JPS62164918A - Leveling work of slope under water - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To level off and slightly compact a slope without operations under water by a method in which a leveler having a blade and rollers is hung from a ship, and a rope is sent out as the ship moves to move the leveler along the slope. CONSTITUTION:Many downward blades 31 are provided in parallel on the downside of the front edge of a frame 30 of triangular cross section. Plural rollers 32 are provided to the rear of the frame 30 to obtain a leveler A for rubble slope under water. A rope 7 from a ship S is attached to the frame 30 and lowered to the slope of rubble B under water. The ship S is moved to the direction of arrows and the rope 7 is paid out. Whereupon, the leveler A moves along a design line C. The rubble B can thus be leveled off by the blades 31 and compacted by the rollers 32.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for leveling the slope of foundation rubble, etc. after dredging when constructing a caisson quay, a breakwater, etc.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

In recent years, offshore construction work has become larger and requires work to be carried out at great depths, and is being carried out in sea areas under severe weather and sea conditions, and there is a need to shorten the construction period through rapid construction. . As shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5゜-61O7, the leveling after dredging, the top (horizontal surface) leveling of replacement sand, foundation rubble, etc., which is a part of this marine construction work, is a
Although mechanization has been put into practical use, the leveling of these slopes still relies on divers.

Slope leveling by divers is extremely inefficient and costly, and there is a problem that there is an absolute shortage of divers and the number of divers is aging. In particular, work by divers in deep water of 20 m or more poses problems in terms of safety and work efficiency.

[Purpose of the invention]

With the above points in mind, the present invention aims to level underwater slopes mechanically by operation from the hull of a ship at sea.

[Means for achieving the object and its operation] In order to achieve the above object, in the first invention, the hull is disposed so as to be movable only in a direction orthogonal to the lateral direction of the underwater slope, and A leveling machine with a large number of downward blades arranged in parallel on the lower front edge of a quadrilateral frame and a roller behind it is suspended above the slope by a rope that can be wound up and let out from the hull. , while moving the hull downwards on the slope, the rope is let out to maintain the leveling machine at the desired slope height of the slope, and slides on the slope using its own weight; In addition to pushing out rubble and embankment, the rollers also push out floating stones, embankments, etc.
The unevenness was shaped by rolling down the rising stones, etc., and then the hull was moved at required intervals across the entire length of the slope, and the unevenness was shaped at each of the moving positions.

With this configuration, the leveling machine descends straight down on the slope as the ship moves to smooth out the unevenness, and this unevenness shaping is carried out over the entire length of the slope in the lateral direction, thereby leveling the slope. only.

A second invention is the first invention in which the leveling machine is moved onto the slope by an operation on the ship's hull, and a second invention is the first invention in which a lead rope supporting the leveling machine is moved onto the slope by an operation on the hull. Guided to the hull via an anchor installed on the shoulder or tail of the slope,
By winding up this rope, we added a structure that allows the leveling machine to be moved above or below the slope.

With this configuration, the leveling machine can be moved reliably and the slope surface can be leveled in the same manner as in the first invention.

The third invention is such that the leveling machine is moved onto the slope by operation on the ship body by means different from the second invention, and in the first invention, the leveling machine is moved onto the slope by means different from the second invention. The rope is set at the bow or stern, and a reed lobe that can be wound and unwound from the stern or bow on the opposite side is fixed to the leveling machine, and by winding up this rope, the leveling machine is moved upwards on the slope. We have added a configuration to do this.

With this configuration, similarly to the second aspect of the invention, the leveling machine can be moved reliably to level the slope.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described based on the accompanying drawings.

First, the leveling machine used in this invention may be the one shown in the above publication, but since it slides on the slope ((IJI slope)), the one shown in Figs. 7 to 13 is used. The leveling machine A shown in Figs. 7 to 10 has a frame 30 in the form of a horizontal triangular prism frame with a triangular longitudinal section, and has a number of downward blades 31 arranged in parallel on the lower surface of the front edge thereof, and a leveling roller behind the frame 30. Each leveling roller 32 is rotatably mounted on an arm 33 that is swingably supported by a frame 30, as shown in FIG.
It can swing relative to the frame 30 while rotating. Further, each roller 32 and blade blade 31 are connected by each link 34 as shown in FIGS. 7 and 10, and each link 34 is rotatable and movable in the length direction via a bin and a long hole. The rollers 32 are connected to each other so that the rollers 32 swing in relation to each other.

