JPS62102954A - Attachment with calibrator of machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the occurrence of a machining error at a right angle or the like and allow the high-precision machining or a work by detecting a distance from a reference plane with a detector fitted facing the reference plane extending in the shift direction of a main shaft to control a main shaft shifting drive unit. CONSTITUTION:During the shift of an angle head 22 in the X-axis direction, a detector 24 invariably detects a distance from a reference plane 31A, and a detected signal is fed to an NC unit via an transmitter 25, a receiver 26, and an amplifier 27. This NC unit 21 has a function reading the fluctuation of detected outputs from the detector 24, and if the fluctuation quantity exceeds an allowable fixed quantity, the NC unit 21 rotates an X-axis motor 11 positively or reversely in response to the plus or minus fluctuation of detected outputs. Accordingly, the angle head 22 is slightly shifted in the X-axis direction by an X-axis drive unit 8 during the shift in the Z-axis direction by a Z-axis drive unit 10, and a plane 30B can be machined to become a high-precision vertical plane with respect to a plane 30A.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an attachment for a machine tool, such as an angle or a 7-door, and in particular an attachment equipped with a calibrator for obtaining precision in the perpendicularity of a workpiece. Regarding.

[Background technology and its problems]

For example, in a machine tool such as a horizontal milling boring machine, the movement of the column in the X-axis direction, which is the horizontal direction with respect to the bed, the movement of the spindle head, etc., with respect to the column in the X-axis direction, which is the earthwork direction, and the movement of the spindle head, etc. By moving the ram, etc. in the Z-axis direction, which is the front-rear direction, the main shaft provided on the ram, etc. moves in the orthogonal three-wheel directions of x, y, and z while being controlled by the control device according to the rotation program, and rotates. The workpiece is machined into a predetermined shape using a tool attached directly to the five tips of the spindle or via an attachment such as an angle head.

When machining a workpiece by rotating the spindle, thermal distortion occurs in the forward and backward moving members such as rams that rotatably support the spindle due to the heat generated by the bearings, the generation of spindle rotation morphs, and the machining heat in the tool. In addition, when the forward/backward moving member is moved forward, the center of gravity shifts, and these causes deflection at the tip of the spindle, which causes machining errors in terms of perpendicularity, straightness, parallelism, etc. when machining the workpiece with the tool. arise.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention focuses on the fact that since attachments such as angle heads attached to the spindle are equipped with tools, the attachments are installed close to the workpiece machining location using these tools, and thereby reduce machining errors such as squareness with high precision. This was done in recognition of the fact that attachments can be used effectively for correction.

The purpose of the present invention is to prevent the occurrence of machining errors such as squareness,
The purpose of the present invention is to provide an attachment with a calibrator for a machine tool that can achieve high-precision machining of a workpiece.

[Means and effects for solving the problem] Therefore, the calibrator attachment of the machine tool according to the present invention is detachably attached to the main shaft of the machine tool that moves in orthogonal three-wheel directions, and is also provided with a calibrator for processing the workpiece. The tool is an attachment that is connected to the spindle and rotates, and is equipped with a detector that faces a reference surface that extends in the direction of movement of the spindle. is detected, and the detection output is manually input to the control device of the machine tool to control the spindle movement drive device.

〔Example〕

Figure 1 shows an overall view of the machine tool. A column 3 is disposed on the head 1 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction via a column base 2. A spindle head 4 is attached to the column 3 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction. It is provided so that it can freely move forward and backward in the axial direction.

A main shaft 7 rotated by a motor 6 is built into the ram 5, and a workpiece machining tool is attached to the tip of the main shaft 7, either directly or via an attachment.

By moving the column 3 in the X-axis direction, the spindle head 4 in the Y-axis direction, and the ram 5 in the Z-axis direction, the spindle 7 moves in three orthogonal axes of X, Y, and Z, and is fixedly set on a table (not shown). The workpiece is machined into a predetermined shape and size using a tool based on the machine program.

