation is carried out using a packet wheel excavator, a bulldozer, a shovel car, a drag line, etc. in combination with a drag line or blasting. The excavated ore (hereinafter referred to as waste) is mainly transported to a destination by transferring it from a belt conveyor or an excavator directly to a transport machine such as a dump trunk.

On the other hand, underground mining involves excavation using road headers, water jets, drills, and blasting, and the waste from this underground excavation is transported to the destination using belt conveyors and fluid transportation by slurrying. measures are being adopted.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In all of the above-mentioned mining methods, the ore is directly removed during excavation, while the waste is transferred to the transport means after excavation, or after the waste is transferred to the transport means. Because the ore comes into contact with the working environment, the ore itself scatters and floats, causing environmental pollution and deterioration. Especially when the ore contains radioactive materials such as uranium ore, the ore can cause environmental contamination and deterioration. becomes a serious problem.

This invention was made in view of the above points, and uses an excavator for mining, and transportation of waste is carried out in a sealed state, so there is no contamination of the working environment, and the remaining excavation of the ore vein is removed as much as possible. The purpose is to provide a mining method that reduces

(Means for Solving the Problems) The gist of the present invention to achieve the above object is to excavate an ore vein with an excavator, and transport waste with fluid to equipment behind the excavator in a sealed manner. After excavating a predetermined section, the empty pit after excavation is backfilled with material that can be excavated by an excavator, and veins are sequentially excavated and the empty pits are backfilled adjacent to the backfilling pit or at an appropriate pitch away. The mining method is characterized by repeatedly excavating the entire vein.

(Function) Therefore, according to the present invention, the transport of waste to the rear of the excavator is carried out in a sealed state by fluid, and the ore does not come into contact with the working environment atmosphere, eliminating contamination of the working environment. The vacant pit after excavation is once backfilled with material that can be excavated by an excavator, and then the entire vein is excavated by repeating excavation of the vein adjacent to this backfilling pit and backfilling of the vacant pit after excavation, Minimize mining residue as much as possible.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIRST EMBODIMENT FIGS. 1 to 7 show an example of horizontally excavating an ore vein,
Figure 1 is a plan view showing the excavation procedure for the ore vein, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view (longitudinal cross-sectional view) taken along the line Y-Y of Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 1.
The X-X line cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view) in the figure, Figures 4 and 5 are layout diagrams of the excavation shaft, Figure 6 is an overall view of construction using a tunnel boring machine, and Figure 7 is a flow diagram of waste transportation. be.

In this embodiment, for example, a tunnel boring machine having waste fluid transport equipment is used as the excavating machine.

That is, the waste is conveyed to equipment (storage equipment, discharge equipment, etc.) behind the excavator in a sealed state using fluid.

Also, vein A shown in the diagram has width B and length.

It is assumed that the ore has a size within a depth H and contains radioactive material.

First, as a preparatory work, as shown in Figure 1, a work space is created at a distance L0 from the vein A, where the human body will not be affected during work, as a work space necessary for carrying in work equipment and installing excavation equipment. A horizontal shaft I is formed in advance.

Excavation is started horizontally from the working horizontal shaft I to the ore vein from the position of the first shaft R using the excavator 1, and the waste is directly transferred from the excavator 1 to the rear equipment via the ore transport pipe 2. Transport by fluid. Then, as necessary, as the excavation machine 1 progresses, the segments 5 (pit wall collapse prevention material) are assembled by the assembly device 4 as shown in FIG.

When the first shaft 11 has excavated a predetermined section L+, the cutter head and machine body of the excavator 1 are reduced to a diameter smaller than the inner diameter opening of the segment 5, and the excavator 1 is moved into the working horizontal shaft ■. make them retreat.

The above-mentioned predetermined section L1 is a section in which there is no need to replace the cutter with a new one due to its wear and lifespan even if the cutter on the front of the excavator is continuously operated, that is, during excavation by the excavator 1. It is desirable that the cutter be set in a range that allows continuous operation without the operator coming out to the front of the excavator and coming into direct contact with the vein A.

In addition, the segment 5 also serves as a member to isolate the pit wall and the inside of the mine, and also serves as a material to prevent the diffusion of harmful substances from the vein A and contamination inside the mine.
The tunnel must have the minimum strength to enable excavation when excavating or reexcavating a portion of the tunnel, and the strength to prevent collapse of the tunnel wall. For example, it is made of unreinforced concrete.

