JPS6215977B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPS6215977B2
JPS6215977B2 JP52130244A JP13024477A JPS6215977B2 JP S6215977 B2 JPS6215977 B2 JP S6215977B2 JP 52130244 A JP52130244 A JP 52130244A JP 13024477 A JP13024477 A JP 13024477A JP S6215977 B2 JPS6215977 B2 JP S6215977B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
vacuum
vacuum valve
present
cobalt
contact resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP52130244A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5465377A (en
Inventor
Eiichi Takayanagi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP13024477A priority Critical patent/JPS5465377A/en
Publication of JPS5465377A publication Critical patent/JPS5465377A/en
Publication of JPS6215977B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6215977B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は真空しや断器や真空開閉器などに使用
される真空バルブに係り特に安定した接触抵抗を
有する真空バルブに関する。 真空バルブに要求される特性のうち特に重要な
ものは(1)さい断電流値が低いこと、(2)接触抵抗が
安定していること、(3)しや断性がよいこと、(4)耐
溶着性が優れ電極消耗が少ないこと等である。こ
のような真空バルブの特性を満足するように電極
には銅−ビスマス、銅−タングステン、銀−タン
グステン炭化物等が用いられているが、このうち
銀−タングステン炭化物は特にさい断電流値が低
いことから多く用いられている。この電極に関す
る先行技術として特公昭51−12818号公報があ
る。この公報には真空開閉器用接点としてCuま
たはAgと金属炭化物によつて構成されたものが
開示され、これらの焼結性を高めるために0.5%
以下のFe、Ni、Coを加えることも示されてい
る。しかしながらこの接点も前記した諸特性をす
べて満足するものではなく更に改善の余地が残さ
れていた。したがつて本発明の目的は前記した諸
特性を総合的に改善した真空バルブを提供するこ
とであり、なかでも特に安定した小なる接触抵抗
を有する真空バルブを提供することである。 発明者は、真空バルブに要求される前記諸特性
を更に向上すべく種々研究を重ね銀−タングステ
ン炭化物を主体とし、特に安定した接触抵抗を有
する電極を具備した真空バルブを発明した。すな
わち発明者は、銀−タングステン炭化物でなる電
極において単に焼結性を高める添加物としてそれ
ぞれ同等の役割を果たすと考えられていた鉄、ニ
ツケル、コバルトのなかで、コバルトを単独で従
来考えられていたよりも多量に添加することによ
り耐溶着性および耐消耗性を損なうことなく低い
さい断電流値を維持するとともに特に接触抵抗特
性を著しく改善し、更にコバルトの多量添加によ
り焼結性も一層向上することを見出した。(な
お、さい断電流値及び接触抵抗に関してCu−Wc
−Co合金と比較すると、Ag−Wc−Co合金が双
方とも優れていた。) 本発明に係る真空バルブは、重量%で銀
(Ag)20〜%を越え50%未満、コバルト(Co)
0.5%を越え5.0%まで、残部が実質的にタングス
テン炭化物(WC)でなる電極を具備することを
特徴とする。 各成分の限定理由を述べる。 まず銀の含有量と導電率(IACS%)との関係
を第1図に示す。真空バルブの使用時の温度上昇
を抑えるためには導電率は30%以上であることが
望ましく、第1図から明らかなように銀の含有量
は20%以上であることが必要である。また銀の含
有量とさい断電流値の関係を第2図に示す。第2
図より明らかなように銀量が50%を越えるとさい
断電流値が急激に増大し好ましくない。なお、第
1図及び第2図の合金ともコバルト量は2.0%に
固定してある。次にコバルトは接触抵抗を安定さ
せ焼結性を高める効果を有するが、0.5%より少
ないと接触抵抗を安定させる効果が少なく焼結性
も充分でない。また5.0%を越えるとかえつて接
触抵抗を増加させるとともに加工性が極めて悪く
なる。 なお接触抵抗を小さい値で安定させる効果がよ
り好ましく得られるコバルトの量は1.5〜4.0%の
範囲である。なお、本願発明と似た合金として
WC−Co−Cu合金が特公昭51−40940号公報(以
下「文献1」という)に記載されているが、本願
発明の合金とこの合金との違いを以下に説明す
る。 文献1の接点材料の原点はW−Cu合金であ
る。W−Cu合金は、低価格であるが電流サイ断
レベルが高い欠点があり、文献1の発明は特にこ
の点の改良を目的としている。このために文献1
によれば、1.2μ以下の微少粒径のWCを主成分と
して、これにCu及びCoを適量添加したものであ
る。この場合、状態図でよく知られているように
CoはCuに溶解し、Cuの導電性を低下させる。 即ち文献1の発明は、微少粒径のWCとCuおよ
びCuに溶解して存在するCoとの相互作用により
所定の特性が得られるものである。ここで得られ
るものの特性は、導電材をCuとするものの中で
は優れたものであるが、サイ断レベルは依然とし
て2A以上であつて、本発明とは目的とする特性
のレベルが異なるものである。 即ち本願発明は、Ag−WC電極にAgと溶解し
ないCoを、従来考えられていたより多量に添加
分散させたものである。本願発明に係る電極は、
ベースとしてのWC、導電材としてのAgおよび
Agに溶解しないで分散したCoの相乗効果によ
り、2A以下の低いサイ断電流値と低く安定した
接触抵抗を得ることができたものである。したが
つて、これらの相違から明らかなように、本願発
明の合金と文献1の合金とはサイ断電流値に代表
される特性のレベルが異なるものである。 本発明の実施例を比較例とともに述べる。 表1に示すように電極を構成する成分を種々変
えた真空バルブにより導電率、さい断電流値等の
諸特性を比較検討した。第3図に本発明に係るバ
ルブの一例を示す。第3図において真空容器1の
内部にはシールド材2が設けられその中に固定電
極3Aおよび可動電極3Bが対向して配されてい
る。可動電極3Bは、ガイド4およびベローズ5
により可動できる構造となつている。このような
真空バルブにより次の条件で試験を行なつた。電
圧:15KV、電流:5KA、電極間隙:1.9mm、接触
荷重:15Kg、電極寸法:直径25.4mm、真空度
10-5torr。この結果を表1に併せて示す。 なお、試料番号8を例にとり本発明の真空バル
ブを構成する電極の製造法を述べる。まず平均粒
度1.5〜3μのWC粉末に総量の3%になる様に平
均粒度約0.5〜1μの微細カーボニルコバルト粉
末を加えボールミルで約18時間湿式混合し、さら
に総量の35%の銀を加え約1時間混合した。この
時の条件はステンレスポツトとステンレスボール
を使用し、溶剤はアセトンである。これを乾燥し
た後、約1%の樹脂を増結剤として加えた後、約
2ton/cm2の成形圧で加圧成形し、その後粉末冶金
の手段により所定の電極を得る。