The above-mentioned movement of the main shaft 7 in the three orthogonal axes directions is carried out by the X-axis drive device 8, the Y-axis drive device 9, and the Z-axis drive device 1 as the main shaft movement drive devices shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4. These drive devices 8.9° IO are
Each shaft motor 11, 12゜13, column 3, spindle head 4
, a screw shaft 14.15.16 which is screwed onto the ram 5 and which moves them by its feeding action when rotated, and a motor 11.1.
2.13 and a reduction gear train 17.18.19 connecting the screw shaft 14.15.16. In the X-axis drive device 10 shown in FIG. 4, the ram 5 and the screw shaft 16 are connected by screwing the screw shaft 16 into a connecting portion 20 provided on the ram 5. X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis motor I1.1
2.13 is the machine tool control 1111 NC (t
r! 1. Value control■) is connected to the device 21, and this NC device 21 controls the starting timing of the motors 11, 12, 13,
The number of rotations and the rotation speed are controlled, thereby driving the drive device 8.
9.10 is driven based on the cutting program, and the workpiece is machined by the tool.

A connecting shaft is incorporated inside the angle head 22 as an attachment attached to the main shaft 7, and this connecting shaft has a driving force bending transmission part bent at 90 degrees, and a tool 23 is attached to the tip thereof. , the tool 23 is connected to the main shaft 7 via a connecting shaft and rotates. angle to rad 2
2, a detector 24 such as an electric micrometer, a laser oscillator, etc. is installed on the upper part of the angle head 22 in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and at the front part of the angle head 22 in the embodiment shown in FIG. This detector 24 is connected to a transmitter 25 .

A radio wave signal detected by the detector 24 from the transmitter 25 is received by a receiver 26 attached to the spindle head 4, and the receiver 26 is connected to the NC device 21 via an amplifier 27. The angle head 22 is provided with a push button type switch 28, and when the switch 28 is pressed and turned on, the transmitter 25 is energized.

Next, we will discuss the effect.

Workpiece 3 in the X-axis direction and Z-axis direction in Fig. 2
In order to obtain the perpendicularity of the 0 planes 30A and 30B, first, the tool 29 is attached to the main shaft 7, and the main shaft 7 is moved in the X-axis direction by driving the X-axis drive device 8 by the rotation of the X-axis motor 11. The surface 30A is flattened using the tool 29. Then tool 2
9 is replaced with an angle head 22, and the detector 24 is made to face the reference surface 31A of the reference member 31. This reference member 31
The reference surface 31A extends in the X-axis direction, which is one of the moving directions of the main shaft 7, and the perpendicularity with the machined surface 30A is set accurately in advance. Further, when the angle head 22 is attached to the main shaft 7, the switch 28 is pressed into contact with the tip end surface of the ram 5, and is turned on.

Thereafter, the ram 5 is moved forward by the Z-axis drive device 10, and the surface 30B is machined using the tool 23 of the angle head 22. While the angle head 22 is moving in the X-axis direction, the detector 24 constantly detects the distance from the reference surface 31A, and this detection signal is sent to the NC device 21 via the transmitter 25, receiver 26, and amplifier 27. This NC device 21 has a function of reading fluctuations in the detection output from the detector 24,
If this amount of variation exceeds a certain amount allowed, N
The C device 21 rotates the X-axis motor 21 forward or backward depending on whether the detection output is positive or negative, thereby causing the X-axis motor 21 to rotate in the X-axis direction during movement in the The angle head 22 is moved by a small amount in the X-axis direction by the drive device 8, and the surface 30B is machined to be a highly accurate perpendicular surface to the surface 30A.

Workpiece 3 in the Y-axis direction and X-axis direction as shown in Figure 3
In order to obtain the squareness of the surfaces 30A and 30C of 0, first process the surface 30A with the tool 29 as described above, then
This replacement is performed by tilting the attitude angle of the throat 22 by 90 degrees from the angle described above. The detector 24 is made to face the reference surface 32A of the reference member 32, and this reference surface 32A is inclined at 90 degrees with respect to the reference surface 31A. By driving and controlling the Y-axis drive device 9, a perpendicularity of 15 degrees is obtained between the surface 30A and the surface 30C.

In the above, by setting the reference surfaces 31A and 32A to be parallel to the other surface of the pre-processed workpiece 30, the surfaces 30B and 30C are finished to have a high degree of parallelism with this surface. be able to.

