JPS62138678A - Drying controller for cereal grain drier - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an improvement in a grain dryer that dries grain while circulating it inside the machine.

(Prior art) When harvested grains are dried using this type of device, the grains are placed in a storage chamber, then led to a drying chamber to be dried, and then returned to the storage chamber again. The grains are dried while being circulated.

During this time, the moisture value of the grains being dried is measured using a moisture meter, and the drying rate is detected based on the temporal change in the measured moisture value, and the detected drying rate matches the predetermined reference drying rate. In this way, so-called drying rate control is performed in which the temperature of a drying heat source such as a burner is raised or lowered relative to a set temperature.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, when there is a large variation in the moisture content of the packed grain, such as in the early stage of drying, the accuracy of the detected drying rate decreases, so If you want to change the hot air temperature based on
There was a problem that not only was the drying rate control inappropriate because the hot air temperature injection was changed to a temperature higher than the appropriate value, but there was also a greater possibility that grains would develop shell cracking, leading to a decline in quality.

Furthermore, in the early stage of drying, when the moisture content of the grain is low, but the moisture content varies widely, if the dry g rate control described above is performed, even though the moisture content of the whole grain is decreasing, There is a possibility that the moisture content is not reduced and the detected drying rate becomes equal to or less than the is drying rate. When the detected drying rate falls below the standard drying rate, conventionally the hot air temperature is raised once in order to bring the detected drying rate to the standard drying rate, making drying rate control inappropriate. In addition, there was a problem in that the possibility that the grains would be cracked would increase, leading to a decrease in quality.

In addition, conventional drying loss rate control, for example in the case of paddy, is generally started when the drying progresses and the moisture content of the paddy reaches about 22%. However, the moisture content of paddy is 22%.
Even if the moisture level of the paddy reaches a certain level, if the above-mentioned drying control is performed when the moisture content of the paddy is large, the temperature of the hot air will be increased more than necessary, which will not only make the drying loss rate control inappropriate, but also cause the paddy to deteriorate. There was a problem in that the possibility of the shell cracking increased, leading to a decline in quality.

As described above, conventionally, there have been various problems as described above due to variations in the moisture content of grains.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that improves the quality of finished grains by determining the moisture content of grains and performing drying control in accordance with the variations. There is a particular thing.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve this object, the first invention provides a moisture meter 19 for measuring the moisture value of grains during drying, as shown in FIG.
a drying rate detection means A for detecting a drying rate from a temporal change in the measured moisture value measured by the moisture meter 19; a drying loss rate control means B that controls the hot air temperature to be raised or lowered with respect to a set temperature so as to match the drying rate; and a drying loss rate control means B that controls the hot air temperature to increase or decrease with respect to the set temperature so as to match the drying rate; The moisture value variation calculation means compares the moisture value variation calculated by the moisture value variation calculation means with a predetermined value, and when the variation is greater than the predetermined value, the drying rate control means controls the increase in hot air temperature. It consists of a rise control stop means E for stopping.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the second invention includes a moisture meter 19 that measures the moisture value of the grains during drying, and a drying loss rate that is calculated from the temporal change in the measured moisture value measured by the moisture meter 19. so that the drying rate detection means A to be detected and the drying rate detected by the drying rate detecting means A match a predetermined reference drying rate,
a drying loss rate control means B that controls the temperature of the hot air to be raised or lowered relative to the set temperature; and a moisture value dispersion calculation means that calculates the dispersion from the moisture values measured multiple times by the moisture meter in the early stage of drying. , Initial average moisture calculation means F for calculating the average moisture of the Jl + constant moisture moisture values of the moisture meter multiple times at the initial stage of drying.
The average content calculated by the initial average moisture content calculation means F-c and the variation calculated by the moisture value variation calculation means are compared with each predetermined value, and if the average moisture content is below the predetermined value and the moisture value is When the variation exceeds a predetermined value, the drying rate control means B stops the hot air temperature increase control.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, the third invention includes a moisture meter 19 that measures the moisture value of the grains during drying, and detects the drying loss rate from the temporal change in the measured moisture value measured by the moisture meter 19. so that the drying loss rate detected by the drying rate detecting means A and the drying rate detecting means A match a predetermined reference drying rate,
a drying loss rate control means B that controls the temperature of the hot air to be raised or lowered relative to the set temperature; and a moisture value dispersion calculation means that calculates the dispersion from the moisture values measured multiple times by the moisture meter in the early stage of drying. , an initial average moisture calculating means F that calculates the average moisture from moisture values measured multiple times by the moisture meter at the initial stage of drying; and an average moisture calculating means F calculated by the initial average moisture calculating means and the moisture value variation calculating means. The variation calculated in is compared with each predetermined value, and when the average moisture content is less than the predetermined value and the variation in the moisture value is greater than the predetermined value, the temperature rise control by the drying rate control means B can be stopped. control stopping means E; and set temperature lowering means for lowering the set temperature of the hot air when the average moisture content is below a predetermined value and the dispersion of the moisture value is above a predetermined value, based on the output signal of the control stop means E; It consists of H.

