JPS62153394A - Metal working oil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain metal working oil excellent in lubricity, emulsion stability and rustproofness and forming little foam, by using a polymer prepd.l from a specified animal or vegetable ail, fat and fatty acid as a base oil or modifier. CONSTITUTION:Metal working oil contg. a polymer of a viscosity of 80-3000cP at 38 deg.C obted. by polymerizing a mixture of 10-80wt% animal or vegetable oil or fat of an iodine value >=60 and 20-90wt% fatty acid of an iodine value >=50. The animal or vegetable oil or fat (A) to be used includes cod oil, sardine oil, lard, castor oil and cottonseed oil. The fatty acid (B) includes oleicacid, linoleic acid, and recinoleic acid. It is pref. to use A and B in a ratio of 10-80:20-90 for the polymer. It is possible to prepare the polymer by polymerizing a mixture of A and B by heating or oxidation.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a metal working oil, and more specifically, a polymer obtained by polymerizing a mixture of animal and vegetable oils and fats and fatty acids is used as a base oil or an oiliness improver, Suitable for oil-soluble metalworking oils or water-soluble metalworking oils, with excellent lubricity, emulsion stability,
Concerning metal working oil with excellent rust prevention properties and low foaming.

[Conventional technology]

Examples of metalworking oils include cutting oil, grinding oil, rolling oil,
Plastic processing oils such as press oils and drawing oils are classified into various types depending on the name and usage depending on the processing method, such as water-soluble metal processing oils used in aqueous systems and oil-soluble metal processing oils used in non-aqueous systems (threading). There is a way.

These metalworking oils contain palm ura, beef tallow, and
Animal and vegetable oils such as pig intestine and whale oil, or fatty acid esters are used. However, these base oils do not fully satisfy the lubrication performance □ that comes with advances in metal processing technology. More additives such as foaming agents are mixed and used.In an attempt to improve the lubrication properties of the base oil, cold rolling oil for steel plates (Tokuko Showa Co., Ltd. 51-6686).

Furthermore, in addition to lubricating performance, metalworking oils are required to have improved cooling properties as machining speeds increase, and water-soluble metalworking oils are superior in terms of cooling properties.

Conventionally known Menji animals, plants, and fatty acid esters have a low affinity for water, so they are emulsified or solubilized by adding an emulsifier and used as the base oil for water-soluble metal working oils [Lubrication Vol. 29] No. 2 109-1 question.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, in order to emulsify or solubilize a base oil with low hydrophilicity in water, a stable emulsified dispersion system or solubilized system cannot be obtained unless several types of surfactants are used in large amounts. Emulsification or solubilization with a large amount of surfactant not only reduces the lubricity but also generates a large amount of foam during use, which causes undesirable problems in the processing process.

Such problems cannot be solved simply by heat treating the fats and oils. That is, although the lubricity of heat-treated modified fats and oils is improved, its hydrophilicity is further reduced compared to the fats and oils before modification. Therefore, when this is used as a water-soluble metal working oil, a larger amount of emulsifier is required, which exacerbates the above-mentioned problems.

The present invention has been made with attention to the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a metal working oil that is suitable for oil-soluble metal working oils or water-soluble metal working oils, has excellent lubricity, emulsion stability, and rust prevention properties, and has low foaming. With the goal.

[Means for solving problems]

As a result of intensive research to solve the above problems, the present inventors have discovered that oil-soluble metal working oil or water-soluble metal processing oil can be produced by using a polymer obtained by polymerizing a mixture of animal and vegetable oils and fats and fatty acids as a base oil or an oiliness improver. As a processing oil, it has been found to have excellent lubricity, good emulsion stability and rust prevention, and low foaming properties, leading to the completion of the present invention.

That is, the present invention uses animal and vegetable oils and fats with an iodine value of 60 or more, 10 to 80.
% by weight and 20-90% by weight of fatty acids having an iodine value of 60 or more.
This is a metalworking oil containing a polymer with a concentration of 0.000 centipoise.

