JPS62156426A - Multispindle excavator and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To excavate a hard ground without the use of a preceding boring machine by separately extending and contracting or advancing and retracting part or all of plural auger rods in the direction of excavation. CONSTITUTION:When operating a power source 7 and a multispindle decerelator 8, the weights of the power source 7, the decerelator 8, and an auger rod 6 act on each excavating rod 6b to excavate the ground by the propulsion. When the head 6b reaches a hard ground and receives excavating resistance higher than a rotation torque 8, an expander 11 is operated to extend a first and fourth spindles 1 and 4. Second and third spindles become a levitated state and the majority of power and most of load concentrate on the first and fourth spindles to increase the rotation torque and the excavating resistance. When the excavation reaches position (b) and the excavating resistance is again added to the second and third spindles, the first and fourth spindles are contracted ad the excavation is made by the second and third spindles.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a multi-shaft excavator equipped with a plurality of auger rods and a method of using the same.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, the fill-cement column wall construction method has made further progress due to its advantages such as fast construction speed and good water-stopping properties. The multi-shaft excavators used in this construction method can be roughly divided into two types based on the power transmission method.

- is JP-A-52-75809 and JP-A-55-9978.
As seen in the Publication No. 1, etc., the power is transmitted to multiple auger rods via a multi-shaft reducer, and the others are
As seen in Japanese Patent No. 40219, there are power sources corresponding to the number of auger rods, and each auger rod is transmitted individually. In the former case, the power source is not limited to one; The above methods are often used, and all the auger rods are moved forward at once using the power source, the weight of the multi-shaft speed reducer, and the weight of the auger rod itself to perform excavation. This type of multi-axis excavator generally cannot change the pitch of the auger rod freely, but in some cases, when it comes into contact with boulders or other obstacles during excavation, the pitch of the auger rod that has come into contact with the obstacle is changed. In some cases, the torque is concentrated on that auger rod because of the load, but the load is not concentrated.In the latter case, the power source is individually applied1, so
Although the pitch of the auger rod can be changed freely, on the other hand, the torque from all power sources cannot be concentrated only on one auger rod.

In addition, the latter multi-axis excavator, like the former, is basically
All the auger rods are advanced at once using the power source's own weight or the auger rod's own weight to perform excavation, but in some cases, to improve the stability of the excavator, the power source is There is also one that is placed at the bottom of the auger rod and uses an actuator and a wedge to evenly transmit the weight of the power source etc. to all auger rods.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] - When constructing a row of walls with a multi-axis excavator, if the ground at the excavation location is hard, perform preliminary polling in advance, and then perform construction using the multi-axis excavator. Generally, methods such as doing this are taken. This method can be said to be one of the construction methods to avoid difficult excavation conditions caused by insufficient power and load of the multi-axis excavator. However, the ground is naturally not uniform; for example, several 107
Of the 71 construction depths, some ground requires preliminary polling only at the bottom several meters. Even in such a ground,
It cannot be said that the conventional construction method is preferable both economically and in terms of the construction process.In addition, this construction method requires the transportation of advance polling machines and multi-axis excavators, and the assembly and dismantling work. There is also the problem that there is duplication, and it takes time and effort to change construction plans. In order to solve such problems, it may be possible to increase the power and load, but increasing the power and load more than necessary is wasteful and also increases equipment costs!
, This is not a good thing because it is expensive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-axis excavator that solves the above problems without increasing power and load.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-axis excavator equipped with a plurality of auger rods, in which a part or all of the plurality of auger rods are individually extendable and retractable or can move forward and backward in the excavation direction. shall be. In a preferred embodiment, in construction using the multi-axis excavator, it is desirable to apply rotational force to some or all of the plurality of auger rods by distributing power from one or more power sources. During excavation, when hard ground is reached, some of the auger rods are expanded and contracted or moved back and forth to perform the excavation. Therefore, the auger rod that is contracted or retracted does not excavate even if it is connected to a power source, and most of the power and most of the load of the power source is concentrated on the auger rod that is being extended or digging. Therefore, it is possible to excavate hard ground without running out of power or excavation load.