The present invention relates to a vacuum valve used for a vacuum switch, vacuum switch, etc., and particularly to a vacuum valve having stable contact resistance. The most important characteristics required for vacuum valves are (1) low breaking current, (2) stable contact resistance, (3) good cutting resistance, and (4) ) Excellent welding resistance and low electrode wear. Copper-bismuth, copper-tungsten, silver-tungsten carbide, etc. are used for electrodes to satisfy these vacuum valve characteristics, but among these, silver-tungsten carbide has a particularly low cutting current value. It is often used from Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-12818 is a prior art related to this electrode. This publication discloses a contact for a vacuum switch made of Cu or Ag and metal carbide, and in order to improve the sinterability of these contacts, 0.5%
It is also shown that the following Fe, Ni, and Co can be added. However, this contact does not satisfy all of the above-mentioned characteristics, and there remains room for further improvement. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum valve that has comprehensively improved the above-mentioned characteristics, and in particular, to provide a vacuum valve that has stable and low contact resistance. The inventor conducted various studies to further improve the various characteristics required for a vacuum valve, and invented a vacuum valve that is mainly made of silver-tungsten carbide and is equipped with electrodes that have particularly stable contact resistance. In other words, the inventor discovered that among iron, nickel, and cobalt, which were all thought to play the same role as additives that simply improve sintering properties in silver-tungsten carbide electrodes, cobalt was previously thought to be used alone. By adding cobalt in a larger amount than before, it is possible to maintain a low cutting current value without impairing welding resistance and abrasion resistance, and in particular, the contact resistance characteristics are significantly improved, and furthermore, by adding a large amount of cobalt, sinterability is further improved. I discovered that. (In addition, regarding the cutting current value and contact resistance, Cu−Wc
-Co alloy, both Ag-Wc-Co alloys were superior. ) The vacuum valve according to the present invention contains more than 20% to less than 50% silver (Ag) and less than 50% cobalt (Co) by weight.
It is characterized by comprising an electrode made of tungsten carbide (WC) of more than 0.5% and up to 5.0%, with the remainder being substantially made of tungsten carbide (WC). The reasons for limiting each component will be explained. First, FIG. 1 shows the relationship between silver content and electrical conductivity (IACS%). In order to suppress the temperature rise during use of the vacuum bulb, the electrical conductivity is desirably 30% or more, and as is clear from FIG. 1, the silver content needs to be 20% or more. Furthermore, the relationship between the silver content and the cutting current value is shown in FIG. Second
As is clear from the figure, when the amount of silver exceeds 50%, the cutting current value increases rapidly, which is not preferable. Note that the amount of cobalt in both the alloys shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is fixed at 2.0%. Next, cobalt has the effect of stabilizing the contact resistance and improving the sinterability, but if it is less than 0.5%, the effect of stabilizing the contact resistance is small and the sinterability is not sufficient. Moreover, if it exceeds 5.0%, the contact resistance will increase and workability will become extremely poor. Note that the amount of cobalt that more preferably achieves the effect of stabilizing the contact resistance at a small value is in the range of 1.5 to 4.0%. Furthermore, as an alloy similar to the present invention,