Examples of animal and vegetable oils with an iodine value of 60 or more used in the present invention include fish oils such as cod oil, sardine oil, mackerel oil, and orange roughy, mixed fish oils containing these fish oils as main ingredients, beef leg oil, chicken oil, and pig intestines. animal oils and fats such as castor oil, palm oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, rice bran oil, etc., and vegetable oils and fats such as hydrogenated animal fats and vegetable oils, and have an iodine value of 60. Hydrogenated fats and oils having the above may be mentioned, and at least one selected from these is used.

The fatty acids with an iodine value of 60 or more used in the present invention include simple fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linoleic acid, ricinoleic acid, erucic acid, seamarinic acid, gadolenic acid, and ceracoleic acid, mixed fatty acids thereof, and animal and vegetable oils and fats. Examples include manufactured fatty acids.

The polymerized oil used in the present invention is obtained by polymerizing a mixture of an animal or vegetable oil having an iodine value of 60 or more and a fatty acid fBl having an iodine value of 60 or more.

The mixing ratio of the animal and vegetable oils used in the polymerized oil and the fatty acid fBl is 10-80: 20-90 in terms of weight ratio of human: (B) 4.
%, and the resulting polymerized oil exhibits better lubricity, rust prevention, and emulsification than polymerized oils and fats and polymerized fatty acids. Animal and vegetable oils and fats are less than 10% by weight and fatty acids (B) are 90%
If the amount is more than 80% by weight, the polymerized oil will not have sufficient lubricity, and if the amount is 80% or more and the fatty acid (B) is less than 20% by weight, the emulsifying property and lubricity will be poor. Further, both the animal and vegetable oils and fatty acids (B) used here preferably have an iodine value of 60 or more. If the iodine number is less than 60, the polymerization reaction will be difficult to occur, and the resulting polymerized oil will not have sufficient lubricating performance (degradation of quality such as coloring and compatibility with mineral oil). It has poor solubility (and its mixture tends to separate, especially at low temperatures, resulting in poor stability).

The viscosity of the polymerized oil of the present invention is 80 to 3,000 at 38°C.
A viscosity of 0 centipoise (hereinafter referred to as rcPJ) is preferable, and a polymerized oil having a viscosity within this range has excellent lubricity, emulsifying property, and compatibility with mineral oil. If the viscosity is less than 80 CP, the amount of unreacted fatty acids (fb) contained in the polymerized oil increases, and the polymerized oil has a high equinox point (compatibility with mineral oil at low temperatures decreases, resulting in water-soluble metalworking oil). When used for metal processing, too much foam is formed and workability is reduced.If the viscosity exceeds 3,000 CP, the lubricity, compatibility with mineral oil, and emulsifying property are reduced, and the surface of the workpiece after metal processing is deteriorated. This makes it easier for stains to remain.

The polymerized oil of the present invention can be produced by polymerizing a mixture of animal and vegetable oils and fatty acids (Bl) by heat or oxidation. The desired polymerized oil can be obtained by stirring for 3 to 30 hours.

Also, after charging the mixture, reduce the pressure in the reaction system to 150~
The desired polymerized oil can also be obtained by stirring at 280°C for 13 to 30 hours.

In the case of oxidative polymerization, the desired polymerized oil can be obtained by stirring the mixture at 100 to 250° C. for 2 to 30 hours while introducing air or oxygen into the reaction system.

Note that a catalyst can also be used in the thermal polymerization and oxidative polymerization reactions.

The polymer of the present invention can be used alone as a base oil for metal working oil or as an oiliness improver, but in this case, the higher the concentration of the polymer oil of the present invention, the higher the lubricity can be obtained.