In this excavation method, after a certain stroke amount of excavation is completed,
Excavation of hard ground is performed by retracting or retreating the auger rod during excavation, or extending or advancing the auger rod while it is at rest.In the case of soft ground, less power and excavation load are required. Therefore, according to the present invention, hard ground can be excavated without increasing power and load, and without prior poling.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, a multi-axis excavator 1 generally has a
It has a structure in which a leader 3, which is placed in front of the rack 2 and extends vertically high, is supported by a leader pedestal 4 and a bracket 5. The leader 3 has multiple auger rods 6,...
... are arranged in parallel so that they can move in the vertical direction, and the heads of the auger rods 6, ...
11 - A power source 7 that slides along the dar 3 is mounted.
The power from the power source 7 is distributed to each auger rod 6, . . . via a multi-shaft reducer 8. The number of auger rods 6, . As shown in the figure and Fig. 3, there are often three or four,
The lower part is supported by an anti-vibration device 9 fixed to the leader 3 so as to be movable up and down.

Although a hydraulic motor may be used as the power source 7,
Generally, electric motors are often used. The electric motor is not limited to one, but may be multiple. As shown in the diagram, the power from these electric motors is combined into one by a gear train, and the n1 rotational speed is reduced to the fourth motor.
As shown in the figure, a multi-shaft reducer 8, in this example, a three-shaft reducer, is transmitted to its input shaft 8a, output shaft 8b1, . . . to each auger rod 6, . Evenly distributed.

In addition, by changing not only the gears but also the balls of the electric motor, the number of revolutions can be changed. Each auger lower drawer, which rotates by obtaining rotational torque from the power source 7, is caused by the second factor. As shown in FIG. 3, there are stirring heads 6a, . . . below the shaking device 9, and excavation heads 6b, . . . are attached to the lower end thereof.

The stirring heads 6a, . . . are generally composed of blades or spiral blades. Each stirring head 6a,... tends to expand as the excavation depth increases.
They are restrained from each other by a head connection bearing 10. To the excavation, doro b.

When drilling a hole in the ground by ..., a drilling liquid such as a grouting agent is generally injected from the tip, but the liquid is sprayed onto each output shaft 8b of the multi-shaft reducer 8, ... and the auger. rod 6,
It is designed to be supplied through the cavity of ....

By the way, the configuration of the present invention includes a plurality of auger rods 6,
... is made to be able to expand and contract or move forward and backward in the excavation direction.To give an example of expansion and contraction, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the stirring head 6, am. . . . The expansion and contraction device 11 is provided in the section. When installing a plurality of auger rods 6, . . . on a part of the auger rods 6, .
When there are four auger rods, it is desirable to install them on the first and fourth auger rods or the second and third auger rods 6, etc. from the left, and as shown in Fig. In some cases, it is desirable to install the auger rod at 6% of the center shaft or both ends.

Details of the telescoping device 11 are shown in FIGS. 5 to 9. Although the present invention is not limited to such a telescoping device 11, as explained in accordance with these figures, the telescoping device 11 can be roughly divided into a rotation transmission mechanism 12 located on the outside.
and a hydraulic cylinder mechanism 13 located inside.

The rotation transmission mechanism 12 has a rod joint 14 connected to the auger rod 6 at the top, and a cylindrical slider 15 connected to the drilling head 6b at the bottom. is hollow, through which drilling fluid passes, and at its lower end is a slide guide 16 that has a sliding relationship in the axial direction with the inner surface of the slider 15.
is fixed by a large number of bolts 17, .

The outer surface of the slide guide 16 has two grooves 16a, 16a extending in the axial direction and at symmetrical positions, six grooves 16a.

16a has a spill 1 fixed to the inner surface of the slider 15.
8 and 18 are fitted.

The rotation of the auger rods 6, . . . is transmitted to the slide guide 16 via the rod joint 14.
Due to the relationship between the groove 16a and the slider 15
be transmitted to.