A WC-Co-Cu alloy is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-40940 (hereinafter referred to as "Document 1"), and the differences between this alloy and the alloy of the present invention will be explained below. The origin of the contact material in Document 1 is a W-Cu alloy. Although the W-Cu alloy is low in price, it has the drawback of a high current cutoff level, and the invention of Document 1 is particularly aimed at improving this point. For this reason, document 1
According to , the main component is WC with a microparticle size of 1.2μ or less, to which appropriate amounts of Cu and Co are added. In this case, as is well known from phase diagrams,
Co dissolves in Cu and reduces the conductivity of Cu. That is, in the invention of Document 1, predetermined characteristics are obtained by the interaction between WC having a minute particle size, Cu, and Co dissolved in Cu. The properties obtained here are excellent among those using Cu as the conductive material, but the cutting level is still 2A or higher, and the level of the desired properties is different from that of the present invention. . That is, in the present invention, a larger amount of Co, which does not dissolve in Ag, is added and dispersed in the Ag-WC electrode than previously thought. The electrode according to the present invention is
WC as a base, Ag as a conductive material and
Due to the synergistic effect of Co, which is dispersed without being dissolved in Ag, it was possible to obtain a low cut-off current value of 2A or less and a low and stable contact resistance. Therefore, as is clear from these differences, the alloy of the present invention and the alloy of Document 1 differ in the level of properties represented by the cut-off current value. Examples of the present invention will be described together with comparative examples. As shown in Table 1, various characteristics such as conductivity and cutting current value were compared and studied using vacuum bulbs with various electrode components. FIG. 3 shows an example of a valve according to the present invention. In FIG. 3, a shielding material 2 is provided inside a vacuum container 1, and a fixed electrode 3A and a movable electrode 3B are disposed therein facing each other. The movable electrode 3B includes a guide 4 and a bellows 5.
It has a structure that allows it to move. Tests were conducted using such a vacuum valve under the following conditions. Voltage: 15KV, Current: 5KA, Electrode Gap: 1.9mm, Contact Load: 15Kg, Electrode Dimensions: Diameter 25.4mm, Vacuum Degree
10-5 torr. The results are also shown in Table 1. The method for manufacturing the electrodes constituting the vacuum valve of the present invention will be described using sample number 8 as an example. First, fine carbonyl cobalt powder with an average particle size of about 0.5 to 1μ is added to WC powder with an average particle size of 1.5 to 3μ to make up 3% of the total amount, and wet-mixed in a ball mill for about 18 hours.Furthermore, 35% of the total amount of silver is added and about 3% of the total amount is added. Mixed for 1 hour. The conditions at this time were to use a stainless steel pot and a stainless steel ball, and the solvent was acetone. After drying this, approximately 1% of resin was added as a binder, and approximately
Pressure molding is performed at a molding pressure of 2 ton/cm 2 , and then a predetermined electrode is obtained by means of powder metallurgy.