When used in combination with animal and vegetable oils, mineral oils, other oiliness improvers, and extreme pressure additives, it is preferable to use one containing at least 4% polymerized oil from the viewpoint of lubricity during metal processing. Below, the effect decreases. Furthermore, since the polymerized oil used in this application has self-emulsifying properties, when used as a water-based metallurgical P1 oil, the amount of surfactant used is extremely small, which is not only economical. (A metalworking oil with significantly less foaming is obtained.

Further, known lubricating oil additives such as extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, antifoaming agents, surfactants, etc. can be freely added to the lubricating oil composition of the present invention for the purpose.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to Examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

In addition, the physical property values shown in the examples were measured by the following method.

Test method The viscosity at 38° C. was measured using a B-type viscometer.

Seizing load Nigel type high speed four-ball friction tester ball-172
Inch measurement temperature 208C Chamber shaft rotation speed 60Orpm Sample Polymerized oil = 60 spindle oil (wt ratio 30
: Mixed oil hue of 70) Nigardner colorimetric method Asus mineral oil Its compatibility: Dissolve the polymerized oil in 60 spindle oil to make a 3Q wt% solution, leave it in O'C for 7 days, and then separate. The degree of damage was determined visually.

○: Good △: Slight separation or some precipitate at the bottom ×: Separated into two layers Emulsion stability: Sample oil 50 rlN/and ion exchange water 4
Transfer 50 ml to a 1000 ml tall beaker (100 ml
mmφX 200 mmH) and heated to 80℃ in a constant temperature bath
Heat to. Install a homomixer in a T- so that the distance between its lower end and the inner bottom of the tall beaker is 2 cm, and when the liquid temperature reaches 8°C, stir at 10.00 rpm for 5 minutes, then let it stand for 1 hour. The emulsified state of the liquid was judged as follows: ○: The height of the emulsified layer is 95% of the height of the entire charged liquid.
More than △: The height of the emulsified layer is 85 to the height of the entire charged liquid
95% ×: The height of the emulsified layer is 85% of the height of the entire charged liquid.
Rust prevention: A steel piece (2X 12X
After soaking the entire surface of the emulsion (76 mm), the steel piece was erected and fixed vertically so that the lower half was immersed in the emulsion, and left as it was at room temperature for two weeks. After being left standing, the steel pieces were degreased, and the rust prevention properties were evaluated based on the condition of the steel pieces as follows.

○: No change △: One minute rust occurred X: Considerable rust occurred Friction coefficient: The friction coefficient at 25° C. was measured using a pendulum type oil-based friction tester.

Example 1 Refined fish oil (mixed fish oil mainly containing Taraura, IV 170) that has been deoxidized and bleached according to a conventional method is mixed with Raney Nickel Q, 4
wt%, hydrogen pressure 1.5 kg/cm2, reaction temperature 160
Hydrogenation reaction was carried out at ±200, IV39.58.9
A 4-point hydrogenated fish oil of 1.107 was obtained.

In addition, a portion of each of the four hydrogenated fish oils with IVs of IV 39 to 107 obtained above was hydrolyzed with immobilized lipase (derived from Candidan lindracea) according to a conventional method, and each of the hydrogenated fish oils with IVs of IV 42.64. 95.114 hydrogenated fish oil fatty acids were obtained.

Next, as shown in Table 1, 1000g of a 1:1 mixture of hydrogenated fish oil with rV39-107 and hydrogenated fish oil fatty acid with rV42-114 was added to a 2000m/
The temperature was raised to 160℃ for 30 minutes, and at the same temperature, the mixture was heated to about 1000CP while blowing air into the mixture.
(38'C) was reacted to obtain a polymerized oil.

The reactivity of the mixture (time to reach a predetermined viscosity), the lubricating performance of the obtained polymerized oil (seizure load in 3Q wt% spindle solution), hue (Gardner color), and compatibility with mineral oil were measured, The results are shown in Table-1.