At the four corners of the front surface of the frame 30, hooks 35 are provided for locking an auxiliary lead chain 11, which will be described later.On the other hand, hooks 36 are provided at the four corners of the top surface for locking a hanging lobe 7, which will be described later. By suspending the frame 30 at four points via the hooks 36, the frame 30 is brought into a state in which the upper surface is substantially horizontal and the lower surface is inclined along the underwater slope, as shown in FIG.

Further, the leveling machine A shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 has a large number of downward blades 41 provided in parallel on the front edge of a flat horizontal rectangular substrate 40, and a leveling roller 4.
Two support rods 43 are rotatably supported. Support rod 4
A ring 44 is fixed to the rear end of the support rod 4 by inserting a pin 44' into the base plate 40 through the ring 44.
3 is locked to the substrate 40, and the vertical movement of the roller 42 is prevented.

If the roller 42 is not locked, there is no need to provide the ring 44; the inside of the roller 42 is hollow and a ballast steel rod 46 is used.
is added to give the desired weight, and a drain hole 45 is formed in the side surface.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a box 47 is provided on both sides of the rear of the board 40, and a coil spring 48 is housed in this box 47, and the support rod 43 is biased downward by this spring 48. Ru. The support rod 43 is rotatably provided with a mouth 4S passing through the spring 48 and the box 47 via a clamping piece 49', and a coil spring 50 and a washer are attached to the protruding portion of the rod 49 from the box 47. 5
1 is movably fitted, and a stopper 52 is provided at its tip. The spring 50 acts to slow down the downward movement of the support rod 43 caused by the spring 48, and when the ring 44 and the support rod 43 are disengaged, the spring 48 will release the support rod 43 as shown by the chain line in FIG. , the rod 49 moves downward until the spring 50 is fully compressed, the roller 42 descends, and the roller 42
The roller 42 moves up and down due to the expansion and contraction of the spring 48 against the unevenness of the transfer surface (slope surface) - and moves smoothly. In addition,
The clamping piece 49' is supported by the support rod 43 so as to be movable and tiltable in the length direction of the support rod, and this movement and inclination facilitates the rotation and vertical movement of the support rod 43 and the rod 49. I have to.

Arm pars 53 are provided at both front ends of the base plate 40 so as to be rotatable up and down and left and right, and a lead lobe 18, which will be described later, is engaged with the arm pars 53. arm par 53
A shackle 54 is suspended between the blade blade 41 and the blade blade 41 to reinforce the blade blade 41. On the other hand, substrate 4
At the four corners of the upper surface of 0, hooks 55 for locking hanging lobes 7, which will be described later, are provided.
0 is hung at four points.

Leveling machine A is configured as described above, and this leveling machine A
This method is used to level underwater slopes, and the leveling method will be described below.

First, to explain FIGS. 1 and 2, which are an embodiment of the first invention, the hull S is positioned on the slope C of the foundation rubble B for the caisson quay so that it is perpendicular to the lateral direction of the slope C. 1.1.2.2 with two lobes each at the bow and stern.
Fix it with. If a caisson D etc. is constructed on the foundation rubble B, the lobe 1.1 should be secured to this caisson D etc. (dotted line); if there is no such structure, the lobe 1.1 should be secured to the caisson D etc.
．． 2 is used as an anchor lobe to be anchored to the seabed. Each port 1.1.2.2 can be wound up and unwound by an auto-tension winch 3.3.4.4 that operates continuously, and by this winding and unwinding, the hull S is It moves only in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction of B (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1). Further, a rope 5 for measuring horizontal movement distance extending straight ahead is wound around a winch 6 at the bow of the ship, and this rope 15 is anchored to the caisson D or the seabed.
The horizontal movement distance of the hull S is measured by the amount of winding and unwinding. In addition, since the horizontal movement distance of the hull S can also be measured by winding and pulling out the rope 1.2, the rope 1.
5 is not necessarily required.

At the bow, there is a winch 8 with a row 17 for hanging the level aA.
is provided, and the leveling machine A moves up and down as the winch 8 winds up and lets out. The winch 8 is interlocked with the horizontal movement measurement winch 6, and moves the leveler 8IA up and down in response to the winding and unwinding of the winch 6 so that it is located at the desired slope height of the slope C. controlled.

