JPS6194546A - Mechanism for rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To simplify an apparatus economically and enhance the efficiency of the apparatus, by providing a current transformer between the outside connecting terminals of an armature winding and an outside connecting appliance, and by introducing exciting current. CONSTITUTION:The primary winding 1 of a current transformer 7 is connected in series between the outside connecting terminals 3-5 of an armature winding 2 and an outside connecting appliance 6, and the secondary winding 8 of the current transformer 7 is connected in series between the outside connecting terminals 3-5 of the armature winding 2 and a rectifier 9. Exciting current is provided between the intermediate terminals 10-11, 12-13, 14-15 of the armature winding via the rectifier 9 through the outside connecting terminals 3-5 of the armature winding 2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the structure of a surface rolling electric machine, in which:
Especially regarding synchronous machine structure. Here, the synchronous machine structure does not just mean the structure of a synchronous generator or a synchronous motor, but also includes a so-called thyrist motor whose main body has the same structure as a synchronous machine. However, in order to simplify the explanation, the following explanation will be limited to the synchronous generator. These shall apply to all areas of synchronous machine construction.

Recently, a concept has emerged that omit the exciter with a brushless synchronous machine structure. Patent No. 801991 and Patent No. 801992 are examples of this, but as the capacity increases, in these known systems that use alternating current as the excitation current, the alternating current excitation capacity has to be increased. The inventor invented Patent Application Publication No. 224549 in 1982. According to this, the armature winding and the secondary winding of the transformer are electrically connected, one end of each phase of the primary winding of the transformer is connected to each phase terminal of the armature winding, and A rectifier is connected between the next winding and the armature winding.

However, such a connection has the disadvantage of complicating the entire device. The above transformer has a voltage winding and a current winding as the primary winding, and also has a secondary winding, and on top of that, it is necessary to install a fairly large reactive element such as a reactor in series with the voltage winding. It is from.

The invention filed on September 13, 1982, ``Structure of a rolling electric machine,'' is the applicant's own invention;
The purpose is to simplify the structure of Patent Application Publication No. 224549, reduce the cost and improve efficiency, and in order to achieve this purpose, the following structure is adopted. That is,
The terminal of the secondary winding of the current transformer whose primary winding is connected to the external connection terminal of the armature winding and the external connection wire, and the terminal of the reactive element connected to the external connection terminal of the armature winding. are connected in parallel to a rectifier, and electrically connected between the intermediate terminals of each phase of the armature winding through the rectifier, thereby connecting the secondary winding of the current transformer. The arrangement is such that an excitation current is passed from the wire to the armature winding via the reactive element and from the external connection terminal via the rectifier in parallel. However, such inventions require reactive elements in addition to current transformers, and the devices are still complex.
It is thought that there is room for improvement in terms of efficiency as well.

The present invention eliminates brushes and exciters, improves the shortcomings of such conventional devices for surface-turning electric machines in which two types of current are passed through the armature windings, simplifies the device, and reduces the cost. The purpose is to increase the efficiency of the device.

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. The rectifier 9 is connected to the external connection terminals 3, 4, and 5 of the armature winding 2 by passing the secondary winding 8 of the current transformer 7 connected in series between the external connection equipment 6 of the rolling electric machine and the external connection terminals 3, 4, and 5 of the armature winding 2. The intermediate terminals 10-11, 12-13, and 14-15 of the armature winding 2 are electrically connected to each other through the intermediate terminals 10-11, 12-13, and 14-15 so as to supply the exciting current. The external connection device 6 here is a load device when the above-mentioned surface rolling electric machine is a generator, and a power source device when the above mentioned surface rolling electric machine is an electric motor. Furthermore, the secondary winding 8 of the current transformer 7 is made to work as a reactor when supplying exciting power from the external connection terminals 3, 4, 5 to the armature winding 2 via the rectifier 9, and in that case is made to be an unsaturated reactor. For,
An air gap shall be provided in the magnetic circuit.