In addition, soybean oil of IV 133 and rapeseed fatty acid of IV 116 were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:1, and polymerized at 160°C while blowing air in the same manner as above to obtain a viscosity of 1020CP (3
A polymerized oil having a temperature of 8° C.) was obtained. The physical properties of the obtained polymerized oil are shown below.
1, Nα9.

From the results in Table 1, the IV of hydrogenated fish oil is 60 or less (Nα
1 to 3) and hydrogenated fish oil fatty acids with an IV of 60 or less (Nα
The polymerized oil obtained from the mixture of 1.4.5) has poor reactivity, poor lubricity, poor hue, and poor compatibility with mineral oil, and cannot achieve the objectives of the present invention.

Example 2 Hydrogenated fish oil of IV91 and hydrogenated fish oil fatty acid of IV95 used in Example 1 were used in a weight ratio of 5:95 to 85:
15 mixtures were prepared at 6 points, each containing 1000 ml of this mixture.
Pour g into a 2000 ml stainless steel reaction pot,
The viscosity is approximately 1000 C at 290 C while blowing nitrogen.
The reaction was carried out until the temperature reached P (38°C) to obtain a polymerized oil.

The lubrication performance (seizure load and friction coefficient in 3Qwt% spindle oil solution), compatibility with mineral oil, emulsion stability, rust prevention, and foaming properties of the obtained polymerized oil were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. It is shown in Nα1-6.

In addition, rapeseed oil of IV 116 and oleic acid of IV 89 were mixed in a weight ratio of 60:40, heated and reacted at 290°C in the same manner as above to obtain a polymerized oil, and the various properties of the resulting polymerized oil were The performance is shown in Nα7 in Table 2.

Next, as a comparative example, various performances of polymerized oils obtained by polymerizing Natanebura and oleic acid individually are shown in Table 2, Nα8 (polymerized oil of Natanebura) and N09 (polymerized oil of oleic acid).

From Table 2, the mixing ratio of hydrogenated fish oil is 5% (No. 1
) has poor lubricity and compatibility with mineral oil, and 85% (N
α6) has poor emulsifying properties and poor lubricity (both of which cannot achieve the purpose of the present invention.

Example 3 Hydrogenated fish oil of IV91 and IV114 used in Example 1
A 1:1 weight mixture with hydrogenated fish oil fatty acid was reacted at 160±2° C. with air blowing in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 8 polymerized oils having viscosities of 72 to 3424 CP (38° C.). The lubricating performance, compatibility with mineral oil, emulsion stability, rust prevention, and foaming properties of the obtained polymerized oil were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3 (Nα
1 to 8).

In Table 3, polymerized oil with a viscosity of 72CP (Nα1) has poor lubricity and compatibility with mineral oil, and 3424CP (Nα1) has poor lubricity and compatibility with mineral oil.
(Nα8) has poor compatibility with mineral oil and emulsion stability, and is not suitable for practical use.

Example 4 Animal and vegetable oil (hydrogenated fish oil IV 90, Nataneura IV
116, soybean oil IV 133) and fatty acids (hydrogenated fish oil fatty acid IV 110, soybean decomposition fatty acid IV 138, oleic acid IV 89) as shown in Table 4, and a 1:1 mixture thereof was prepared in Example 1. Similarly, without blowing air, the reaction was carried out at 160±2°C to produce polymerized oils A to D shown in Table 4.
I got it.

Table 4 The obtained polymerized oils A-D were used as sample oils and the following cutting tests were conducted to evaluate their lubricating 1'lE ability during cutting. The results are shown in Table-5.

As a comparative example, a similar cutting test was conducted using Natanebura (IV116).

Cutting test method The sample oil was dissolved in 60 spindle oil to make a 2ONvt% solution. Using this solution, the cutting resistance value was measured using a vertical internal drawing flotation tester, and the roughness of the cut surface was measured using a stylus type rougher. The lubrication performance during cutting was evaluated by measuring in the cutting direction using a measuring machine.