As shown in FIG. 4, the 21M drive device 10 can also be driven and controlled by the NC device 21 based on the detection signal from the detector 24. In this embodiment, a linear step portion 33A extending in the X-axis direction is formed on the workpiece 33 with accurate straightness. The detector 24 is made to face the reference surface 34A of the reference member 32 extending in the X-axis direction, and while the angle head 22 is moved in the X-axis direction by the X-axis drive device 8, ZIll is set by the NC device 21 according to the detection signal from the detection 2S24. ] By controlling the drive device IO, the stepped portion 338 can be finished to have accurate straightness in the X-axis direction.

The fiftieth example shows an embodiment in which two detectors 24 are attached to the angle head 22 at an attachment angle of 90 degrees.

These detectors 24 are connected to the reference surfaces 35A and 3 of the reference member 35.
When processing workpiece 36 facing 5B, workpiece 3
The surface 36A of No. 6 is parallel to the reference surface 35A, and the stepped portion 36B is straight in the direction in which the reference surface 35B extends.

In the above, the detector 24 is provided at the throat 22 at the angle where the tool 23 is provided, and the detector 24 is placed near the workpiece machining location by the tool 23.
For example, the accuracy of workpiece machining can be improved compared to when the ram 5 is attached to the ram 5.

The reference surface that the detector 24 faces may be the surface of a reference member that is separated from the workpiece as in the above embodiments, but
The surface of the workpiece itself can also be used as the reference surface. In addition, in the above embodiment, a transmitter 25 and a receiver 26 were used for radio waves in order to manually transmit the detection signal from the detector to the NC device 2. , a cord connection for extraction may also be used.

Furthermore, in the machine tool of the above embodiment, the vertically moving member that moves in the Y-axis direction is the spindle head 4, and the longitudinally moving member that moves in the X-axis direction is the ram 5. As shown in the figure, the present invention also applies to a machine tool in which a column 37 is provided with a saddle 38 as a vertically movable member, a spindle head 39 as a forward and backward moving member is assembled to this saddle 38, and a spindle 40 is provided on this spindle head 39. is applicable. Furthermore, although the above embodiments are for the case where the Z-axis direction, which is the axial direction of the main shaft, is horizontal, the present invention can also be applied to machine tools such as plano mirrors and gantry where the Z-axis direction is vertical. . Further, the attachment to which the detector is attached may be, for example, an extension head or a speed increasing head in addition to the angle head, and the present invention can be applied to any attachment.

Furthermore, the attachment with a calibrator according to the present invention can be used not only for final finishing of a workpiece, but also for obtaining straightness during rough finishing machining where tool vibration is large during machining of a workpiece, for example.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, it is possible to process a workpiece while preventing the occurrence of machining errors such as squareness due to thermal distortion, etc., and a highly accurate workpiece can be obtained.

In particular, according to the present invention, the detector is attached to the attachment and detects a location close to the location where the workpiece is being machined by the tool, so that machining accuracy such as squareness can be made highly accurate.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is an overall perspective view of the machine tool, Figure 2 is a diagram showing the working method for obtaining the perpendicularity of the workpiece, and the mechanical and electrical configuration of the machine tool, and Figure 3 is a diagram showing the other perpendicularity of the workpiece. Figure 4 is a diagram similar to Figure 2 showing the working method to obtain straightness of the workpiece, Figure 5 is a diagram similar to Figure 2 showing the working method to obtain the straightness of the workpiece, and Figure 5 is a diagram with two detectors attached. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the main parts of another machine tool. 7.40... Main shaft, 8... X-axis drive device which is a drive device for moving the main shaft, 9... Also Y-axis drive device, 10.
...Also the X-axis drive device, 21...N which is the control device
C device, 22...Angle head which is an attachment, 23.29...Tool, 24...Detector, 30°33.36...Workpiece, 31A, 32A, 34A. 35A, 35B...Reference plane.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) An attachment for a machine tool that is equipped with a tool for machining a workpiece, is detachably attached to the main spindle of the machine tool that moves in three orthogonal axes, and connects the main spindle and the tool to rotate the tool. A detector is provided which faces a reference surface extending in the direction of movement of the spindle and detects the distance between the reference surface and the reference surface while the spindle is moving in the movement direction, and the output from this detector is sent to a control device of the machine tool. An attachment with a calibrator for a machine tool that controls the spindle movement drive device by inputting it to the machine tool.