JPH09315381A - Shipway for manufacturing caisson - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shipway for manufacturing a caisson which can prevent the inclination of the ship at the time of floating up the caisson, and facilitate a steady shipway dropping work, and make a side wall smaller, and moreover simply carry out storing mooring in a short time. SOLUTION: A shipway is equipped with at least three pieces of spuds which are severally elevatably supported at least three spots on the peripheral edge of a shipway 1 and an elevating device 8 for elevating each spud 7. During a shift, the lower and of the spud 7 is lifted up higher than the bottom of a water, and the spud 7 is pierced there at a desired position for mooring the shipway 1. When a ballast water is poured into the shipway 1 after mooring, the shipway drops in a state where the shipway 1 is supported on the bottom of the water through the spud 7, and the inclination of the shipway 1 due to the balance collapse of the center of gravity can therefore be prevented.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a caisson-manufacturing barge, and in particular, prevents the barge from tilting when the barge is submerged when the caisson floats, and allows stable barge sinking work and sidewalls. The present invention relates to a caisson manufacturing berth that can be made small and can easily and strongly moor in a short time.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a caisson production pontoon is provided with a work deck having an upper surface of a rectangular or square pedestal body in plan view, and sidewalls raised on both port sides of the work deck. It is moored to the quay by hanging the mooring line extended from the pier and the pier on the quay side to the land bit and inserting the anchor from the pier and pier on the opposite side.

Then, the cranes provided on the sidewalls are used to load the formwork, and materials such as rebar and concrete are carried in to make caisson. After removing the formwork and carrying it to the quay by the crane, It is pulled by a tugboat and circulated to a prescribed water area.

When a predetermined water area is reached, anchors are inserted from the four corners of the barge to perform so-called four-point mooring, and ballast water is injected into the barge to sink the barge body into the water. At the time of the sinking of the ship, the anchors on all four sides are appropriately wound by the winch to prevent the ship from moving.

When the pedestal sinks to some extent, the caisson floats above the work deck, and the floating caisson is pulled out of the berth and settled at a predetermined position. The emptied barge is re-floated by draining ballast water and is circulated to the quay in preparation for the next caisson.

[0006]

By the way, there are various shapes of caisson manufactured on a caisson manufacturing carrier, and the height of the center of gravity and the position in plan view are different. For this reason, when the buoyancy of the pontoon is reduced when the pontoon sinks, the balance of the center of gravity as a whole is lost, and the pontoon may be inclined, and in an extreme case, the cap may even be capsized.

[0007] Such capsizing of the pontoon catches a sign of poor balance, and the amount of water injected into the ballast is made different, for example, on both the left and right sides or on the side of the bow and on the side, or by partially discharging the ballast. The buoyancy center position that acts is adjusted to prevent it.

However, in this method, the amount of injected ballast water or the amount of discharged water is limited. Therefore, if a sign of deterioration of the balance is overlooked, the balance may be rapidly deteriorated and the caps may not be prevented.

In order to prevent the inclination of the hull at the time of sinking of the pontoon, it is effective to enlarge the side wall to increase its buoyancy. However, if the side wall is enlarged, the weight of the hull becomes heavier and There are problems such as the effect of the wind being received becomes large.

Therefore, the floating body is supported so as to be able to move up and down at each of the four corners of the barge, and the sign of the deterioration of the balance is captured, and the floating body on the side of the large sinking is pushed into the water to compensate the buoyancy, thereby tilting the barge. I tried to prevent it, but even in this case, the weight of the hull becomes heavy and it is not possible to raise and lower a large floating body rapidly, so there is a risk that the operation of the floating body will overturn after the balance is deteriorated. I found that there was a problem.

In addition, in any of the above cases, there is a problem that the position of the pontoon moves depending on the winding amount of each anchor chain when the pontoon sinks. In view of the above circumstances, the present invention prevents the inclination of the pontoon when the caisson is levitated, can perform stable pedestal sinking work, can reduce the sidewall, and can easily and powerfully moor in a short time. The purpose is to provide a barge for caisson production.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a caisson manufacturing pontoon according to the present invention is provided with at least three spuds which are respectively liftably supported at at least three locations on the periphery of the pedestal 1. 7 and an elevating device 8 for elevating each spud 7.

According to the present invention, at least three spuds 7 are lowered by the elevating device 8 and pierced into the bottom of the water at a predetermined position on the shore or offshore, so that the pontoon 1 can be strongly positioned at a desired position in a short time. It can be moored with various mooring forces.

With respect to the ups and downs of the water bottom, the ship 1 can be held horizontally by adjusting the amount of elevation of each spud 7, and the water surface can be raised or lowered while the ship 1 is held horizontally. When there is a tide (when there is a tide), the pontoon 1 moves up and down with respect to each spud 7 to maintain the level, and damage due to waves such as during a typhoon can be avoided. Further, if the ship 1 is lowered horizontally with respect to the spuds 7 while injecting ballast water after the ship 1 is held horizontally, the ship 1 settles on the spot while keeping the ship horizontal. .

Even if the balance of the center of gravity is lost and the load shared by each spud 7 fluctuates as the sinking of the pontoon 1 progresses, it is possible to adjust the amount of elevation of each spud 7 within a certain range.
Does not tilt. However, when the balance of the center of gravity is lost and the load on any of the spuds 7 increases above a certain level, the spuds 7 may plunge deeper into the bottom of the water, and the ship 1 may tilt. In this case, it is detected that the barge 1 has begun to incline, for example, by a stutter meter or an inclinometer, and the spud 7 on the deeper subsidence of the barge 1 is lowered, or at the same time as the ballast water injection amount of each tank. It is possible to prevent the pontoon 1 from inclining more than a certain amount, and further to recover the horizontal level of the pontoon 1.

Here, when the load balance begins to break down, the spud 7 is pushed down with a slight force, for example, a force of about 5 to 10 tons for a 10,000 ton class ship, as compared with the state where the deterioration of the load balance has progressed. This allows the inclination of the pontoon to be corrected. Also, compared to ballast water injection,
The elevating device 8 can be made to respond rapidly, and the inclination of the hull can be reliably corrected before the deterioration of balance progresses.

Moreover, the weight of the barge 1 and the caisson 4 can be received by the bottom of the water via the spud 7, regardless of the buoyancy of the sidewall 5, so that the sidewall 5 can be made smaller.

The spuds may be arranged outside the peripheral edge of the pontoon, but it is preferable to arrange them so as to penetrate the peripheral edge of the pontoon so as to reduce the resistance during rounding. That is,
It is recommended to vertically pass through at least three through-holes through which spuds are inserted, and to insert one spud in each of the through-holes so that the spuds can be moved up and down.

Further, the number of spuds may be three or more, and it is not hindering to provide five or more spuds, but in consideration of the fact that the plan view of the pontoon is rectangular or square, it can be operated. It is most preferable to arrange one at each of the four corners from the viewpoints of easiness and economy.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A caisson manufacturing pontoon according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 1, the pontoon 1 has a rectangular pontoon body 2 in plan view, and the pontoon body 2
And sidewalls 4 which are erected from both the left and right sides of the work deck 3 on the upper surface of each side wall. Each sidewall 4 is formed in a Π shape in side view in order to reduce the influence of cross wind, and is illustrated above it. A crane and an operation room generator room (not shown) are provided.

Further, the overhanging portions 5 before and after each sidewall 4 are provided.
A guide hole 6 is formed below each of the corners of the pontoon body 2 in the vertical direction. A spud 7 is vertically inserted into each guide hole 6, and each spud 7 is moved up and down by an elevating device 8. ing.

As shown in the perspective views of FIGS. 1 and 2, the lifting device 8 comprises a hoisting mechanism 9 for hoisting the spud 7 and a pushing down mechanism 10 for pushing down the spud 7, and as shown in FIG. The winding mechanism 9 is
The winch 11 installed on the sidewall 4, the hoisting rope 12 unwound from the winch 11, and the first pulley 13 and the second pulley 13 around which the hoisting rope 12 is sequentially wound.
A pulley 14 is provided, and the first pulley 13 is rotatably suspended by a post 15 standing on the projecting portion 5. or,
The second pulley 14 is rotatably supported on the upper end of the spud 7, and the tip end of the hoisting rope 12 is the post 1
It is fixed at 5.

The pushing-down mechanism 10 is a winding mechanism 9
A winch 11 common to the winch 11, a push-down line 16 extended from the winch 11, and a third pulley 17, a fourth pulley 18 and a fifth pulley 19 around which the push-down line 16 is sequentially wound. The fourth pulley 18 is provided on the work deck 3 on the overhanging portion 5 of the sidewall 4, and the fourth pulley 18 is provided on the work deck 3.
Pulleys 19 are rotatably supported on the upper ends of the spuds 7, respectively, and the tips of the push-down ropes 16 are fixed to the work deck 3.