The hydraulic cylinder mechanism 13 is approximately the same as the slide guide 1.
The cylinder 19 is composed of a cylinder 19 and a piston 20 inside the cylinder 6, and the upper end of the cylinder 19 is integrally provided with an inner joint 21 which serves as a hydraulic pressure supply port. The end is connected to a high pressure hose, etc., passes through the hollow part of the auger rod 6, and then the output shaft 8 of the multi-shaft reducer 8.
(b) The cylinder 19 itself is fixed to the inner surface of the slide guide 16 by spacers 22 arranged at equal intervals on its outer circumference and extending in the n1 axial direction. The lower end of the piston 20 is connected to the inner 7 langes 15a of the slider 15.
The slider 15 is fixed to the slider 15 so as to move in the axial direction. As shown in FIG. 8, the internal flange 15a has a large number of holes 15b and is formed to allow drilling fluid to flow to the drilling head 6b located below.

In the multi-shaft excavator 1 configured in this way, the weight of the power source 7 and the multi-shaft reducer 8, which are suspended by wires, acts equally on each auger rod 6, and each excavating head 6b. ,
The weight of the auger rod 6 is also added to the excavation force.

The hole is drilled by this digging force and the rotational torque transmitted from the multi-shaft reducer 8. As the hole is drilled, the power source 7 and multi-shaft reducer 8 descend along the leader 3 to maintain the digging force. Here, when the excavation heads 6b, . At this time, when the expansion and contraction device 11 is operated, that is, when pressure oil is supplied to the cylinder 19, as shown in FIG.
The slider 15 is pushed 1 by the piston 20 and extends downward. As shown in FIG. 10, auger rod 6,...
The number of ... is 4 trees, and the 1st and 4th axes have expansion and contraction devices 11.1
1 is provided, the first axis and the fourth axis are
The weight of the power source 7 and multi-shaft reducer 8 acts on the shaft, and the second and third shafts are suspended in the air, receiving almost no digging resistance, so most of the power and most of the load is Concentrating on the first and fourth axes, rotational torque and digging force are doubled. In order to overcome the excavation resistance by increasing the rotational torque and excavation force of the first and fourth axes, the first and fourth axes excavate hard ground as shown in Figure 11. Excavation proceeds to position b corresponding to S. When the position b is reached, excavation resistance is again applied to the second and third axes, making it impossible to excavate. At this time, when the pressure oil supplied to the expansion and contraction device 11 is removed and the first and fourth axes are reduced, the excavation heads 6b of the second and third axes hit the hard ground, and most of the digging force is acts on the second and third axes, the first and fourth axes become suspended in the air, and most of the power and load are concentrated on the second and third axes, Excavation progresses as shown in the figure. By repeating this process, the hole is drilled to the planned depth. The range of the stroke S of the telescoping device 11 is:

Considering the stability of the device, a range of several 1OcIIL is desirable. Telescopic device 1
1, and in this case, when the excavation head 6b,... reaches the hard ground, the second and third axes can extend by an extension n, as shown in Fig. 14. As the excavation progresses, as shown in Figure 15, the auger rods will be reduced and the first and fourth axes will be used instead to advance the excavation. It is preferable to provide a device 11. In this case, as shown in FIG. 17, the second shaft is extended and most of the power is spent on the first shaft to drill the hole, and when the drilling has progressed to a certain extent, as shown in FIG. Drilling is performed by reducing the size of the shaft and concentrating most of the power on the first and third shafts. In the case of three axes, the second axle may be originally shorter than the other axes as shown in Figure 19, but in such cases, if all auger rods enter hard ground, drilling is still impossible. However, if an expansion and contraction device is installed, it becomes possible to drill holes in hard ground. That is, when each excavation head 6b, etc. becomes unable to excavate, the second shaft is extended, most of the power is concentrated on one axis, and excavation is performed as shown in FIG. 20. When the process is completed, Reduce, 1st
Excavation is performed using the axis and the third axis.