Cutting condition testing machine: 3 ton vertical internal drawing broaching machine Tool: 1
Maximum cutting depth per blade: 0.05 mm, width: 7 mm.

Pitch 8 mm, material S KH55 (7) Ki 7" Roche tool workpiece material: S-45C Cutting speed: 2 m/min Table 5 Example 5 Polymerized oil A-D obtained in Example 4 was used as a sample oil, and this The sample oil was dissolved in paraffinic mineral oil (8-stone turbine oil 32) to make a 3 wt% solution.The lubrication performance of this solution in a deep drawing test for aluminum was evaluated using a high-speed deep drawing tester.The results is shown in Figure 1.

As a comparative example, a deep drawing test of aluminum was conducted in the same manner as above using a 3 wt% paraffinic mineral oil solution of oleic acid.

Test conditions Test machine Ni-Tokyo Test Machine Deep drawing test machine Punch diameter 32 mmφ, die diameter 35 mmφ, processing speed 1 m/sec Processing material Ni-aluminum plate (JIS A 1100.0 thickness 1
mm) as a disc of 62.4 mmφ (
Aperture ratio 1.95) to 58. Q mmφ (aperture ratio 2
．． Eight points (diameter increase rate Q, 8 mm) up to 125) were used for the test.

Sample oil coating amount: 1 g/m2, coated on both sides of processed material Example 6 Using the polymerized oils A-D obtained in Example 4 as emulsified oils, the following rolling test was conducted to evaluate the lubrication performance during rolling. The results are shown in FIG.

As a comparative example, a rolling test was conducted in the same manner as above using rapeseed oil (IV116) and a commercially available product (tallow-based rolling oil).

Sample Preparation The emulsified oil having the composition example shown in Table 2-6 was prepared by emulsifying it in a homomixer.

Rolling test method Two lines with a spacing of 5Q mm (l!t) are drawn on the steel plate before rolling, emulsified oil is applied to this steel plate, and after rolling, the distance between the two lines (l!t) is drawn. !z) was measured, and the rolling reduction ratio was determined using the following formula. Further, the rolling load (ton) at that time was measured using a load cell.

The conditions for the rolling test were as follows.

Rolling machine: Four-high rolling mill Work roll Diameter 150 mm x Width 140 mm Backup roll Diameter 250 mm x Width 14 Q mm Roll material Chrome steel roll Peripheral speed 3 Q m/min Rolling material: 5PC-C Thickness 0.6 mm y Width 5Q mm x length 150m
Application of Emulsified Oil 2 The sample shown in Table 6 was sprayed with oil to the biting part of the steel plate during rolling.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, the metal working oil of the present invention contains a polymerized oil obtained by polymerizing a mixture of animal and vegetable oils and fatty acids, and is used as a base oil or an oiliness improver. Compared to the commonly used beef tallow, lard, etc., it has superior lubricity and rust prevention properties, so it can be used in metal processing such as cutting, grinding, rolling, pressing, and drawing to obtain workpieces with a good finished surface. Demonstrates good performance in the amount used. Furthermore, it has excellent self-emulsifying properties and emulsification stability, and can be used in a wide variety of ways as an oil-soluble metal working oil or a water-soluble metal working oil, and has the effect of improving workability because of its low foaming.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1: Load-drawing ratio phase opening showing the results of a deep drawing test of aluminum according to Example 5 of the present invention. FIG. 2: A load-reduction ratio correlation diagram showing the results of a rolling test according to Example 6 of the present invention. Patent applicant: Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.'pI1 diagram

Claims (1)

[Claims] Contains a polymer with a viscosity of 80 to 3,000 centipoise at 38°C obtained by polymerizing a mixture of 10 to 80% by weight of animal and vegetable oils and fats with an iodine value of 60 or more and 20 to 90% by weight of fatty acids with an iodine value of 60 or more. A metalworking oil characterized by: