【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
本発明は、組合せ電気接点の改良に関する。
近時、電気、電子技術の発展に伴い、各種電
気、電子機器が小型化され、それに応じてブレー
カー、マグネツトスイツチ等も小型化されてい
る。
然し乍ら、ブレーカー、マグネツトスイツチ等
が小型化されると、機器の沿面距離や絶縁距離が
とりにくくなる。つまり絶縁抵抗や耐電圧の劣化
を招くという問題が生じる。また電気接点の接触
力、開離力が小さくなつて溶着が起き易くなると
いう問題や接触抵抗が不安定になるという問題が
起こる。
この為、接点消耗が少なく、耐溶着性に優れ、
且つ接触抵抗の安定した組合せ電気接点が要望さ
れ、種々の組合せ電気接点の開発がなされている
が、今だ満足すべきものがない。
従来、組合せ電気接点には銀中に金属酸化物を
分散した銀−酸化物より成る接点が用いられ、そ
の中でも銀−酸化アンチモンより成る接点同志を
対向させた組合せ電気接点は、耐溶着性に優れて
いるが耐消耗性に劣る為に、接点開閉の度毎に周
囲に消耗飛散していき、絶縁抵抗や耐電圧の劣化
を招くものである。その為、銀−酸化アンチモン
より成る接点と銀−酸化カドミウムより成る接点
とを対向させた組合せ電気接点が考えられるが、
この場合酸化カドミウムが700℃で昇華するの
で、消耗が大きく絶縁抵抗や耐電圧の劣化を招
く、また銀−ニツケルより成る接点同志を対向さ
せた組合せ電気接点の場合は、銀中にニツケルが
殆んど固溶せず、しかも粉末冶金法により製造さ
れる為消耗は均一である。その為接触抵抗は安定
しているが、前記銀−酸化アンチモンより成る接
点同志を対向させた組合せ接点に比し耐溶着性に
劣るものである。
かように従来の組合せ電気接点は、耐溶着性は
良いが、接触抵抗や絶縁抵抗が劣り、また逆に接
触抵抗や絶縁抵抗は良好であるが耐溶着性が悪い
等の問題があつた。
本発明は、かかる問題を解決すべくなされたも
のであり、耐溶着性、接触抵抗、耐消耗性を確実
に向上させることのできる組合せ電気接点とし
て、銀−酸化アンチモン系の接点と、銀−ニツケ
ル系の接点とを相対向させて成る組合せ電気接点
を提供せんとするものである。
本発明による組合せ電気接点は、相対向する接
点に、アンチモン５〜12w／ｏを含む銀−酸化ア
ンチモン系の接点と、ニツケル５〜20w／ｏを含
む銀−ニツケル系の接点を用いたことを特徴とす
るものである。
本発明の組合せ電気接点に於いて、上記の如く
相対向する接点の材料を限定した理由は、銀−酸
化アンチモン系接点の優れた耐溶着性を生かし、
また銀−ニツケル系接点の良好な接触抵抗の安定
性を生かし、これらの相乗効果により従来の組合
せ電気接点に於ける劣悪な耐溶着性及び接触抵抗
の悪さを解消する為である。また銀−酸化アンチ
モン系接点のアンチモンの含有量を５〜12w／ｏ
と限定した理由は、5w／ｏ未満では耐溶着性が
不充分であり、12w／ｏを超えると耐溶着性には
問題はないが、酸化アンチモンの消耗量が多くな
つて絶縁抵抗が極端に劣化するからである。上記
成分の範囲内であれば、銀−酸化アンチモン系接
点に更に少量の亜鉛、鉛、タリウム、カドミウ
ム、イツトリウム、ビスマス、鉄族等の酸化物を
添加しても、耐溶着性、耐消耗性が阻害されない
ものである。さらに銀−ニツケル系接点のニツケ
ルの含有量を５〜20w／ｏと限定した理由は、
5w／ｏ未満では耐溶着性が極端に悪くなり、
20w／ｏを超えると消耗量が多くなつて、寿命が
短かくなるからである。
尚、本発明の組合せ電気接点における一方の接
点の材料として使用する銀−酸化アンチモンは、
銀中に酸化アンチモンが細かく分散してさえいれ
ば内部酸化法、粉末冶金法、内部酸化法と粉末冶
金法の併用等いずれの方法によつて作られたもの
でも良いものである。
次に本発明による組合せ電気接点の効果を明瞭
ならしめる為に、その具体的な実施例と従来例に
ついて説明する。
実施例 １
アンチモン7w／ｏを含む銀−酸化アンチモン
より成る５mmの固定接点と、ニツケル12w／ｏ
を含む銀−ニツケルより成る５mmの可動接点と
を相対向させて組合せ電気接点を構成した。
実施例 ２
ニツケル15w／ｏを含む銀−ニツケルより成る
５mmの固定接点と、アンチモン10w／ｏを含む
銀−酸化アンチモンに酸化亜鉛2.5w／ｏと酸化
ニツケル0.4w／ｏを含有させて成る５mmの可
動接点とを相対向させて組合せ電気接点を構成し
た。
従来例 １
アンチモン10w／ｏを含む銀−酸化アンチモン
より成る５mmの固定接点と可動接点とを相対向
させて組合せ電気接点を構成した。
従来例 ２
アンチモン7w／ｏを含む銀−酸化アンチモン
より成る５mmの固定接点と、カドミウム10w／
ｏを含む銀−酸化カドミウムより成る５mmの可
動接点とを相対向させて組合せ電気接点を構成し
た。
然してこれら各組合せ電気接点を下記の試験条
件にて耐溶着試験及び絶縁抵抗、消耗量を測定し
たら、下記の表−１に示すような結果を得た。
Γ耐溶着試験条件
AC 100V 50Hz 電流1540A
開閉回数 20回 Ｏ−COの繰返し
接触力 500ｇ
開離力 150ｇ
Γ絶縁抵抗の測定条件
DC500Vメガーによる。
The present invention relates to improvements in combination electrical contacts. In recent years, with the development of electrical and electronic technology, various electrical and electronic devices have become smaller, and breakers, magnetic switches, etc. have also become smaller accordingly. However, as breakers, magnetic switches, and the like become smaller, it becomes difficult to maintain creepage distances and insulation distances for the devices. In other words, a problem arises in that insulation resistance and withstand voltage deteriorate. Furthermore, the contact force and separation force of the electrical contacts become small, causing problems such as welding becoming more likely to occur and contact resistance becoming unstable. For this reason, contact wear is low, and welding resistance is excellent.