The leveling machine A normally uses a wire 10 of a fully rotating hoist 9.
The height is adjusted by the hanging wire 7 only during the leveling operation. In addition, an auxiliary lead chain 11 fed out from the stern is locked to the leveling machine A, and when the leveling machine A is unable to move on the slope C due to large irregularities, etc., this chain 11 can be wound up. gives a moving force to the averaged mA.

This embodiment is constructed as described above, and in order to level the slope C, first, as shown in FIG. 1, the rope 1. 1.2.2,
The hull S is arranged to be movable only in the direction orthogonal to the lateral direction of the slope C, and the row 1 for horizontal movement distance measurement is
5 will be placed.

From this state, the leveling machine A is lowered onto the slope C by the hoist 9, the wire 10 is loosened so that its pulling force does not act, and the leveling machine A is supported by the hanging row 17. Next, as shown by the chain line in Figure 1, the rope 1
．． 1.2.2 is wound up and unrolled to move the hull S backward (in a direction perpendicular to the lateral direction of the slope C),
When the leveling machine A is maintained at the desired slope height of the slope C and the rope 7 is let out in an almost straight downward state, the leveling machine A moves on the slope C due to its own weight, and the blade blade 31
The rollers 32 push out rubble, embankment, etc., and furthermore, the rollers 32 roll down floating stones, rising stones, etc. to shape the unevenness.

This unevenness shaping is repeated until a slope C with desired unevenness is obtained.

Therefore, it is preferable to start leveling from the part higher than the planned slope height, gradually lower the leveling JaA and repeat sliding extrusion to make the slope C the planned slope slope.

During this action, if the slope C (unevenness) formed by the feeding is large (very uneven) or if the leveling machine A stops extruding, the auxiliary lead chain 11
Wind it up and move it backwards to the leveling machine.

If the slope C of the width (left and right width in Figure 8) is shaped unevenly by the leveling iA due to the above action, the hull S is moved by the width in the lateral direction of the slope C (vertical direction in Figure 2). After that, they are placed in the same manner as described above, and thereafter they are moved to the leveling machine and leveled in the same manner.

The above operations are carried out over the entire length of the slope C in the lateral direction, thereby shaping the unevenness of the entire slope C and leveling the slope.

Although the above-mentioned operation is performed on the slope C on the left side in FIG. 1, leveling is also performed on the slope C on the right side in the same way.

Next, referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 showing an embodiment of the second invention, this embodiment is such that a moving force is applied to the leveling machine A from a ship using a rope, The same reference numerals as above indicate the same parts, and a weight anchor 12 with a spike is arranged and fixed at the bottom of the slope. This anchor 12 is lowered and placed from the hull S via a wire 13,
The wire 13 is given appropriate slack in consideration of the movement range of the hull S.

A fixed pulley 14 is provided on the anchor 12, and a movable pulley 15 is provided on the leveling gIA, and a lead wire 16 fixed to the anchor 12 is wound around the winch 17 at the bow via the movable pulley 15 and the fixed pulley 14. This winding of the wire 16 causes the leveler to move toward the anchor 12.

This embodiment operates in the same way as the previous embodiment, except that the wire 16 is wound up as the ship body S moves, and the leveling machine A is moved using this winding force to perform leveling. Only surface C is leveled. In addition, the wire 16
The winding of the rope corresponds to the amount of payout of the hanging rope 7.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, the anchor 12 is placed at the bottom of the slope, but it may also be placed at the shoulder of the slope and the leveling machine is moved upward to level the anchor 12. In this case, the hanging rope 7 will be gradually wound up.

Furthermore, referring to FIGS. 5 and 6 showing an embodiment of the third invention, similar to the above-mentioned embodiment, the leveling machine A
The movable force is applied by a rope from onboard the ship, but since the leveling aA is pulled directly from the ship, it can only be moved upwards. Therefore, as shown in the figure,
It has a structure in which a rope 18 that can be wound up and let out from the bow of the ship, which is opposite to the stern from which the leveling aA is suspended, is led to the leveling RA.

In this embodiment, as in the previous embodiment, the slope C is leveled by winding the row 118 and moving the leveling mA in accordance with the winding amount of the rope 7.

In addition, in the figure, 1S is a hoist for handling rubble stones, and when the condition of unlanding due to loading is extremely high, the top of the unlanding is scooped up with the packet of this hoist Ja1S and loaded onto the hull S. If it is low, throw in the rubble on the hull S.