In this way, in FIG. 1, the armature winding 2 forms a three-phase winding with a double star-connected stator. The rotor portion is not shown in FIG. 1, and the electrical connections of the rotor will be described later. Armature winding 2 is three-phase winding 1
The current flowing through these windings is divided into two types: a load current and an excitation current. Considering the winding 17 for one phase in the above three-phase winding, the current indicated by the dotted line arrow indicates the direction of the load current at a certain moment, and the direction of the solid line arrow is the exciting current. be. FIG. 2 shows an example of one phase of the stator armature winding, which corresponds to the winding 17 in FIG. 1 from the external connection terminal 3 to the neutral point 16. The connection of one armature winding connected from terminal 3 is double parallel connection, and one of the two circuits of parallel winding connection between one terminal 3 and the other terminal 16 is connected. The coil connections A and B thus made create two magnetic poles at different locations on the inner surface of the stator, and the coil connections C and D made by the other of the two circuits allow the two magnetic poles to be connected to each other on the inner surface of the stator. The coils A and D are brought into contact with each other so that the same magnetic poles are created by A and D, and the same magnetic poles are created by B and C. 1 at the point where the coils are brought into contact and where the coils A and B are connected.
1, and a connecting terminal 10 at the point connecting the coils C and D, so that the 20 DC side terminals in the rectifier 9 in Fig. 1 are connected to these terminals 10-11. Arranged in The dotted arrows in FIG.
indicates the direction of current flowing through the armature winding 17. As a result, in Figure 2, four magnetic poles are created by the load current,
It can be seen that two magnetic poles are created by the excitation current.

Similarly, in the case of FIG. 3, it can be seen that a two-pole magnetic pole is created by the load current, and a four-pole magnetic pole is created by the excitation current.

The DC side terminals of 20, 21, 22 constituting the rectifier 9 are connected to the armature windings 17, 18, 19 as a result of the phase-sequential connection.
. These connection descriptions are based on Patent Application No. 217625 of 1982.

In FIG. 1, the secondary winding 8 of the current transformer 7, together with its magnetic circuit, serves as a reactor. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a gap in the magnetic circuit of the current transformer 7. The excitation current that passes from the armature winding 2 to the secondary winding 8 of the current transformer 7, passes through the rectifier 9, and is applied to the armature winding 2 itself due to the reactor effect of the secondary winding 8. lags behind the voltage between terminals 3, 4, and 5 by nearly 90 degrees. On the other hand, when the load current flows through the primary winding 1 of the current transformer 7, the current is forced to flow through the secondary winding 8, but the current is forced to flow from the armature winding 2 through the secondary winding 8. The vector composition of the current flowing through the current transformer and the forced current in the secondary winding 8 due to the load current flowing through the current transformer is similar to a three-winding transformer with a voltage winding and a current winding as the primary winding. have an effect. In the case of a three-winding transformer, a reactor is also connected in series with the primary voltage winding. In the case of no load, the exciting current is only supplied from the armature winding 2 through the current transformer secondary winding 8.
No forced current is caused by current transformer action. When the load current flows through the primary winding 1 of the current transformer, the current forced to flow through the secondary winding serves to compensate for the voltage drop due to the armature reaction, that is, the current transformer 7 Therefore, compound winding characteristics are provided, and variations in terminal voltage due to variations in load can be compensated to some extent. However, since the armature reaction differs depending on the power factor of the load current, an automatic voltage regulator 23 must be used to keep the generator terminal voltage constant regardless of changes in the power factor and current. It is necessary to adjust the excitation current. The automatic voltage regulator 23 is arranged to detect the voltage of the AC bus 24, compare it with a set voltage value, and act on the control element of the rectifier 9 based on the comparison value to automatically control the voltage of the AC bus 24. That's what I do.

The numbers of magnetic poles created by the currents indicated by the dotted line and the solid arrow in FIG. 1 are in a 1:2 relationship with each other, and the relationship between these numbers of magnetic poles and the current flowing in the rotor winding is as follows. FIG. 4 shows the rotor windings and rectifier 25 on the rotor. The number of magnetic poles created by the current shown by the solid arrow in the armature winding 2 is two in Figure 2, but a voltage is generated in the excitation winding 26 wound around the same two poles as this number of magnetic poles. do. In this way, the excitation winding 26
The electromotive force generated in the field winding 27 passes through the rectifier 25.
A direct current is applied to the In the case of FIG. 4, the field winding 27 is connected like a three-phase winding of an induction motor stator winding, and the three-phase winding 28,
Two phases 29 and 30 of 29 and 30 are connected in parallel, and the other winding 28 is connected in series. A four-pole field is created in the rotor by supplying current to such field winding 27 from the DC terminal of the rectifier 25, which is shown in the armature winding 2 by the dotted arrow in FIG. In response to the current caused by the electromotive force, a four-pole magnetic field is created in the example shown in FIG. 2, and correspondence is generated between the four poles. In this way, it is basically considered that the action between the stator armature winding and the rotor winding is that they interact with each other when they have the same number of magnetic poles in terms of flowing current or generated electromotive force. It is based on the idea that things with different numbers do not interact with each other.