(Function) In other words, in the first aspect of the invention, in the early stage of drying, the moisture value variation calculation means calculates the moisture value variation from the moisture values measured multiple times by the moisture meter 19, and the variation in the calculated moisture values is adjusted to a predetermined value. When it is larger than the value, the increase control stop means E stops the increase control of the hot air temperature by the drying-loss rate control means B.

Further, in the second invention, in the early stage of drying, the moisture value variation calculating means calculates the variation from the moisture values measured multiple times by the moisture meter 19, and the initial moisture value calculating means F calculates the variance from the moisture values measured multiple times by the moisture meter 19. The average moisture content is calculated from the measured moisture value, and even if the calculated average moisture content is less than a predetermined value, when the variation in the calculated moisture value is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the increase control stopping means E controls the drying rate control means B. This is to stop the control of the increase in hot air temperature.

Furthermore, in the third invention, at the initial stage of drying, the moisture value variation calculation means calculates the variation from the 4111 constant moisture value of the moisture meter 19 a plurality of times, and the initial average moisture calculation means F calculates the variation from the plurality of 4111 constant moisture values of the moisture meter 19. The average moisture content is calculated from the measured moisture value, and even if the calculated average moisture content is below a predetermined value, if the variation in the calculated moisture value is north of the predetermined value, the increase control stopping means E controls the drying rate. Control means B
This is to stop the increase control of the hot air temperature by the set temperature lowering means H, and to lower the set temperature of the hot air by the set temperature lowering means H.

(Example) Hereinafter, the first to third inventions will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a grain dryer to which the embodiment of the first invention is applied.

In the figure, 1 is the storage chamber of the dryer, and 2
A pair of floating grain plates 2 are installed so as to be inclined so that the interval becomes narrower toward the bottom, and each grain grain plate 2 forms a floating grain plate 3.

Two mesh plates 4 are connected in parallel to each lower side of the floating grain plate 2,
A drying chamber 5 is formed between them. A hot air chamber 6 is formed between the two inner mesh plates 4.4 provided near the center of the storage chamber 1, and between the two outer mesh plates 4.4 and the left and right machine walls 7. A ventilation chamber 8 is formed in the υ1 ventilation chamber 8, and the ventilation fan (not shown) is connected to the ventilation chamber 8.

The hot air chamber 6 is connected to a burner 9 which is a drying heat source. This burner 9 is supplied with fuel from a fuel tank 12 by a pump 11 when a fuel valve 10 is opened. Further, by controlling the fuel valve IO, the amount of fuel supplied to the /<- space 9 changes.

Reference numeral 13 denotes a grain collection room formed in the shape of a gutter, on the bottom of which a cross-feeding helix 14 is installed, the end of which is connected to the lower entrance of the elevator 15. Reference numerals 16 and 16 designate rotary valves pivotally supported at the lower end outlets of the drying chambers 5 and 5, respectively, and their rotation causes the grains in the storage chamber 1 to flow out through the drying chamber 5 and into the grain collection chamber 13.

The upper exit of the elevator 15 is connected to a grain feeding spiral 17 installed on the ceiling of the storage room 1. Reference numeral 18 denotes a rotatable diffusion plate that extends below the outlet of the grain feeding helix 17 and spreads grains evenly into the storage chamber 1.

Furthermore, a moisture meter 19 that measures the moisture value of the grains being dried and a grain temperature sensor 20 that measures the temperature of the grains that are being dried are installed at predetermined locations inside the machine, and external temperature sensors are installed at predetermined locations outside the machine. An outside temperature sensor 21 is provided to measure the outside temperature. Further, a hot air temperature sensor 22 for measuring the temperature of the hot air from the burner 9 is provided near the burner 9.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the control system of the first embodiment of the invention.

In the figure, 25 is the A/D converter, moisture meter 1
9. Convert each analog signal from the layer sensor 20, the outside temperature sensor 21, and the hot air temperature sensor 22 into digital signals, and send them to the CPU (micro processor) 26.

