JPS62158458A - Production of formed roughage - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To form a roughage of indefinite shape into a suitable size, by compressing a roughage of indefinite shape or a mixture thereof prepared by adding water or an additive and uniformly mixing while stirring with two slat conveyors, etc., under pressure and drying the compressed roughage or mixture thereof. CONSTITUTION:A fibrous roughage, e.g. fermented bagasse, etc., is suitably cut or pulverized if it is long or large and, as necessary, water or additive, e.g. concentrated feed, etc., is added and mixed therewith while stirring. The above-mentioned mixture (B) is then fed between two slat conveyors 18 and 19, etc., installed with facing transportation surfaces and having a wide spacing between the transportation surfaces on the inlet side and a narrow spacing between the transportation surfaces on the outlet side and the conveyors 18 and 19, etc. are driven to compress the mixture (B) into a sheetlike or matlike form under pressure. The resultant formed material is then dried. As a result, the roughage of indefinite shape can be formed into a suitable size to reduce the transportation and storage cost and facilitate the handling and feed collection. Furthermore, the growth of molds and deterioration can be suppressed at the same time.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] 〔Technical field〕 The present invention uses bagasse, fermented bagasse, rice straw, and grass.

Vegetables, tree branches and leaves, bamboo, reeds, seaweed, and other dry fibrous roughage alone or in mixtures, or mixed with additives such as blackstrap molasses, flour, and oil cake, are compressed into sheets, mats, etc. Then, it is cut into plates, blocks, etc. and dried, or stirred and mixed while drying, and then compressed.
This invention relates to a method for producing shaped roughage to be cut.

〔background〕

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In addition to concentrate feed, roughage is essential for feed for livestock, especially cattle. Traditionally, in Japan, grass and rice straw were the main ingredients, followed by seeds, seeds, oil cakes, and fish meal.

They were fed root vegetables and other self-sufficient animal and plant products.

However, with the mechanization of agricultural work, the absolute amount of rice straw, which is the most important forage, is currently insufficient, and due to labor shortages and rising labor costs, pasture cultivation and weeding have become difficult. They rely on feed to win. As a result, breeding costs have skyrocketed, and serious problems such as frequent fattening disorders (bloat, urolithiasis, etc.) due to lack of roughage have been caused.

In order to deal with this situation, new sources of roughage are being developed, and various fibrous materials such as bagasse, which is the lees of sugar cane, fermented bagasse, and even crushed wood, are being used as roughage. Attempts are being made to pay.

Among these, test results have shown that fermented bagasse in particular has better weight gain and improved meat quality than rice straw or grass, and also shows no symptoms such as diarrhea.

Moreover, in Southeast Asia, Okinawa, and other countries, large amounts of rice straw are produced, and there are few uses for it, and most of it is incinerated or disposed of, making it extremely promising as a substitute for rice straw.

However, depending on the moisture content (around 10-15%), the apparent specific gravity (bulk specific gravity) is around 0.1 to 0.2 or less, making it extremely bulky, and the cost of transportation and storage when imported into Japan. is expensive. Moreover, it has many short fibers, making it difficult to store and handle, and it is also difficult to forage. Comparative tests have also shown that cows do not like fermented bagasse very much and tend to eat only rice straw when fed in combination with rice straw.

On the other hand, conventionally imported products such as rice straw, Kenwood, and dried grass are also bulky, just like Bacas, and around 80% of the final price is accounted for by transportation and storage costs, making them more expensive than domestically produced products. This is the current situation. Moreover, these have the disadvantage that mold grows when there is a lot of moisture, and the amount imported is extremely small compared to the required amount. Furthermore, it is common practice to store dried grass for home consumption in silos, etc., but this also requires a large space.

〔the purpose〕

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and aims to reduce transportation and storage costs of fermented bagasse and other dried fibrous roughage, and to make these amorphous roughages easier to handle and feed for livestock. The purpose is to provide a method for molding into an appropriate size.

The present invention also provides a method for keeping the moisture content of fibrous roughage low and constant in order to suppress mold growth and deterioration. Furthermore,
Blackstrap molasses is used as a flavoring agent to improve eating, and wheat flour and type M are used as concentrated feed to increase nutritional value.