【表】 表1より明らかなように本発明に係る真空バル
ブ(試料No.4〜No.10)は、導電率さい断電流値
とともに、接触抵抗が低い値で安定しており好ま
しい特性を有している。なお、比較のための試料
No.13およびNo.15の真空バルブもある程度好ま
しい特性を有するように思われるが前者は電極の
消耗が著しく寿命が短いものであり、後者は電極
が溶着する現象が多く見られこれも寿命が短かい
ものであつた。 以上述べたように本発明に係る真空バルブは、
真空バルブに要求される特性を総合的に改善した
ものであり工業上の価値は極めて大きい。
[Table] As is clear from Table 1, the vacuum valves according to the present invention (Samples No. 4 to No. 10) have favorable characteristics, with conductivity and breaking current values as well as contact resistance being stable at low values. are doing. In addition, samples for comparison
Vacuum valves No. 13 and No. 15 also seem to have favorable characteristics to some extent, but the former suffers from significant electrode wear and has a short lifespan, while the latter suffers from frequent welding of the electrodes, and this also has a short lifespan. It was short. As described above, the vacuum valve according to the present invention is
It has comprehensively improved the characteristics required for vacuum valves, and is of extremely great industrial value.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は銀量と導電率との関係を示すグラフ、
第2図は銀量とさい断電流値との関係を示すグラ
フである。第3図は本発明に係る真空バルブの実
施例を示す図である。
Figure 1 is a graph showing the relationship between silver content and electrical conductivity.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between silver content and cutting current value. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the vacuum valve according to the present invention.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 重量%で銀20%を越え50%未満、コバルト
0.5%を越え5.0%まで、残部が実質的にタングス
テンの炭化物でなる電極を具備し、安定した接触
抵抗を有することを特徴とする真空バルブ。 2 重量%でコバルト1.5%〜4%である特許請
求の範囲第1項に記載の真空バルブ。
[Claims] 1. More than 20% silver and less than 50% by weight, cobalt
1. A vacuum valve comprising an electrode made of tungsten carbide of more than 0.5% to 5.0%, the remainder being substantially tungsten carbide, and having stable contact resistance. 2. Vacuum valve according to claim 1, comprising 1.5% to 4% cobalt in % by weight.
JP13024477A 1977-11-01 1977-11-01 Vacuum bulb Granted JPS5465377A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP13024477A JPS5465377A (en) 1977-11-01 1977-11-01 Vacuum bulb

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP13024477A JPS5465377A (en) 1977-11-01 1977-11-01 Vacuum bulb

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5465377A JPS5465377A (en) 1979-05-25
JPS6215977B2 true JPS6215977B2 (en) 1987-04-10

Family

ID=15029573

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP13024477A Granted JPS5465377A (en) 1977-11-01 1977-11-01 Vacuum bulb

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5465377A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11154639B2 (en) 2010-07-12 2021-10-26 University Of Southern California Biocompatible substrate for facilitating interconnections between stem cells and target tissues and methods for implanting same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5140940A (en) * 1974-10-03 1976-04-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp HIKARIDO HARO

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5140940A (en) * 1974-10-03 1976-04-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp HIKARIDO HARO

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11154639B2 (en) 2010-07-12 2021-10-26 University Of Southern California Biocompatible substrate for facilitating interconnections between stem cells and target tissues and methods for implanting same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5465377A (en) 1979-05-25

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