Reference numeral 27 denotes an input setting device, which includes a drying switch, a barge state setting switch, a grain type setting switch, a target moisture setting switch, a drying loss rate setting switch, and the like. The output from this input setting device 27 is supplied to the CPU via an input interface circuit 28.

The CPU 26 is a ROM (read-only memory) 29
In addition to performing various calculations as described later based on the control procedure shown in FIG. 6, which is stored in advance in
Control each component. 30 is a readable/writable RAM (
Random access memory), which temporarily stores various data such as measurement data.

31 is an output interface circuit, which receives various control signals from the CPU 26 and, in accordance with the control signals, controls not only the burner 9, the fuel valve lO, and the pump 11, but also the grain circulation motor 32 and the warning signal. The control target, such as the buzzer 33, is driven. In addition, 34 is a display section 3 that displays various types of information.
This is a display unit driver that drives 5.

Next, an example of the operation of the embodiment of the first invention configured as described above will be explained with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

In this embodiment, when the drying switch disposed on the input setting device 27 is turned ON (step SL), in the next step S2, the outside temperature is detected from the outside temperature sensor 21, and the amount of filling is Detects grain amount according to switch settings.

In step S3, the hot air temperature from the burner 9 is calculated based on the above-mentioned detection results, and the calculated hot air temperature is set as the hot air set temperature T. In step S4, the moisture meter 19 measures the moisture value of the grains at regular intervals eight times in the early stage of drying.

Next, in step S5, the variation is calculated from the N moisture values obtained in step S4. Methods for calculating the dispersion of moisture values include selecting the maximum and minimum values from among N moisture values and finding the difference between the maximum and minimum values, as well as calculating variance and deviation. The method of determining is suitable.

In step S6, it is determined whether the variation in the moisture value of the grain calculated in step S5 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and when the variation in moisture value is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, the flag FC is set to °゛1'' and the step S7) On the other hand, when the variation in moisture values is less than a predetermined value, the flag FG is set to "O" (step S8). Thereafter, the timer is turned on and counted for a predetermined period of time, and the timer is then turned off (steps S9 and 510).

In step Sll, the moisture meter 19 determines the moisture value of the grain fl+6 times, and in the next step S12, calculates an average moisture value by averaging the moisture values of the grains. In step 513, based on the average moisture value, the rate of change in the average moisture value per unit time is detected (calculated) as the drying loss rate.

In step S14, it is determined whether the detected drying rate is greater than or equal to the upper limit value A of the predetermined reference drying rate.If it is greater than the upper limit value A and is on the verge of overdrying, hot air is removed in step 515. The set temperature T is lowered by, for example, 4°C, and on the other hand, when it is lower than the upper limit value A, the process proceeds to the next step S16.

In step S16, it is determined whether the detected drying rate is less than or equal to the lower limit value B of the reference drying rate, and if a negative determination is made,
When the detected drying rate exists between the upper limit value A and the lower limit value B of the reference drying rate, there is no need to change the set hot air temperature T, so it is left unchanged (step 517).

On the other hand, if an affirmative determination is made in step S16 and the drying is on the verge of being insufficient, it is determined in the next step S18 whether the content of the flag FG is 1'°, that is, whether the dispersion in the moisture value of the grains is greater than or equal to a predetermined value. do.

Then, in step 318, if the variation in the moisture value is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the hot air set temperature T is increased.
Since it is not preferable to control the temperature of the hot air from the
step 517).

On the other hand, when the variation in the moisture value is less than the predetermined value in step 318, it is preferable to increase the hot air temperature T to increase the hot air temperature from the burner, so in the next step S19, the hot air temperature T is increased. For example 4°
Increase C.

Next, the second invention will be explained. Each structure of the embodiment of the second invention is the same as that shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and only the drying control is different as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 7, so a description of each structure will be omitted.

Next, an example of the operation of the second embodiment of the invention will be explained with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

Now, when the drying swift is turned on and drying starts (
Step 521), in step S22, the grain type is read from the setting of the grain type setting switch, and the set drying rate is read from the drying rate setting switch. Next, in step S23, the amount of filling is read from the setting of the amount setting switch. Based on the reading of each setting, one circulation time of the grain in the machine is calculated in step S24.

Next, in step S25, a measurement interval t for measuring the initial moisture value of the grain with the moisture meter 19 is set. This measurement interval t changes depending on the amount of grain stuffed into the machine.