To provide a method for producing a molded compound feed mainly consisting of roughage by adding various additives such as fishmeal and oil cake. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for continuously producing a large amount of shaped roughage with good dimensional stability.

The purpose of these methods is to sandwich irregularly shaped fibrous roughage, mixed with water and additives, and then stirred and mixed uniformly between the transport surfaces of two slat conveyors, and then gradually reduce the distance between them. This is achieved by pressure compression. It can also be achieved by heating in a free state or under pressure on a conveyor to remove moisture.

[Configuration and action]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on examples shown in the drawings, taking fermented bagasse as an example of fibrous roughage.

(Moulded roughage, fermented bagasse) FIG. 1 shows an example of block-shaped formed roughage (A) produced by the method of the present invention. This is fermented bagasse (1
The amorphous roughage material (B) (Fig. 2) prepared by thoroughly stirring and mixing 1 and the aqueous molasses solution (2) is compressed under pressure to form a sheet-like molded product (C) (Fig. 2), and then the cows It is cut into pieces that are easy to eat and dried until the moisture content reaches an appropriate level. Note that the symbols (a) in the figure are fermented bagasse fibers, and the symbols (b) are schematic illustrations of waste molasses attached to the bagasse fibers. Adding blackstrap molasses here is
This is to increase the desire to feed on fermented bagasse.

Fermented bagasse (11) is obtained by piling raw bagasse in the open and subjecting it to natural fermentation, or by forcing fermentation in an apparatus.

The moisture content of fermented bagasse is about 40 to 65%, but due to the fermentation heat, the moisture content of fermented bagasse (2) becomes about 10 to 15%. In addition, although fermented bagasse itself has a lot of residual nutrients such as sugar,
Fermentation increases nutrients and makes them easier to absorb. Furthermore, mold is less likely to grow. Also, the apparent ratio M (bulk specific gravity) is 0
．． It is about 1 to 0.2, but this varies depending on the moisture content, stacked R (preservation state! 3), etc. In addition, before stirring and mixing, the quality of the fermented bagasse (1) can be stabilized by adjusting the moisture content to a constant level and cutting or removing long fibers, and bagging a certain amount at a time. and manufacturing is convenient, especially in the case of batch mixing. It is also necessary to remove impurities such as stones and iron pieces.

(Manufacturing Apparatus) FIG. 2 shows an example of a molded roughage manufacturing apparatus for continuously manufacturing this molded roughage (A) in large quantities.

This molded roughage production apparatus (3) includes a melting and stirring tank (4), a blending pot (5), and an accumulation shoe H6) that constitute an agitation and mixing process, and a first continuous compressor (7) that constitutes a compression process.
, a second continuous compressor (8), a roll cutter (9) for the cutting process, a continuous dryer (10) for the drying process, etc. In addition, code (11) is a quantitative cutting conveyor,
(12) is the first transfer conveyor, (13) is the second transfer conveyor, (I4) is the third transfer conveyor, (15) is the bag making machine with automatic weighing machine, and (I6) is the fourth transfer conveyor. It's a conveyor.

Next, the procedure for manufacturing shaped roughage (A) using the apparatus (3) will be explained step by step.

(Stirring and Mixing Step) First, an aqueous solution (2) of blackstrap molasses is made in a dissolving stirring tank (4).

Next, appropriate amounts of the fermented bagasse (more preferably with adjusted water content) and the aqueous molasses solution (2) are put into the blending pot (5) and thoroughly stirred and mixed. The mixing ratio is, for example, 900 kg (4.5 rrr) of fermented bagasse (moisture content 10%, apparent specific gravity approximately 0.2) and 90 kg of 20% blackstrap aqueous solution (assuming the specific gravity of blackstrap molasses is 1.5). 841
: Blackstrap molasses 18Kg) is used.