There is a demand for a combination electrical contact with stable contact resistance, and various combination electrical contacts have been developed, but none have yet been found to be satisfactory. Conventionally, contacts made of silver-oxide, in which metal oxides are dispersed in silver, have been used for combination electrical contacts.Among these, combination electrical contacts, in which contacts made of silver-antimony oxide are placed facing each other, have excellent adhesion resistance. Although it is excellent, it has poor wear resistance, so every time the contact is opened and closed, wear and tear is scattered around the surrounding area, leading to deterioration of insulation resistance and withstand voltage. For this reason, a combination electrical contact can be considered in which a contact made of silver-antimony oxide and a contact made of silver-cadmium oxide are placed opposite each other.
In this case, cadmium oxide sublimates at 700°C, resulting in large consumption and deterioration of insulation resistance and withstand voltage.Also, in the case of a combination electrical contact in which contacts made of silver and nickel face each other, most of the nickel is in the silver. Since it does not form a solid solution and is manufactured using a powder metallurgy method, consumption is uniform. Therefore, the contact resistance is stable, but the welding resistance is inferior to the above-mentioned combination contact in which the contacts made of silver-antimony oxide are opposed to each other. As described above, conventional combination electrical contacts have problems such as good welding resistance but poor contact resistance and insulation resistance, and conversely, good contact resistance and insulation resistance but poor welding resistance. The present invention has been made to solve this problem, and provides a combination electrical contact that can reliably improve welding resistance, contact resistance, and abrasion resistance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a combination electrical contact formed by opposing a nickel-based contact. The combined electrical contact according to the present invention uses a silver-antimony oxide type contact containing 5 to 12 w/o of antimony and a silver-nickel type contact containing 5 to 20 w/o of nickel as opposing contacts. This is a characteristic feature. In the combination electrical contact of the present invention, the reason for limiting the materials of the opposing contacts as described above is to take advantage of the excellent welding resistance of the silver-antimony oxide contact.
Further, by taking advantage of the good contact resistance stability of the silver-nickel type contacts, the synergistic effect of these is used to eliminate the poor welding resistance and poor contact resistance of conventional combination electrical contacts. In addition, the antimony content of silver-antimony oxide contacts should be increased from 5 to 12 w/o.
The reason for this limitation is that if it is less than 5w/o, the welding resistance will be insufficient, and if it exceeds 12w/o, there will be no problem with the welding resistance, but the amount of antimony oxide consumed will be large and the insulation resistance will be extremely low. This is because it deteriorates. As long as the ingredients are within the above range, even if a small amount of zinc, lead, thallium, cadmium, yttrium, bismuth, iron group oxides, etc. are added to the silver-antimony oxide contact, the welding resistance and wear resistance will be maintained. is not inhibited. Furthermore, the reason why the nickel content of the silver-nickel type contacts was limited to 5 to 20 w/o is as follows.
If it is less than 5w/o, the welding resistance will be extremely poor.
This is because if it exceeds 20w/o, the amount of consumption will increase and the lifespan will be shortened. The silver-antimony oxide used as the material for one contact in the combined electrical contact of the present invention is
As long as antimony oxide is finely dispersed in silver, it may be made by any method such as internal oxidation, powder metallurgy, or a combination of internal oxidation and powder metallurgy. Next, in order to clarify the effects of the combined electrical contact according to the present invention, specific examples and conventional examples thereof will be described. Example 1 5 mm fixed contact made of silver-antimony oxide containing 7 w/o antimony and 12 w/o nickel
A combination electric contact was constructed by facing a 5 mm movable contact made of silver-nickel containing . Example 2 A 5 mm fixed contact made of silver-nickel containing 15 w/o of nickel and a 5 mm fixed contact made of silver-antimony oxide containing 10 w/o of antimony containing 2.5 w/o of zinc oxide and 0.4 w/o of nickel oxide. A combination electric contact was constructed by arranging the movable contact and the movable contact to face each other. Conventional Example 1 A 5 mm fixed contact made of silver-antimony oxide containing 10 w/o of antimony and a movable contact were made to face each other to form a combination electric contact. Conventional example 2 A 5mm fixed contact made of silver-antimony oxide containing 7w/o antimony and 10w/o cadmium.
A combination electric contact was constructed by facing a 5 mm movable contact made of silver-cadmium oxide containing o. However, when the welding resistance test, insulation resistance, and amount of wear were measured for each of these combined electrical contacts under the following test conditions, the results shown in Table 1 below were obtained. Γ Welding resistance test conditions AC 100V 50Hz Current 1540A Number of openings and closings 20 times O-CO repeated contact force 500g Peeling force 150g Γ Insulation resistance measurement conditions DC 500V megger.
【表】
また前記各組合せ電気接点を下記の試験条件に
て接触抵抗を測定したところ下記の表−２に示す
ような結果を得た。
Γ接触抵抗測定試験条件
AC 100V 50Hz 電流15A
開閉回数 20万回
接触力 50ｇ
開離力 40ｇ[Table] Furthermore, when the contact resistance of each of the above combination electrical contacts was measured under the following test conditions, the results shown in Table 2 below were obtained. ΓContact resistance measurement test conditions AC 100V 50Hz Current 15A Opening/closing frequency 200,000 times Contact force 50g Opening force 40g
【表】
前記表−１で明らかなように銀−酸化アンチモ
ン系の接点と銀−ニツケル系の接点を相対向させ
た実施例１、２の組合せ電気接点は格別に耐溶着
性が良いと言われている従来例１の銀−酸化アン
チモン系の接点同志を相対向させた組合せ電気接
点と同等の優れた耐溶着性を有し、また絶縁抵抗
及び耐消耗性は従来例１、２の組合せ電気接点よ
りも優れていることが判る。さらに前記表−２で
明らかなように実施例１、２の組合せ電気接点は
従来例１、２の組合せ電気接点よりも接触抵抗が
少く且つ安定していることが判る。
以上詳記した通り本発明の組合せ電気接点は、
耐溶着性、絶縁抵抗、耐消耗性及び接触抵抗特性
等全てに優れているので、小型化されたブレーカ
ー、マグネツトスイツチ等に使用した際、溶着の
発生を抑えることができ、且つ接触抵抗を安定さ
せることができる等の効果がある。[Table] As is clear from Table 1 above, the combined electrical contacts of Examples 1 and 2, in which the silver-antimony oxide contact and the silver-nickel contact were placed opposite each other, are said to have exceptionally good welding resistance. It has excellent welding resistance equivalent to the combination electrical contact of Conventional Example 1 in which silver-antimony oxide contacts are placed opposite each other, and the insulation resistance and abrasion resistance are better than that of the combination of Conventional Examples 1 and 2. It turns out that it is better than electrical contacts. Further, as is clear from Table 2, the combined electrical contacts of Examples 1 and 2 have lower contact resistance and are more stable than the combined electrical contacts of Conventional Examples 1 and 2. As detailed above, the combination electrical contact of the present invention is
It has excellent properties such as welding resistance, insulation resistance, abrasion resistance, and contact resistance, so when used in miniaturized breakers, magnetic switches, etc., it can suppress the occurrence of welding and reduce contact resistance. It has effects such as stabilization.