After the excavation of the first tunnel I is completed and the excavator 1 retreats to the working side shaft I, the worker wears the necessary protective clothing and uses the necessary equipment to operate the cutter of the excavator 1. Perform maintenance such as replacement.

The first pit ■, which became empty after the excavator 1 retreated.

For example, the segment 5 is filled with a backfilling material made of cement mortar or the like and which can be excavated by the excavator 1 as well as the segment 5. This backfilling will be done using a concrete pump, etc.

After the excavation machine l finished preparing for re-excavation, it moved inside the work shaft ■ and started excavating the vein again, but
If the solidification of the backfilling material in the first hole (1) described above is slow and it cannot be expected to serve as a sufficient reaction ground in the excavation work of the excavator (1), it is more suitable than the first hole (It). For example, the position of the third hole ``3'' or the fourth hole ``4'' which is a certain pitch away from the second hole 1. Prior to the location, excavate using the same procedure as for drilling the first hole (1). Here again, the excavation of the predetermined section L+ is completed, and the tunnel, which has become empty due to the retreat of the excavator 1, is backfilled with backfilling material in the same manner as the first tunnel.

By repeating the above steps, as shown by the solid lines in Figures 2 and 3, when the excavation in the range from the 1st hole I to the nth hole I7 at the level of the working horizontal shaft I is completed, the next Then, the working horizontal shaft I will be expanded upward to the extent necessary for the installation of the excavator 1 and excavation work, etc., and the lower part will be backfilled, and a new working horizontal shaft ■ will be formed at the top of the working horizontal shaft I. After that, the excavator 1 is moved to this, and the excavator 1 is moved from the first shaft ■1 at the level of the working horizontal shaft ■ to the upper vein at the level of the working horizontal shaft ■ which has completed the excavation described above. Excavation is carried out using the same procedure as in the area of the n-th hole IR, and when the excavation at the level of this working horizontal shaft ■ is completed, a new working horizontal shaft is created above this working horizontal shaft ■. ②... will be formed one after another and excavation will be carried out at each horizontal shaft level.

After excavating and backfilling the ore vein in the first section L1, at the end (front end) of the first section L1, as shown by the dotted line in Fig. 1, A new working horizontal shaft 1' is formed corresponding to the working horizontal shaft I, the excavator 1 is moved there, and in this second section L2, the mine is penetrated by the same procedure as the first section L1. Excavation is performed, and when the excavation of the second section L2 is completed, the necessary sections are sequentially excavated to mine ore from the entire area of the vein A.

In addition, the series of operations and operations of the excavating machine accompanying the above-mentioned excavation work should be performed from a separate control room on the machine side, taking into account the safety of the workers, or from the control room installed in the work shaft. Conducted from the room.

Also, considering the excavation method (arrangement of excavated pits) shown in Figure 4, it is a method of excavating some of the backfilling pits that have already been excavated, and in this case, some of the backfilling material in the backfilling pits is Although it is included in the waste, all of the effective ore in the vein can be mined.

In the excavation method shown in Figure 5, the excavation is performed while leaving an unexcavated area, and the backfilling material used to backfill the empty pit after excavation is not duplicated and the entire area is effectively removed. It is treated as a mineral to improve construction efficiency. However, it is necessary to ensure that the unexcavated portion does not have a negative impact on humans as the entire ore vein is sequentially excavated.

Now, the transport of waste from excavator 1 to the rear of the excavator is carried out by the 7th
As shown in the figure, pressurized water is supplied from the water tank 6 to the front side of the excavator via the water supply pipe 3 by the water supply pump 7.
A suction pump 8 (if necessary, multiple relay pumps 8' are installed in the middle of the waste transport pipe 2) together with the excavated waste lJMc.
), the waste storage tanks 91 to 9. are provided at the rear of the excavator via the waste transport pipe 2. , stored in . Here, storage tank 9. After the storage tanks 9□ to 97 are full, the storage is sequentially switched to storage tanks 9□ to 97.
．． The waste from ~9n is sent to the processing facility by separate transportation.