Blackstrap molasses motivates and nourishes the cattle and acts as a binder for the bagasse fibers. and,
If it is too small, it will not serve any purpose, and if it is too large, the cost will increase, and the molded roughage (A) will become hard due to pressurization. Therefore, 0.3 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 4 parts by weight of blackstrap molasses is used per 100 parts by weight of fermented bagasse (water content of about 10 to 15%). However, since both are natural products, their ingredients and moisture content vary depending on the region of production, climate, manufacturing equipment, and other conditions. Therefore, the optimum mixing ratio of these and the dilution ratio of molasses differ depending on each factory that discharges them.

Also, the molasses is diluted with water to ensure uniform mixing, but it is also necessary to dilute the molasses with water so as not to burden the subsequent drying process.
It is better to use as little dilution water as possible as long as uniform mixing is possible.

The illustrated blend pot (5) is a rotating cylindrical body (5a).
An opening/closing part (5b) for introducing bagasse and taking out roughage material (B), and a pipe (5c) for injecting molasses solution.
and several baffle plates for stirring are fixed to the inner surface of the cylinder. The cylindrical body (5a) is supported by a frame body (5d) and rotates at, for example, 3 to 10 rpm.

Although the stirring time depends on the capacity of the blend pot (5) and the amount of roughage material (B) introduced, approximately complete mixing can be achieved in about several to ten minutes. Cutting of long bagasse fibers is also carried out.

The roughage material (B) obtained in this way is once collected in the accumulation chute (6), transferred in fixed quantities by the quantitative cut-out conveyor (11), and transferred to the first continuous compressor (7) by the first finned transfer conveyor (12). ) into the hopper (I7).

(Compression process) The compression method of the present invention involves sandwiching the roughage material (B) between two conveyors, compressing the unit volume while conveying it at a constant speed, and then maintaining the compressed state to the same size and expanding and restoring it. This prevents plastic deformation. In the case of fibrous materials that recover to a small extent when the applied pressure is removed,
By increasing the length of the sustained part, or in the case of fibrous materials with a high recovery rate or high moisture content (difficult to compress)
For this purpose, it is recommended to take measures such as further increasing the pressure applied to the sustaining part or applying the principle of heat setting and drying while pressurizing and compressing. Alternatively, instead of making the sustaining part long, the compression device may be divided into two parts, and compression molding may be carried out in the first step and compression may be sustained in the subsequent step.

In this example, the first and second compressors are used based on the above-mentioned idea of the latter. First, the first continuous compressor (7) is
As shown in FIG. 3, two upper and lower slat conveyors (1B) and (19) are installed in a horizontal frame, and each conveyor is configured to be rotationally driven by a sprocket. And each conveyor has slats (
18a) ..., (19a) ... Chains (18b), (1
9b) is supported by the rails (20) and (21). In this example, the intervals between the slats after the middle are approximately equal. The widely spaced openings (22) on the entrance side are sealed on both sides with triangular side plates (23) to prevent the roughage material (B) from spilling. Note that the hopper (17) is arranged so as to open onto the lower conveyor (1B) that projects forward.

The roughage material (
B) (water content of about 10 to 65%) falls into the opening (22) under its own weight, and the slats (18a)..., (19a)
. . . and is gradually compressed and moved to the exit side to become a sheet-like (or mat-like) molded product (C). The forage material (B) may be forcibly fed into the opening (22) using a screw conveyor (24) or the like. In the case of forced feeding, the accumulation chute (6) and the quantitative cutting conveyor (11) may be omitted and the roughage material (B) may be appropriately fed into the hopper (17).

As shown in Fig. 4, the second continuous compressor (8) also has two upper and lower slat conveyors (25) and (26) built into a horizontal frame, each of which is rotated by a sprocket. do. Slats (25a) on the conveyance surface...
, (26a)... It is also the same as the first continuous compressor (7) that the compressors face each other and the distance between them gradually narrows from the opening (27) on the inlet side to the middle. be. In the figure, symbols (25b) and (26b) are chains of each conveyor, and (28) and (29) are rails.

Then, the sheet-like molded product (C) is further continuously compressed by this device (8). In order to more effectively suppress restoration after exiting the device (8), the upper rail (28) is installed as shown in the figure.
may be pressed against the lower rail (29) by a spring (30). In this way, as will be described later, a decrease in the actual compression ratio due to the stretching action of the sheet-like molded product (C) sandwiched between the slats (25a) and (26a) in this part can also be suppressed. The compression ratio of the machines (7) and (8) is determined by the ratio of the slat spacing L (L') on the entrance side and the slat spacing 1 (1') on the middle or exit side.

In the case of the compression device (7), it is necessary to increase the l/N ratio in order to compress the irregularly shaped roughage material (B). However, each slat conveyor (18) at the opening (22)
, If the sliding gradient (degree of taper) in (19) is too large, the roughage material (B) will slip due to the spreading action,
If it is too small, a long conveyor will be required. So usually,
A value of about 115 to 1/15, particularly around 1/10, is considered optimal. Although the compression ratio depends on the type of fibrous material and other conditions, it is usually mechanically possible to achieve a compression ratio of about 10 to 20 times.

However, the compression ratio and slope depend on the material ratio of the roughage material (B), moisture content, density, viscosity, and degree of compression.

It is affected by the difference in whether the feeding into the opening (22) is by natural fall or by forced type. Therefore, in order to optimize these dimensions and slopes, it is preferable to make them adjustable. However, the compression ratio is lower than the calculated value due to vertical and horizontal movement and slippage of the roughage material (B). In the case of the above device, the calculated value is 10 times, but it is 6 to 8 times depending on the composition of the roughage material etc. It will be about double.

In the case of the compression device (8), the compression ratio (L'/l') may be about 2 to 7 times in order to further compress the sheet-like molded product (C). In this case as well, the actual compression ratio is lower than the calculated value due to the stretching action. However, if the spring (30) is used to apply pressure, the reduction in the ratio will be reduced.

Then, in consideration of the above facts, the compression magnification of each device is determined so that the final effective composite compression magnification of the re-devices (7) and (8) is 10 to 20. However, in this example, the thickness will be restored to some extent during the drying process, so this needs to be taken into account. In addition, the compression ratio is determined so that the final thickness is at a level that is easy for livestock to eat, for example, about 1 to 3 cm.

(Cutting process, drying process, packaging process) The sheet-like molded product (C) obtained in the previous process is then cut into an appropriate size that is easy for livestock to eat, for example, 2 to 7 cI.
Cut into blocks or strips of various sizes. In this example, the paper is cut into a size of, for example, 5 cm x 5 cm using a roll cutter (9a) for vertical cutting and a roll cutter (9b) for horizontal cutting (91).

This cut material is transferred to the second finned transfer conveyor (+3
) is fed into a continuous dryer (No. 1), and dried with hot air or heated steam to a moisture content of approximately 10%, forming shaped roughage (A). Note that the symbol (10a) in the figure
is the hopper of the dryer, and (10b) is the belt conveyor.

The dried shaped roughage (A) is sequentially sent to the bag making machine (15) with an automatic weighing machine by the third transfer conveyor, packaged in appropriate weight portions, and sent to the packaging department by the fourth transfer conveyor (1G). It will be done.

[Modifications/Other Examples]

Although a preferred example of the present invention has been described above, various modifications and other embodiments can be considered in terms of materials and devices.

First, if blackstrap molasses is omitted for roughage material (B),
The water content is lower, making it easier to pressurize. However, it does somewhat reduce their desire to forage, so it is necessary to take measures such as soaking them in molasses solution when feeding them. On the other hand, in addition to blackstrap molasses, several parts by weight of flour or sugar may be added as a binder, or a small amount (several parts by weight) or a large amount (several tens of parts by weight) of a concentrated feed such as bean powder or fish meal may be mixed. Fig. 5 (Al is an example of this; the concentrate (c)... is wrapped in bagasse fibers or attached to the fibers by a binder.