In the above example, the telescoping device is provided under the stirring head 6a, but the telescoping device is not limited to this, and can be installed anywhere on the auger rod. Furthermore, even if it is provided not only on a part of the auger rod but also on all the auger rods, the effect remains the same.

The above explanation is about the case where the auger rod is expanded and contracted within a certain stroke range S, but the object of the present invention can also be achieved by moving the auger rod back and forth within a certain stroke range S instead of using the auger rod.

The auger rod advancing/retracting device can be incorporated, for example, into a multi-shaft speed reducer that distributes power from a power source and applies rotational torque to each auger rod. An example of this is shown in FIG. The illustrated one incorporates an advancing/retracting device 31.31 that allows the auger rods 6L6 of the first and third axes to move forward and backward into the three-axis reduction gear 8 shown in FIG. 4.

The forward/backward movement device 31 includes an output shaft 33 spline-fitted to a gear 32 and an actuator 3 that reciprocates this shaft in the axial direction.
Consists of 4. The actuator 34 is composed of a cylinder 35, a piston 36, and a piston rod 37.

The cylinder 35 is attached to a bracket 38, 38 fixed to the housing of the three-axis reducer 8. The cylinder 35 has a back pressure hole 35a for moving the piston 36 up and down.

35a are provided above and below the piston 36 as a boundary. The pressure supplied into the cylindrical pressure cylinder 35 through the back pressure holes 35, 35 may be either pneumatic or hydraulic. The piston rod 37 is provided with a cavity 37a that communicates with the cavity 33a of the output shaft 33 in order to supply drilling fluid to the drilling head. The piston rod 37 itself is
When the output shaft 33 rotates slowly, rotating together with the output shaft 33 does not affect the function of the actuator 34 as much as it does, but when the rotation is fast, a bearing and a siebel joint are interposed between the output shaft 33 and the output shaft 33. Rotation can be prevented by further providing a rotation prevention means.

In the advance/retreat device 31.31 as described above, when pressure is applied to the upper back pressure holes 35a, 35a, the piston 36 is moved downwards through the cylinder 35.35 and the bracket 38. The shaft reducer 8 is the output shaft 33
．． The auger rod 6 of the second axis is in a floating state with respect to the auger rod 6 of the jffl axis and the third axis. Therefore, almost no digging resistance acts on the auger rod 6 of the second shaft, and the gears 32, 32 and the output shaft 33, .
Most of the power and most of the load transmitted through the spline fitting with the auger rod 6 of the first and third shafts
．． Concentrate on 6. Excavation of hard ground is performed by these two shafts and the power and load. Furthermore, when the piston rod 37 completes the excavation of the stroke length S, the pressure is removed from the upper back pressure holes 35a + 35a, and pressure is instead supplied from the lower back pressure holes 35a, 35a. The auger rods 6.6 of the shaft and the third shaft are raised relative to the second shaft, and most of the power and load is concentrated on the second shaft and drilling takes place. By repeating this process, it is possible to excavate hard ground without prior polling. In all of the above examples, mechanical operations are used to extend and retract or move the auger rod forward and backward. An example of this is shown in FIG. 22, which can also be configured to be performed manually. What is shown in the figure is the expansion and contraction device 41 of the auger rod 6, but it can be incorporated at any location on the auger rod 6.

If we assume that the auger rod 6 is installed in the upper part of the auger rod 6 directly below the multi-shaft reducer 8, the auger rod 6 transmits torque through a wire passing section (wire passing device) 60, and also performs drilling. In order to send the liquid to the drilling head, as shown in the figure, a quadruple pipe 61 to 64 is constructed. Of these, the first outer pipe 61, which is connected to the multi-shaft reducer, has a rectangular hole 61 extending in the axial direction.
The second pipe 62, which has a rectangular hole 61a and transmits torque to the drilling head using the square hole 61a, is formed in the same rectangular shape.
It is slidable in the axial direction within a. The rectangular hole 61a and the rectangular shape here may be of any shape as long as they can withstand torque and deflection, and may be, for example, hexagonal. Since this wire passing device 60 is configured to manually change the stroke S, a tangential pin 65 is used to fix the second tube 62 to the first tube 61. For this purpose, a pair of pin holes 61b, 61b are formed in the first tube 61 at positions tangent to the second tube 62, and semicircular grooves 62b, 62b are formed in the second tube 62, corresponding to the n2 hole. ing. The second pipe 62 has an upper groove 62b so that it can expand and contract with a stroke S.