The drum of the winch 11 is composed of two drums or a double drum with a partition, and the hoisting rope 12 and the pushing down rope 16 are wound around the drum in opposite directions, and when one is fed out, the other. Is being wound up.

As shown in the side view of FIG. 3, each spud 7 of the empty pontoon 1 which is to be routed to the quay to manufacture the caisson C, winds the hoisting rope 12 around the winch 11 and pushes down the rope 16. By extending it, the lower end is lifted above the bottom of the ship to reduce towing resistance.

Further, as shown in the side view of FIG. 4, the hoisting rope 12 is unwound from the winch 11 of the docked berth 1, and the pushing down rope 16 is wound around the winch 11 to pierce the spud 7 into the bottom of the water. The barge 1 can be anchored at a desired position in a short time with a strong anchoring force.

Here, when the water depth is not uniform, the winches 11 corresponding to the spuds 7 are operated independently of each other to adjust the amount of depression of each spud 7, and if necessary. By adjusting the amount of ballast water, the ship 1 can be made horizontal.

In addition, when waves such as typhoons are high,
As shown by the solid line and the broken line in the side view of FIG. 5, the hull moves up and down rapidly following the waves. In this case, the drum of the winch 11 can be automatically rotated in both directions. The hull is freely moved up and down with respect to the spuds 7 to prevent each spud 7 from leaving the water bottom. As a result, the pier 1 can be reliably anchored at a fixed position, and for the purpose of evacuation, the pier 1 may be detached from the harbor and anchored outside the port, or the bottom of the boat may be damaged by foreign matter on the seabed. There is no need to set it to the bottom.

In order to allow the winch 11 to freely rotate in both directions, a gravity sensor is used to detect vertical gravity acceleration acting on the hull, and when the detected value exceeds a certain value. The pressure oil passages on both sides of the hydraulic motor of the winch 11 may be short-circuited, but here, in order to simplify the configuration, relief valves are connected to the pressure oil passages on both sides of the hydraulic motor of the winch 11, respectively. , The internal pressure of one of the pressure oil passages is a predetermined value, for example 200kgf / cm
^When it exceeds ² , the pressure oil is automatically discharged from the pressure oil passage to the pressure oil passage on the opposite side through the relief valve of the pressure oil passage,
The winch 11 is designed to rotate without countering the load.

As shown in the side view of FIG. 6, when the caisson C is manufactured on the work deck 3 and then circulated to a predetermined water area, the hoisting rope 12 is wound on the winch 11 and the pushing rope 16 is pushed down from the winch 11. And the spud 7 is pulled out from the water bottom, and the spud 7 is lifted and fixed at a predetermined height.

It is sufficient that the lower end of the spud 7 at the time of rounding is raised above the water bottom of the roundabout as shown in FIG. 6, but it is preferable to raise the spud 7 as high as possible in order to reduce the towing resistance. More preferably, the lower end of the spud 7 is raised above the bottom of the ship.

When the barge 1 reaches a predetermined water area, as shown in the side view of FIG.
By pushing out the rope 16 and winding the rope 16 down on the winch 11 and piercing the spud 7 into the bottom of the water, the pontoon 1 can be anchored at a desired position with a strong anchoring force in a short time. After freeing the winch 11, inject ballast water into the pontoon body 2 and keep the spud 7 in a horizontal position.
Using the guide as a guide, sink the ship 1 under the water. in the meantime,
In synchronization with each winch 11 in a free state, the hoisting rope 12 is wound around each winch 11 and the pushing down rope 16 is paid out from each winch 11.

Following the injection of ballast water into the main body 2 of the ship, the hoisting rope 12 is wound around the winch 11 and the pushing down rope 16 is unwound from the winch 11 while injecting the ballast water into the sidewall 4 as necessary. The pontoon 1 can be settled further deeply, and when settling to a predetermined depth or more, for example, the caisson C floats above the work deck 3 as shown in the side view of FIG.

The buoyancy of the pontoon 1 becomes small to some extent while the pedestal 1 is settled, and the balance of the center of gravity begins to be lost due to the shape of the caisson C, the mounting position, and the like, so that the pontoon 1 begins to tilt.