In addition, long items such as rice straw, seaweed, vegetables, branches and leaves of trees, and other large items may be cut into appropriate lengths (for example, around 5 to 10 cm) in order to improve the intertwining of the fibers and maintain moldability. , it is necessary to crush it into small pieces. However, if anything other than fermented bagasse has a high moisture content or is stored in poor storage conditions, there is a risk of mold growth or spoilage. In the present invention, sterilization can be performed by heating during the drying process, and since the moisture content is kept to about 10%, such problems hardly occur. Furthermore, before the packaging process, high frequency treatment is applied to remove dust mites, other small animals, bacteria, etc.
The mold may also be killed.

In addition, the sheet-like molded product (C) can be cut into wide pieces as shown in Fig. 5 (bl) to make a plate-like molded roughage (D), or the sheet-like molded product (C)
The rolled forage (E) may be rolled up and shipped in its respective form.However, the shaped forage (D) and (E) must be crushed to make them easier to eat when feeding. There is.

Next, a modification of the device will be described. First, in the stirring step, instead of the blend pot (5) used for patch treatment, a continuous stirring device (as shown) that feeds the fibrous material while stirring it with a vinyl filter or the like may be used. Further, in the case of the continuous compressor (7), a belt conveyor (not shown) that presses from the back side with rolls can be used instead of the slat conveyor. In the cutting step, a guillotine type cutter may be used instead of the cross-cutting roll cutter (9b), or a laser or other cutting means may be used for both length and width. Furthermore, the machines used in the cutting and packaging processes differ depending on the form of the formed roughage.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show examples of other manufacturing apparatuses with different compression steps and drying steps.

In FIG. 6, a continuous compression drying molding machine (3I) with a drying function is incorporated in place of the second continuous compressor (8) (FIG. 2). This continuous compression drying molding machine (31
), the continuous compressor (8) is surrounded by a tunnel-like or cubic-shaped enclosure (32) with partial openings at the front and back, and a hot air inlet (33) and an exhaust port (34) are provided in the enclosure (32). It was established. Since this compressor (3I) dries while applying pressure, the sheet-like molded product (C) is subjected to a heat setting action and a stable compressed state is maintained. In particular, a stable and large compression ratio can be obtained by constantly applying pressure with the spring (30). In this system, continuous drying ta(
The first and third transfer conveyors (14) are not required, but a simple dryer may be provided for more complete dewatering.

Moreover, FIG. 7 shows an example in which a continuous compression dry molding ta (35) having a drying function is incorporated in the first continuous compressor (7). This continuous compression dry molding machine (35) is also covered with an enclosure (32) like the continuous compression dry molding machine (3), and the enclosure (32) has a hot air inlet (33) and an exhaust port (
34). In this system, continuous drying rM (10
) as well as the second continuous compressor (8),
It is necessary to have a large compression ratio so that sufficient compression can be achieved by continuous compression dry molding tM (35). Note that this continuous compression drying molding machine (35) is the continuous compression machine (35) shown in Fig. 2.
Unlike 7), it is vertical and can reduce the installation area, but
The overall structure is the same. Naturally, such a vertical continuous compressor (7) can also be used in the apparatus shown in FIG.

The covers for the continuous compression ta (7) and (8) shown in FIG. 2 are provided for the purpose of safety and dust prevention, and are separate from the enclosure (32). Furthermore, in each figure,
ftlEA (9>to each transfer] :/7 (If) -
(12) ・(13) (7) The cover is also provided for the same purpose.

In each of the above cases, drying is carried out simultaneously with or after compression, but it may also be carried out at the time of stirring and mixing the roughage material (B). In order to uniformly mix blackstrap molasses with fermented bagasse, it is necessary to add extra water, but if this extra water is removed during the stirring and mixing process, the burden on the subsequent process will be reduced. The degree of drying here is 15 to 15, which is preferable for compression.
Approximately 25% or 10-15% that does not require drying in the post-process
degree. An example of the blend pot (5) used in this case is shown in FIG. This blending pot (5) is connected to a blower pipe (5) that further sends hot air or heated steam to the above-mentioned one.
e) An exhaust port (5f) is provided. Further, in the figure, reference symbol (5g) is a motor for rotating the cylindrical body (5a), (5h) is a support roller that rotates the cylindrical body (5a), and (5i) is a temperature sensor.

(5j) A sensor for measuring moisture.