A groove 62 of the same shape is located below 62b apart from the stroke S.
c, 62c are further carved n.

The third pipe 63 and the fourth pipe 64 are a means for conveying drilling fluid to the drilling head, and are cylindrical in shape and are sealed to each other and are slidable in the axial direction. When changing the stroke S of the auger rod 6 using this telescoping device 60, for example, to further shorten it as shown in FIG.
．． 65, then push down the first tube 61, and insert the pin holes 61b, 61b into the grooves 62c, 62 under the second tube 62.
c, and insert the tangent pin 65°65 into the original pin hole 61.
When extending and retracting the auger rod 6 by returning it to b and 61b, the reverse procedure is required. When extending and retracting the auger rod 6 using this method, it is necessary to expose the extension device 60 to the ground surface. The closer it is to the multi-shaft reducer, the shorter the length required for exposure to be pulled out, and therefore it is preferable to have the device 60 above rather than below. [Effects of the Invention] As explained above, The present invention has the following effects.

■ It is possible to excavate hard ground without using a pre-poling machine or increasing power and load.

■ Relative movement between the auger rods that expand and contract or move back and forth and those that do not generate vertical shearing force in the stirring head, and this shearing force also disturbs the ground, so better stirring is expected. can. Therefore, we can not only excavate in hard ground but also in soft ground.
The above effects can be achieved by extending and contracting the auger rod or moving it forward and backward.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a side view showing one embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a front view of Fig. 1 when there are four auger rods, and Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 1 when there are four auger rods.
The figure is a front view of FIG. 1 when there are three gears, FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway front view of the multi-shaft reducer, FIG. 5 is a half-sectional view showing the main parts of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in Fig. 5, Fig. 7 is a view taken in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 5, Fig. 8 is a view taken in the direction of arrow C in Fig. 5, and Fig. 9 shows the telescopic device shown in Fig. 5 extended. Half sectional views showing the state, Figures 10 to 12 are operational diagrams when there are four auger rods and expansion and contraction devices are provided on the first and fourth axes.
Figures 3 to 14 are operational diagrams when the expansion and contraction devices are provided on the second and third axes, Figures 16 to 18 are operational diagrams when there are three auger rods, and Figure 19. and Figure 20 is
Fig. 21 and Fig. 2 are cross-sectional views showing embodiments of the song of the present invention when the second shaft is short. Source 8...
Multi-shaft reducer 11. 60... Telescopic device 31... Advancement/retraction device Patent applicant: Wright Kogyo Co., Ltd. Patent attorney Yoshihisa Nagai Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 C Sheet pile 1o Figure 13 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 2 Q Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Hand 3 Seller Hosho Sekisho April 21, 1985 1. Indication of the incident 1985 Patent Application No. 299108 2. Name of the invention Multi-axis excavation Machine and how to use it 3, relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent applicant 4, agent

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A multi-axis excavator equipped with a plurality of auger rods, characterized in that some or all of the plurality of auger rods are individually extendable and retractable or movable forward and backward in the excavation direction. (2) Multi-axis excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that some or all of the plurality of auger rods are given rotational force by being distributed with power from one or more power sources. Machine. (3) A multi-axis excavator characterized in that some or all of the plurality of auger rods of the multi-axis excavator can be individually extended and contracted or moved back and forth in the excavation direction, and some or all of the auger rods can be expanded and contracted or moved back and forth during excavation. Excavation method using an excavator. (4) In claim 3, power is distributed to some or all of the plurality of auger rods from one or more power sources to impart rotational force, and some of the auger rods are controlled during excavation. An excavation method using a multi-shaft excavator characterized by extending and contracting or advancing and retreating.