Whether the pontoon 1 is horizontal or inclined can be confirmed by monitoring the water stalls 20 provided on the front, rear, left and right of the pontoon main body 2. If the height of the stuttering water indicated by any of the stuttering gauges 20 becomes high, it means that the pier 1 is inclined so that its direction is lowered, and before the inclination of the pier 1 reaches a predetermined value, the sinker sinks. It is possible to prevent the inclination of the pier 1 from further increasing by unwinding the hoisting rope 12 from the winch 11 in the direction of the large amount and winding the pushing down rope 16 around the winch 11 to further push down the spud 7 in that direction. As a result, the horizontal level of the barge 1 can be restored. At the same time, by adjusting the water injection amount of the ballast, it is possible to stably perform the ship sinking work while maintaining the horizontal level.

When the center of gravity starts to lose balance,
It is possible to correct the inclination of the pontoon 1 by pushing down the spud 7 with a small force, for example, with a force of less than about 5 to 10 tons in the 10,000 ton class berth 1, as compared with the state where the balance of the center of gravity has deteriorated. In addition, as compared with ballast water injection and lifting / lowering of the floating body, the lifting / lowering device 8 can be made to respond more rapidly, and the inclination of the hull can be reliably corrected before deterioration of balance progresses.

Further, since it is not necessary to give the sidewall 4 a large buoyancy in order to maintain the horizontal position of the barge 1 during sinking, the sidewall 4 can be made thin and small to reduce the weight of the hull. At the same time, the influence of cross wind can be reduced.

The caisson C is floated from the work deck 3, then pulled out of the pontoon 1 by, for example, a tugboat, moved to a predetermined position, and then sunk. Then, after pulling out the caisson C, the ballast water is drained to levitate the pontoon 1 to a predetermined dive depth, and if necessary, the spud 7 is further pulled up to the quay where the caisson C is made. To turn around.

In the above embodiment, the lifting device 8 for raising and lowering the spud 7, the winch 11, the hoisting rope 12 and the push-down rope 16 which are unwound from the winch 11, and the first to the first hoisting rope 12 and the push-down rope 16 are wound. 4 pulleys 13, 14, 17, and 18, but instead of this, the rack or pin rack provided on the spud 7 and the side wall 4 of the ship 1 are supported and mesh with this rack or pin rack. Gears,
It is also possible to configure an elevating device with, for example, a hydraulic motor that drives this gear.

As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 9 and the plan view of FIG. 10, guide rollers 21 for guiding the elevating and lowering of the spud 7 are provided on the work deck 3 of the pontoon body 2 and the ship bottom. Thus, the up and down movement of the spud 7 may be smoothly guided. Here, the guide roller 21 is of an hourglass type, but a cylindrical type may be used.

Further, the cross-sectional shape of the spud 7 is not limited to the cylindrical shape or the cylindrical shape, and any shape can be adopted. For example, as shown in the cross sectional plan view of FIG. ) Can be adopted, and FIG.
As shown in FIG. 0 or FIG. 11, concrete 7b may be filled in the outer jacket 7a made of a hollow steel material for reinforcement.

In addition, in FIGS. 9 to 11, the guide roller 21 is used to smoothly guide the elevating and lowering of the spud 7. However, instead of the guide roller 21, for example, the upper and lower edges of the guide hole 6 are provided. Made of metal, anti-wear resin, etc.,
A sliding contact guide member that slidably contacts the outer peripheral surface of the spud 21 may be provided.

[0044]

As described above, according to the present invention, at least three spuds that are supported so as to be able to move up and down are provided at least at three locations on the peripheral edge of the pontoon, and a pushing-down mechanism that pushes down each spud. By pushing these spuds down to the bottom of the water to support the pontoon, the pedestal can be prevented from tilting when the caisson floats, stable pedestal sinking work can be performed, and the side wall can be made smaller and shorter. You can easily and powerfully anchor in time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main part of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the present invention at the time of empty ship rounding.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the present invention when manufacturing a caisson.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the present invention during a typhoon evacuation.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the present invention during a caisson cruise.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the present invention when preparation for sedimentation is completed.

FIG. 8 is a side view of the present invention when the caisson is levitating.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an essential part of the present invention.

10 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along the line AA of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional plan view of an essential part of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Ship 7 Spud 8 Lifting device

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. At least two spuds which are respectively supported at at least two positions on the peripheral edge of a ship so as to be able to move up and down,
A caisson manufacturing berth, comprising an elevating device for elevating and lowering each spud. 2. The caisson manufacturing pedestal according to claim 1, wherein each of the four corners of the pedestal is provided with one spud and a pushing-down mechanism. 3. The caisson manufacturing pontoon according to claim 1, wherein the pedestal is settled by using the spud as a guide.