In step S26, the moisture meter 19 measures the initial moisture value of the grain, and the measurement is performed multiple times at the previously set measurement interval t. To explain this in detail, for example, in a so-called single grain resistance type moisture meter in which the moisture meter 19 measures the moisture value of each grain, for example, 64 grains are individually measured during one measurement. The moisture value of the sample is measured, and these measurements are performed, for example, four times at each measurement interval. Therefore,
The measurement data of the moisture value of the grains obtained at this time is 256 pieces.

In step S27, the plurality of measured moisture values obtained in step 526 are averaged to calculate an average moisture content. For example, formula (1) is used to calculate the average moisture content from the 256 individual measured moisture values Msi obtained as described above.

Next, in step S28, steps S26 and S27
Calculate the outside standard deviation from the data obtained in . For example, the 256 individual measured moisture values Ms obtained as described above
When calculating the slogan deviation using i and the result of equation (1), equation (2) is used.

In step 529, it is determined whether the average moisture content calculated in step S27 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value. If it is greater than or equal to 19%, the process proceeds to step S32 to perform drying loss rate control. On the other hand, if it is less than 19%, the next Step S30.

In step 530, it is determined whether or not the standard deviation calculated in step S28 is less than or equal to a predetermined value, and if it is determined that the variation in grain moisture is small, for example, 2% or less, the drying rate is controlled. Since there is no problem even if the process is performed, the process advances to step S32.

Start drying rate control.

On the other hand, when it is determined that the standard deviation is 2% or more and the moisture content of the grains is highly variable, it is inappropriate to perform drying rate control, so drying rate control is stopped in step S31. Dry at constant temperature. However, in the case of constant temperature drying, when the drying loss rate becomes equal to or higher than the reference drying loss rate, the hot air temperature may be controlled to be lowered.

Next, the third invention will be explained. Each structure of the embodiment of the third invention is the same as that shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and only the drying control is different as shown in FIG. 8, so a description of each structure will be omitted.

Next, an example of the operation of the third embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

Now, when the drying swift is turned on and drying starts (
Step 541), in step S42 the grain type is read from the setting of the grain type setting swifter, in step S43 the loading amount is read from the setting of the loading amount setting swifter, and in step S44 the setting drying rate is read from the setting of the drying rate setting swifter. Read the reduction rate. And based on reading each setting like this,
In step S45, one circulation time of the grain in the machine is calculated.

Next, in step S46, a measurement interval t is set for measuring the moisture value of the grain at the initial stage of drying using the moisture meter 19. This measurement interval changes depending on the amount of grain loaded into the machine.

In step 547, based on the above reading result, 7<-
The temperature of the hot air from step 9 is calculated, and the calculated hot air temperature is set as the set temperature Tc. Then, in the next step S48, the set temperature Tc is lowered by, for example, 4° C., and the burner 9 is ignited in step S49.

In step S50, the moisture meter 19 measures the moisture value of the grain in the early stage of drying a plurality of times, and in step S51 averages the measured moisture values to calculate an average moisture content. 550 and 551
Calculate the standard deviation from the data obtained. These series of processes are similar to the series of processes in the embodiment of the second invention.

Next, in step S53, it is determined whether the average moisture content calculated in step 351 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.
When the temperature is 2% or more, the process proceeds to Step 2 S54, and the hot air temperature, which was lowered in Step 348, is returned to the set temperature Tc to perform drying. Then, in step S55, the moisture meter 1
In step 9, measure the moisture value of the grain multiple times, calculate the average moisture content by averaging the multiple measured moisture values, and when the average moisture content becomes 22% or less, perform drying rate control. Since there is no problem, drying loss rate control is started in step S57.

On the other hand, if the average moisture return is 22% or less in step S53, it is determined in step S58 whether the standard deviation calculated in step S52 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.

When the standard deviation H is, for example, 2% or less and it is determined that the variation in moisture content of the grains is small, the process proceeds to the next step S59, and the hot air temperature that was once lowered in step 348 is returned to the set temperature Tc. In step S57, drying rate control is started.

On the other hand, in step S58, the standard deviation
% or more and it is determined that there is a large variation in the moisture content of the grains, it is not preferable to return the hot air temperature that was lowered in step S48 to the set hot air temperature Tc and perform drying, so proceed to the next step S60. Proceed, step S
For example, by keeping the hot air temperature low as set in step 48,
Continue drying for ln hours. Thereafter, as the moisture variation of the grains decreases, step 561 returns to step 548
The hot air temperature that has been lowered is returned to the set temperature Tc, and drying rate control is started in step S57.