〔effect〕

As detailed above, the method of the present invention involves sandwiching roughage material, which has been thoroughly stirred and mixed with fermented Bacchus and other dry fibrous roughage, as well as various additives, between the conveying surfaces of two conveyors. The material is compressed into a sheet or mat by gradually narrowing the spacing between them, and then cut into plates, blocks, etc., and dried to form shaped roughage. Or,
It is mixed and dried, or compressed and dried, and then cut.

Therefore, it is possible to perform continuous processing in the compression process, making it possible to process extremely efficiently.Since the roughage material is compressed as it is, the fibers are well entwined and the mold does not come loose, and by using heat setting and spring pressure in combination. There is also less compression and decompression, and a compression ratio of 10 times or more can be easily obtained. On the other hand, in order to compress the same roughage material to 1/10 in a press, even if a pressure of 200 kg/an (200 kg/an) is applied for several minutes, it is not sufficient and is inefficient because it is a batch process.

In addition, the volume of roughage can be easily and reliably reduced to I/10 or less, and it can be made into a solid form that is easy to handle and feed. It can significantly reduce the cost, effort, and space required for storage.

Furthermore, by adding blackstrap molasses and concentrated feed, it contributes to livestock's desire to forage and improves their health. It is extremely meaningful, as it has a low moisture content and does not mold or rot, making it possible to store it for a long time. .

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a block-shaped molded roughage obtained by the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a molded roughage manufacturing apparatus used in the present invention, and FIG. A side view showing an example of a continuous compressor, FIG. 4 is a side view showing an example of a second continuous compressor, FIG. 5(a),
fb), (C1 is a perspective view showing other different molded roughage, FIGS. 6 and 7 are side views showing other examples of different molded roughage manufacturing equipment, and FIG. 8 is another example of a blending pot. It is a sectional view showing the following. 1... Fermented bagasse 3... Molded roughage production device 4... Melting stirring tank 5... Blending pot 6... ... Accumulating chute 7 ... First continuous compressor 8 ... Second continuous compressor 9 ... Roll cutter 15 ... Bag making machine with automatic weighing machine 18/19/2
5, 26...Slat conveyor 31, 35...
... Continuous compression drying molding machine A ... Block-formed roughage B ... Roughage material C ... Sheet-like molded product D ... Plate-formed molding Roughage E...Rolled roughage 8 times 5h ':)h 5th
figure

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. The process of appropriately cutting or crushing long or large fibrous roughage, adding additives such as water or concentrated feed as necessary, and stirring and mixing the mixture; A compression step of compressing into a sheet or mat shape, a step of drying the obtained sheet or mat shaped molded product, and a plate shape.
A method for producing shaped roughage, comprising a step of cutting it into blocks or the like. 2. The method for producing shaped roughage according to claim 1, wherein the drying step is performed after the cutting step. 3. From the back side of the slat conveyor or transport surface, place the belt conveyor supported by rollers, etc., with the transport surface facing 2.
The molded roughage according to claim 1, wherein the molded roughage according to claim 1 is arranged in such a manner that the mixture is conveyed through a transport surface whose interval is wide on the inlet side and narrow on the outlet side, and the conveyor is driven to compress the molded roughage under pressure. Production method. 4. The method for producing shaped roughage according to claim 1, wherein the drying step is integrated with the compression step, and a drying device is installed in the rear part of the conveyor row or in the entire conveyor row. 5. The sheet-shaped molded product is fed between two slat conveyors arranged with their transportation surfaces facing each other and the distance between the transportation surfaces is wide on the entrance side and narrow on the exit side, and further compressed under pressure to dewater. The method for producing shaped roughage according to claim 1, wherein the drying is carried out by blowing hot air or heated steam from the surroundings. 6. Stirring and mixing the fibrous roughage that has been cut or crushed into appropriate sizes, adding additives such as water and concentrated feed as necessary while heating and drying the mixture, and compressing the mixture under pressure. 1. A method for producing molded roughage, comprising a step of compressing it into a sheet or mat shape, and a step of cutting the obtained sheet or mat shape into plates, blocks, etc.