Second Embodiment FIGS. 8 to 11 show an example in which a vein is excavated vertically. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the excavation procedure for the vein to be mined, and FIG. 9 is a The X-ray cross-sectional view (longitudinal cross-sectional view) and Fig. 1θ are an overall view of construction using a vertical excavator (vertical excavator), and Fig. 11 is a flow diagram of waste transportation.

In this embodiment, as in the case of the first embodiment, the excavator has fluid transportation equipment for waste, and the waste is transported by fluid to equipment behind the excavator (storage equipment, discharge equipment, etc.) in a sealed state. send

Also, vein A shown in the diagram has width B and length.

° It is assumed that the ore is of a size within a depth of 11 and contains radioactive material.

First, as a preparatory work, as shown in Fig. 9, the work equipment is transported to a place where the working environment is a distance L6 within the range where the diffusion and contamination of harmful substances from the mine A can be avoided and where the human body will not be affected during the work. Work space 1 required for installation of excavation equipment, etc.
1 is formed in advance by cutting and cutting from the ground.

As shown in FIG. 8 from this working space (2), excavation is started perpendicularly to the vein A from the position of the first pit 11 by the excavator 1.

At the same time, as shown in Fig. 1O, the waste is lifted up from the excavator 1 directly with the fluid by the suction pump 8 provided in the excavator 1 through the waste transport pipe 2, and the fluid is replenished from the upper working space I, Water supply pump 7 from water supply tank 6 installed in
Pressurized water is supplied while maintaining the minimum water level in the mine necessary for transporting waste (for example, while detecting it with the level detector 10 shown in FIG. 11).

Here, as needed, segments 5 (pit wall collapse prevention material) are assembled by the assembly device 4 as shown in FIG. 10 as the excavation machine 1 progresses.

stand up

Further, a relay pump 8' shown in FIG. 11 is appropriately added in the middle of the waste transport pipe 2 depending on the transport distance of the waste and the pressure loss.

1st Pit 1. When the excavation at the position reaches the lower end of the vein, the cutter head and machine body of the excavator 1 are reduced to a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the segment 5,
Raise the excavator 1 to the work space ■.

As described above, after excavating the first pit 1+, the excavator l moves into the working space 1. After being pulled up, the worker wears the necessary protective clothing and performs maintenance such as replacing the tassel of the excavator 1 using the necessary equipment.

The first pit 1, which became an empty pit after the excavator 1 was pulled up. For example, the segment 5 is filled with a backfilling material made of cement mortar or the like and which can be excavated by the excavator 1 as well as the segment 5. This backfilling will be done using a concrete pump, etc.

After finishing preparations for re-excavation, the excavator 1 moves into the working space 1. and began excavation work on vein A again, but
If the solidification of the backfilling material in the backfilled first pit 1 described above is slow and it cannot be expected to serve as a sufficient reaction ground during the excavation work of the excavator i, then the first pit 11 For example, the position of the third hole I3 or the fourth hole 4 is placed at an appropriate pitch away from the first hole I before the position of the second hole 2.

Excavation is carried out in the same manner as in the first excavation, and the tunnel that has become empty after the excavation machine 1 is pulled up is backfilled with backfilling material in the same manner as the first tunnel.

The above procedure is repeated to excavate the entire vein in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

Generally, the depth H to the vein is the depth that allows excavation without replacing the cutter at the tip of the vertical excavator, and as a general rule, the cutter cannot be replaced during excavation (due to wear, life, etc.). There is no need to replace the cutter, and the cutter can be replaced in the work space ■.

In addition, like the first embodiment, the segment also serves as a member that separates the pit wall and the inside of the mine, but after excavation, the inside of the mine is backfilled, and when a part of it is re-excavated, the segment has sufficient strength to allow excavation and prevention of collapse of the mine wall. For example, it may be made of unreinforced concrete.

Third Embodiment Figures 12 and 13 show an example in which a vein is excavated vertically in the same way as the second embodiment. Figure 12 is an overall view of the construction using a laser polling machine, and Figure 13 is the flow of waste transportation. It is a diagram.

In this embodiment, an upper working space I and a lower working space Ib' are formed away from the vein A by a distance L0 from the upper and lower ends of the vein that will not affect the human body during work.