(Effects of the Invention) As explained above, according to the first invention, the variation in the moisture value of grains is calculated in the early stage of drying, and when the variation in the calculated moisture value is larger than a predetermined value, the hot air temperature is Since the lifting control is stopped, the kernels are prevented from cracking, and the quality of the dried kernels can be significantly improved.

Further, according to the second invention, in the early stage of drying, not only the variation in the moisture value of the grains but also the average moisture content of the grains is calculated, and even if the calculated average moisture value is less than a predetermined value, the moisture content of the grains is Since the hot air temperature increase control is stopped when the variation in values is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the kernels are prevented from cracking, and the quality of the dried kernels can be significantly improved.

Furthermore, according to the third invention, in the early stage of drying, the variation in the moisture value of the grains is calculated and the average moisture content of the grains is calculated, and even if the calculated average moisture content is less than a predetermined value, the variation is When the temperature exceeds a predetermined value, the control to increase the hot air temperature is stopped and the set temperature of the hot air is lowered, which prevents the grain from cracking and significantly improves the quality of the dried grain. I can do it.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 3 are functional diagrams of each of the first to third inventions, FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a grain dryer to which the first embodiment of the invention is applied, and FIG.
The figure is a block diagram of the control system in the first embodiment of the invention.
The figure is a flowchart showing an example of the operation, FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the second embodiment of the invention, and FIG.
3 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the embodiment of the invention. 19 is a moisture meter, A is a drying loss rate detection means, B is a drying loss rate control means, C is a drying heat source, D is a moisture value variation calculation means, E is an increase control stop means, F is an initial average moisture calculation means, H means to lower the set temperature. Patent Applicant: Iseki No Ichiki Co., Ltd. Agent: Maki Tobe (2 people) Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure ``'' 4 Condolences

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A moisture meter that measures the moisture value of grains during drying, a drying rate detection means that detects a drying rate from a temporal change in the measured moisture value measured by the moisture meter, and the drying rate detecting unit. a drying rate control means for controlling the hot air temperature to increase or decrease relative to a set temperature so that the drying rate detected by the means matches a predetermined reference drying rate; moisture value variation calculating means for calculating the dispersion from moisture values measured a plurality of times; and comparing the dispersion of the moisture value calculated by the moisture value dispersion calculating means with a predetermined value, and when the dispersion is larger than the predetermined value, the drying loss is calculated. A drying control device for a grain dryer, comprising an increase control stop means for stopping the increase control of hot air temperature by a rate control means. (2) a moisture meter for measuring the moisture value of grains during drying; a drying rate detection means for detecting a drying rate from a temporal change in the moisture value measured by the moisture meter; and a drying rate detecting means for detecting the drying rate. a drying rate control means for controlling the hot air temperature to increase or decrease relative to a set temperature so that the drying rate detected by the means matches a predetermined reference drying rate; moisture value variation calculation means for calculating the dispersion from the moisture values measured multiple times by the moisture meter; initial average moisture calculation means for calculating the average moisture from the moisture values measured multiple times by the moisture meter in the initial stage of drying; The average moisture content calculated by the average moisture content calculation means and the variation calculated by the moisture value variation calculation means are compared with respective predetermined values, and when the average moisture content is less than the predetermined value and the variation in the moisture value is more than the predetermined value, A drying control device for a grain dryer, comprising a rise control stop means for stopping the hot air temperature rise control by the drying loss rate control means. (3) a moisture meter for measuring the moisture value of grains during drying; a drying rate detection means for detecting a drying rate from a temporal change in the moisture value measured by the moisture meter; and a drying rate detecting means for detecting the drying rate. a drying rate control means for controlling the hot air temperature to increase or decrease relative to a set temperature so that the drying rate detected by the means matches a predetermined reference drying rate; moisture value variation calculation means for calculating the dispersion from the moisture values measured multiple times by the moisture meter; initial average moisture calculation means for calculating the average moisture from the moisture values measured multiple times by the moisture meter in the initial stage of drying; The average moisture content calculated by the average moisture content calculation means and the variation calculated by the moisture value variation calculation means are compared with each predetermined value, and when the average moisture content is less than the predetermined value and the variation in the moisture value is more than the predetermined value, the above-mentioned an increase control stop means for stopping the hot air temperature increase control by the drying rate control means; and based on the output signal of the increase control stop means, when the average moisture content is below a predetermined value and the dispersion of the moisture value is above a predetermined value, A drying control device for a grain dryer, comprising a set temperature lowering means for lowering the set temperature of the hot air.