JPS62157703A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to shorten a tool exchange time in an NC lathe by providing a turret type tool rest which can be installed on shares with taper shank turning tools and taper shank rotary tools having same cone angle. CONSTITUTION:A middle base 6 sliding in the direction of the X axis is provided on the saddle 4 sliding in the direction of the Z axis on a slant bed 1. In addition a tool rest 8 having a turret 7 is arranged on the middle base 6. The turret 7 is provided with holder bushings 31 having tapered faces. When tools of all kinds required for machining a workpiece are selected, one of the holder bushings 31 is indexed at a tool exchanging position A and a first tool is inserted into the tapered bore of the holder bushing by means of a loader 60. When all tools are inserted, the workpiece is chucked, the turret 7 is turned to index the tool for a first machining process at a machining position B, and then, machining is started. All of the index of required tools and machining are controlled by an NC control system.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an NC machine tool, particularly a lathe, which has a tool rest with fewer restrictions on tools to be installed.

Conventional technology In the tool post, the turret for the rotary tool and the turret for the turning tool were provided separately, and the rotary tool was rotated up to the taper shank, so it was necessary to have a rotation axis in the talent, and the rotary tool A distinction was made between the station and the turning tool station. Furthermore, if both turning tools and rotating tools are capable of automatic tool exchange, the number of turning tools and rotating tools that can be installed is one each.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention If the rotary tool station and the turning tool station are separate, the tools that can be installed are limited or necessary tools cannot be installed, making it difficult to perform optimal tooling and making it difficult to change setups for a variety of workpieces. There was an inconvenience that the number of replacements increased and the replacement time became longer.

Means for Solving the Problems In the first invention, a turning tool 61 j! whose mounting portion is a tapered shank 62b! +, 6112 g, 61 j!
x and a rotary tool 610.61 mg whose mounting part is a taper shank of the same shape as the taper shank. A turret tool rest 8 that can be used to arbitrarily mount a turning tool and a rotary tool whose mounting part is a taper shank of the same shape as the taper shank; Unclamp to release the clamp of N l 5
2, 53, 54, and a driving device that rotates the rotary tool provided in the tool rest 8 and indexed to the machining position! 35, 42
．． 47, and tool clamping devices Z49, 50+51 provided on the tool rest 8 and located at the machining position.

Example Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

The NC lathe is well-known, and the X on the slant head l
On two horizontal guide surfaces 2 in the axial direction, a saddle 4 is slidably placed in an R position, which is rotated by a motor driven by an NC (not shown) and whose position is controlled in the X-axis direction by a feed screw 3. . A slideable intermediate platform 6 whose position is controlled in the X-axis direction by an NC-driven motor 9 is placed on two inclined guide surfaces 5 in the X-axis direction on the saddle 4, and its upper surface is A tool rest 8 is installed which rotatably supports the turret 7. A pivot shaft 11 is fixed to the center of the turret 7, and the pivot shaft 11 is inserted through the turret 8 so that it can integrally move in the axial direction and rotate relative to a piston 13 fitted in a cylinder 12 provided in the X-axis direction of the tool rest 8. A gear 14 and a small gear 15 are keyed to the shaft end. A car pick gear 16 is fastened to the back of the turret coaxially with the rotation shaft 11, and can mesh with a car pick gear 17 fastened to the front of the tool rest 8, so that when pressure oil is sent to the cylinder 12, the car pick gear 16 16.17 engages or disengages. The gear 14 meshes with a gear 19 on the output shaft of an indexing motor 18 provided on the tool post 8, and the rotation of the motor indexes and rotates the turret 7. The index position is detected by the talent index position detector 21 using the gear 2o that meshes with the rotation of the small gear 15. The turret 7 has a plurality of tool mounting positions equally spaced in the X-axis direction on a concentric circle near the outer periphery (12 in this example), and at each of these positions, a large diameter hole 31a is connected to an outwardly opening tapered hole 31a with a step 31b. A boulder bunyu 31 drilled through the hole 31c is buried therein. A tool clamp cylinder 32 having an inwardly opened tapered surface 32a formed on the inner periphery of the tapered hole side end is inserted into the large diameter hole 31c of the holder bushing 31 so as to be slidable in the axial direction. Axial blind holes 3 in several places
1d is bored, and a spring 33 inserted into this hole always biases the clamp tube 32 in the opposite direction from the tapered hole 31a. A ring-shaped intermediate drive bearing plate 34 is attached to the outer periphery of the back side of the turret 7, and the holder bush 3
Intermediate drive shafts 35 are rotatably supported by bearings on the center line of each hole. This intermediate drive shaft 35
A first pawl clutch 36 is fixed to the end on the side of the tool rest, and the holder bush 31 side extends into the clamp tube 32, and a spline is cut into the spline, into which a second pawl clutch 37 is fitted so as to be slidable in the axial direction. It is prevented from coming out by a stop plate 38 at the end of the shaft, and is always urged to protrude toward the holder bushing by a spring 39 interposed on the spline. A ring-shaped lever 40 as shown in FIG. 2 is pivoted by a pin on an inwardly facing protrusion 34a on the outer periphery of the intermediate drive bearing plate 34 so that the free end on the car pick gear side can swing around the tool clamp cylinder 32. A shoe 41 is attached so as to face inward at the center of the ring-shaped lever 40, and a gap is formed in a guide 32b cut perpendicularly to the axis on the outer surface of the tool clamp cylinder 32. It's not engaged. At a position opposite to the intermediate drive shaft 35 indexed to the processing position B, a drive shaft 42 is coaxially supported on the tool rest 8 by a bearing so as to be able to rotate only. On the drive shaft 42, a pawl clutch 43 that engages with the first pawl clutch 3G is prevented from coming out by a stop plate 44 that is slidably fitted on the spline of the drive shaft 42, and is always held by a spring 45 inserted on the spline. It is urged in the projecting direction, and a gear 46 is keyed to the opposite end and meshes with gear 4 on the output shaft of a drive motor 47. Further, a cylinder 49 is provided parallel to the center of the drive shaft 42, and a piston rod 51 that protrudes toward the turret side of the fitted piston 50 has a notch 51a that engages with the inner end 40a of the ring-shaped lever 40. When oil is supplied to the cylinder 42, the ring-shaped lever 40 swings toward the tool rest 8 and pulls the clamp cylinder 32 toward the tool rest to clamp the tool.