This hoist 1S can also be employed in the first and second embodiments described above.

In each embodiment, if each rope 7, 16, 18, etc. is wound up and let out using two winches, the amount of winding and unwinding will interfere with each other and will be balanced and accurate.

Further, the hull S may have its stern facing the slope shoulder side instead of having the bow facing the slope shoulder side as in each of the embodiments, that is, it goes without saying that it may be oriented in the opposite direction.

Furthermore, during leveling work, self-propelled propulsion force can also be used to move the hull S.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The present invention is configured as described above, and the underwater slope is leveled mechanically by operation from the hull of a ship at sea, so that work can be carried out safely and efficiently even on large slopes and in deep water.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 to 6 are schematic diagrams of the underwater slope leveling method according to the present invention, and Figures 1, 3, and 5 are front views, and Figures 2 and 4 are
, Fig. 6 is a plan view, Fig. 7 is a side view of an example of the leveling machine, Fig. 8 is a plan view of Fig. 7, Fig. 9 is a partially enlarged front view of Fig. 7, and Fig. 10 is a side view of an example of the leveling machine. Figure 7 is a partially enlarged plan view, Figure 11 is a front view of the other side of the leveling machine, Figure 12 is a right side view of Figure 11,
1 and 3 are partially cutaway plan views of FIG. 11. A: Leveling machine, B: Basic rubble, C.
...Slope, D...Caisson, S...
...Hull, 7... Hanging robe, 12...
...Anchor, 13.16.18...Wire. Figure 1 Figure 3 Figure 2 Figure $4

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) The hull is arranged so as to be movable only in a direction orthogonal to the lateral direction of the underwater slope, and a large number of downward blades are provided in parallel on the lower surface of the front edge of a planar quadrilateral frame, and a roller is provided behind it. The leveling machine is suspended above the slope by a rope that can be wound up and let out from the hull, and the hull is moved downward from the slope, and the rope is let out to move the leveling machine onto the slope. It slides on the slope using its own weight while maintaining the desired height of the slope, and the blade plate pushes out rubble, embankment, etc., and the roller rolls floating stones, rising stones, etc. to shape the unevenness. An underwater slope leveling method characterized in that the hull is moved at desired intervals over the entire length in the lateral direction of the slope, and the unevenness shaping action is performed at each of the moved positions. (2) The hull is arranged so that it can move only in a direction perpendicular to the lateral direction of the underwater slope, and a large number of downward-facing blades are installed in parallel on the lower surface of the leading edge of a planar quadrilateral frame, and a roller is installed behind it. The leveling machine is suspended above the slope by a hanging rope that can be wound up and let out from the hull, and the lead rope that supported the leveling machine is attached to an anchor installed at the shoulder or tail of the slope. The lead rope is guided to the ship's hull through the rope, and the ship's body is moved in the orthogonal direction, and the hanging rope is wound and let out to maintain the leveling machine at the desired slope height of the slope. The blade plate is used to roll up and unwind the surface of the slope, and the blade plate pushes out rubble and embankment, while the rollers are used to compact floating stones, raised stones, etc. to shape the unevenness. An underwater slope leveling machine, characterized in that it moves at required intervals over the entire length of the surface in the lateral direction, and performs the unevenness shaping action at each movement position. (3) The hull is arranged so that it can move only in a direction perpendicular to the lateral direction of the underwater slope, and a large number of downward blades are provided in parallel on the lower surface of the front edge of the planar quadrilateral frame, and a roller is provided behind it. The leveling machine is suspended above the slope by a hanging rope that can be wound up and let out from the bow or stern of the ship, and the leveling machine is wound up from the stern or bow, which is the opposite side of the bow or stern from which it was suspended.・A lead rope that can be paid out is fixed to the leveling machine, and the hull is moved upwards of the slope, and the hanging rope is wound up and the leveling machine is moved to the desired slope height of the slope. The lead rope is wound up on board the ship and slid upward on the slope while maintaining the same condition, and the blade plate pushes out rubble, embankment, etc., and the rollers roll down floating stones, rising stones, etc. to make it unland. 1. An underwater slope leveling method characterized in that after shaping, the hull is moved at required intervals over the entire length in the lateral direction of the slope, and the unevenness shaping action is performed at each moved position.