As in the second embodiment, the upper working space 5 is formed by cutting or a horizontal shaft underground, and the lower working space Ib' is formed by a horizontal shaft underground.

On the side of the upper working space I, there is a drive source 1 for the machine body 1°.
b is installed, and on the side of the lower working space Ib' is a stone crushing unit 11 equipped with a hopper for receiving waste and a crushed stone crusher for transporting waste fluid and for reducing large diameter gravel to an appropriate gravel diameter.
．． The suction pump 8, waste transport pipe 2, waste storage tanks 91 to 97, water supply pump 7, water supply pipe 3, water supply tank 6, etc. are installed.

The procedure for drilling into the vein is the same as in the second embodiment, but in this embodiment, it is necessary to drill a pilot hole. The waste Mc falling downward is crushed by a crusher in the stone crushing unit 1-11 into a size that can be transported by fluid, and is transported through the waste transport pipe 2 by the suction pump 8.

Waste storage tank9. The waste stored in tanks 97 to 97 is transported to the ore processing facility by transport means provided separately for each tank.

On the other hand, the water in the water supply tank 6 is passed through the water supply pipe 3 by the water supply pump 7, and is passed through the level detector I installed in the stone crushing unit 11.
The stone is guided to the stone crushing unit 11 by detecting the level of O.

The relay pump 8' shown in the figure is added as appropriate depending on the transportation distance of waste and pressure loss, and the water supply pump 7' is added as needed depending on the length of the pressure-feeding pipe and pressure loss.

In this way, the empty pit after excavation from the lower working space ■, 1 side to the upper working space I, side toward the vein is backfilled with backfilling material as in the second embodiment, Further, mining is carried out over the entire area of the vein using the same procedure as in the second embodiment.

(Effects) As described in the above embodiments, in this invention, a horizontal or vertical excavator is equipped with equipment for transporting waste by fluid, and waste is transported in a sealed manner from the excavator to the waste processing equipment. Since the ore is transported by means, there is no scattering or floating of the ore, the diffusion of harmful substances from the ore can be prevented, the work environment is less contaminated, and work safety and hygiene can be achieved.

In addition, when excavating a mineral vein, the empty pit that has already been excavated is backfilled with material that can be excavated by an excavator.
Since the excavation is carried out adjacent to this, it is possible to mine all of the ore throughout the vein, which is particularly advantageous if the ore contains valuable ore components.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 1 to 7 show the first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the excavation procedure for an ore vein, and FIG. Y-line cross-sectional view, (
(Longitudinal cross-sectional view) Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of Figure 1 (cross-sectional view), Figures 4 and 5 are layout diagrams of the excavation shaft, Figure 6 is an overall diagram of construction using a tunnel boring machine, Fig. 7 is a flowchart of waste transportation, Figs. 8 to 11 show the second embodiment, Fig. 8 is a plan view showing the excavation procedure for the vein, and Fig. 9 is the X - An X-ray cross-sectional view (longitudinal cross-sectional view), Figure 10 is an overall view of construction using a vertical excavator (vertical excavator), Figure 11 is a flow diagram of waste transportation, and Figures 12 and 13 are the third embodiment. Fig. 12 is an overall view of construction using a lathe polling machine, and Fig. 13 is a flow diagram of waste transportation. A... Mineral vein, B... Width, L... Length, ■...
Depth, 1, n, m... horizontal shaft for work! ,
-1n...1st pit to nth pit, L1 to Ln...section,
D... Inner diameter of segment, Mc... Misalignment, l...
Excavator, 2... Waste transport pipe, 3... Water supply pipe, 4...
・Assembling equipment, 5... segments (mine wall collapse prevention material),
6... Water supply tank, 7... Water supply pump, 8... Suction pump, 9... Waste storage tank, 10...
Level detector, 11... stone crushing unit.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) An excavator excavates an ore vein, excavates a predetermined section while transporting the excavated ore with fluid in a sealed state to equipment behind the excavator, and fills the empty pit with material that can be excavated by an excavator. A mining method characterized by excavating the entire ore vein by repeatedly excavating the ore vein and backfilling the empty pit in a position adjacent to the backfilling pit or at an appropriate pitch apart. (2) The mining method according to claim 1, wherein the length of the predetermined section is set within a range in which a cutter head of an excavator can continuously excavate.