Furthermore, a holder bush 3I is installed at the tool exchange position A of the turret 7.
A cylinder 52 is provided on the tool rest 8 coaxially with the cylinder 52, and the end of a piston rod 54 on the turret side of the fitted piston 53 projects so as to be able to push the inner end 40a of the ring-shaped lever 40.

The tool is unclamped by this operation of the piston rod 54. A replaceable tool or tool holder 61 is attached to the tapered hole 31a of the holder bush 31.

Several types of tool holders 61 are available, one for rotating tools and one for turning tools, as shown in FIG. Fifth
The tool holder 61m1 for rotating tools in figure (a) is a robot.
Is the loader significantly gripped by the exchange arm 60? Continuing from lj 62a, there is a taber shank 62b that fits into the tapered hole of the holder bush 31, and a plate 34 that is concentric with the intermediate drive shaft 35 at the tip and protrudes from the holder bush side.
A tool holding shaft 63 is rotatably supported by bearings at both ends at the center of a holder body 62 having a pull stand 62d cut into an annular groove 62C with which a sphere 55 held in a holding portion 34b engages. A pawl clutch 64 that engages with the second pawl clutch 37 of the intermediate drive shaft 35 is attached to the end protruding from the stud 62d, and the gripping groove side is a tapered hole into which a collet 65 is fitted. 66 is threaded to tighten the collet 65. In this case, the drill 70 etc. is held directly by the collet 65, but in the tool holder 61゜1 for a rotary tool shown in FIG. The case 68 is attached to the holder body 62 by connecting both tool holding shafts 63 and 67 with a bevel gear. The turning tool holders 61 g +, 611 z, 61 p, and s shown in FIGS. To attach the tool, attach the body 71 to the holder body 62.
It is to be attached to.

The workpiece to be worked on is determined, the tools necessary for machining are selected, and the tool holder for rotary tools (for example, 61m+ in Fig. 5 (a) and (b)), and the tool holder for 61mg turning in Fig. 5 (c) are mounted on the holder bush 31 of the turret 7. (D) (E) 61 1 +, 611
t, 6113 shall be installed. Saddle 4. The middle platform 6 is controlled in the X and Z axes to position the tool post at the tool exchange position, and pressure oil is sent to the rear chamber of the cylinder 12 to push the turret 7 through the piston 13 and the pivot shaft 11. The car pick gear 16
．． 17 is disengaged and the motor 18 is rotated to index the holder bush No. 1 of the turret 7 to its replacement position. Switch the pressure oil to the front chamber of cylinder 12 and pressurize gear 1.
6.Match 17. At this time, the first claw 7chi 3
6 engages with the pawl clutch 43, but since the ridges may come into contact with each other and do not engage, the motor 47 is rotated. Pressure oil is sent to the rear chamber of the cylinder 52, the piston 53 and the piston rod 54 are advanced, the ring-shaped lever 40 is pushed, and the tool clamp tube 32 is pushed against the spring 33 by the shoe, and the ball 3 is pushed forward.
5 is allowed to move outward. First, the crimper of the loader 60 grips the gripping groove 62a of the rotary tool tool holder 61m+, positions it at the replacement position, and inserts it into the tapered hole 31a of the holder bush 31 of No. 1. When the pull stand 62c of the tool holder 611+++ passes through the inside of the plurality of spheres 55, pressurized air is sent to the front chamber of the cylinder 52, causing the piston rod 54 to retreat and the ring-shaped lever 40 to be freed. The tool clamp cylinder 32 is pushed in by the force of the spring 33, and the sphere 55 becomes an annular shape of the pull stud 62d of the tool holder. a 62 c enters tool holder 6
1m+ is pulled in and the tapered shank 62b is fitted into the tapered hole 31a of the holder bushing 31.

Considering the case where the pawls of the pawl clutch 64 of the tool holder 61m1 are in contact with the crests of the second pawl clutch 37 of the intermediate drive shaft 35 and do not engage, and the second pawl clutch 37 presses the spring 39 and retreats. , rotate the motor 47 to ensure that the second pawl clutch is engaged.

Next, pressurized oil is sent to the rear chamber of the cylinder 12, the curvic gears 16 and 17 are disengaged again, and the holder bush N09 is removed.
2 to the replacement position A, the pressure oil is switched to the front chamber of the cylinder 12, and the car pick gears 16 and 17 are engaged. Pressurized oil is sent to the rear chamber of the cylinder 52, the piston rod 54 is advanced, and the ring-shaped lever 40 is pushed.
Press to allow the sphere 55 to move freely outward. The loader 60 grips the next tool 61m- and holder bush N0.
Insert into the taper hole of 2. Similarly, the tool holder is clamped and the turret 7 is indexed sequentially, and the turning tool tool holder 611
+, 614z, and 61123 into the holder bush.

When the tool is attached to the turret 7, the workpiece is attached to a spindle chuck (not shown), and the turret is rotated to index the tool for the first machining. For example, turning tool 611. shall be. The saddle 4 is controlled by the Z-axis and the middle base 6 is controlled by the X-axis to rotate the main shaft (not shown), and the hydro 9 cuts the outer diameter and further cuts the end face. Next, the rotary tool tool holder 61m is indexed and the motor 47 is driven to drive the drill 70 via the intermediate drive shaft 35.
Rotate.

Then, the saddle 4 is controlled by the Z-axis and the intermediate stand 6 is controlled by the X-axis NC, and the drill 70 is placed at a processing position for the end face of the workpiece, and the main shaft (not shown) is indexed to determine the drilling position and perform drilling. In this way, the necessary tool is selected and indexed, and in the case of a rotary tool, the motor 47 is driven.

Effects As detailed above, the present invention has a tool holder for turning tools and a tool holder for rotary tools with a common tapered mounting shank, a tapered hole on the turret side, and a drive device and a holder clamp at the machining position. Since the holder unclamp device is provided at the device exchange position, one rotary turning tool can be mounted at any position on one tool rest, and there are no restrictions on tooling, making it possible to perform optimal tooling. In addition, it is possible to use frequently used tools and to change tools for simple-shaped workpieces by simply rotating the turret, reducing operation time. Replacement etc. can be done in the same way as with conventional ATC.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of the tool post, Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the IJ ring-shaped lever shape, Fig. 3 is a side view of the same, Fig. 4 is an illustration showing the front of the turret, and Fig. 5 is a tool post. In the diagram showing the model, (a) and (b) are rotating tools. (c), (d), and (e) are diagrams showing how the turning tool is installed.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) A machine tool having a turret tool rest that can be arbitrarily mounted to a turning tool whose mounting part is a taper shank and a rotary tool whose mounting part is a taper shank of the same shape as the taper shank. (2) A turret tool rest that can be arbitrarily mounted by sharing a turning tool whose mounting part is a taper shank and a rotary tool whose mounting part is a taper shank of the same shape as the taper shank;
an unclamping device provided on the tool post to unclamp the tool at a mounting position of both tools; a drive device provided on the tool post for rotating a rotary tool indexed to a machining position; A machine tool having a clamping device for a tool provided and indexed to a machining position. (3) The rotary tool has a tool rotating shaft supported at the center of the taper shank and a claw clutch at the rear end, and the drive device has a claw clutch that engages with the claw clutch. machine tools. (4) The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the turning tool and the rotary tool have shapes that allow tool exchange. (5) The machine tool according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, wherein the tool mounted on the tool post is parallel to the main axis.