FIG. 5 shows a system in which the rotor winding is used both as an excitation winding and a field winding, and FIG. 5 shows an example in which the winding is wound in two layers. The winding arrangement is based on Patent Application No. 13 of 1982.
No. 0604, the windings 31 are arranged in a three-phase double star connection. However, although the windings 32 and 33 and the windings 35 and 36 are arranged around neutral points 39 and 40, the windings 34 and 37 constituting another phase are arranged around neutral points 40 and 39 opposite to each other. connected to. In the winding 31, 32,
33 and 34 are winding arrays that should be one star-shaped connection arrangement, and 35, 36, and 37 are winding arrays that should be another star-shaped connection arrangement. Regarding these matters, similar relationships are adopted in FIG. 7 for the stator windings, so they will be explained there. In FIG. 5, the external connection terminals 41, 42, 43 of the three-phase windings connected in this way are connected to the AC side terminal of the rectifier 38, and the DC side terminal of the rectifier 38 is connected to the neutral point 3.
Connect between 9 and 40. If an exciting current is passed through the armature winding in the direction of the solid arrow in Figure 1, creating two magnetic poles as shown in Figure 2, then the rotor will produce two magnetic poles as shown in Figure 5. It generates an electromotive force in the direction shown by the solid arrow, and acts as a two-pole winding. As a result, a current as indicated by a dotted arrow is caused to flow through the rectifier 38 to the rotor winding 31. Therefore, a four-pole field is created, which rotates and generates an electromotive force in the armature winding 2 as shown by the dotted arrow in Figure 1.
A current will flow through it, which corresponds to the dotted arrow in Figure 2, and it will act as a four-pole machine.

FIG. 6 shows another arrangement example of the rotor windings. The example in FIG. 5 is a two-layer winding, but the example in FIG. 6 is a single-layer winding. Rectifiers 48, 49, 50, and 51 are connected to all four-winding circuits 44, 45, 46, and 47, respectively, and conductors are housed in 20 grooves as shown. In this case, the excitation current indicated by the solid arrow shown in Figure 1 causes the third
When four magnetic poles are created as shown in the figure, an electromotive force corresponding to four poles is generated in the rotor winding, but the rectifier 4
Due to the actions of 8 to 51, a current always flows in the direction of the solid arrow in FIG. 6, creating two field poles as a whole.

This is because the resistance of the winding is compared to its inductance value.
This is the result because it is very small. Eventually, the rotor becomes a two-pole field, which rotates and generates an electromotive force in the armature winding 2 of FIG. 1 as a two-pole machine in the direction of the dotted arrow, causing current to flow through the load.

FIG. 7 can be used instead of FIG. 1.

The figure shows one star connection with the first set of three-phase windings 52-53-54 and the second set of three-phase windings 55-56-5.
In the stator armature windings of the arrangement to form another star connection at 7, the winding 54 of one phase of each of the three phases to form the first and second star connection windings. 57 and the two pairs of star-shaped neutral points 58 and 59 are arranged so as to be connected in reverse to each other. That is, each single star connection forming a double star connection consists of three-phase windings, and the three-phase winding arrangement consists of windings arranged in electrically symmetrical positions with respect to each other. It refers to a line.

For example, the windings 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, and 57 in FIG. 7 are completed with the winding arrangement shown in FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b). The letters 1 to 36 shown consecutively below the coil piece are the groove numbers; those written in solid lines indicate the coil pieces at the upper opening, and those written in dotted lines indicate the coil pieces at the lower opening. It is something that In the figure, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 5
7 is an armature winding, which corresponds to the winding with the same symbol in FIG. A circuit from the external connection terminal 3 to the neutral point 58 via the winding 52 and a circuit to the neutral point 59 via the winding 55 are also shown in FIG. 9(b). This figure 9 (
In b), the arrangement of the windings 52 coming out from the external connection terminal 3 is indicated by groove numbers: 1-2-3-10-11-12, 19-2.
It is 0-21-28-29-30. The arrangement of the windings 53 coming out from the external connection terminal 4 is indicated by groove numbers 13-14-
15-22-23-24, 31-32-33-4-5-
It is 6. Considering symmetrically, the arrangement of the windings 54 coming out of the external connection terminal 5 shown in FIG.
7-8-9-16-17-18. Considering this, the windings 52, 53, 54 are arranged in symmetrical positions, thereby typically forming a symmetrical three-phase star connection;
Although the neutral point 58 should be shared, in the present invention the winding 52
, 53, 54 is not connected to the neutral point 58, but is connected to the other neutral point 59. A similar relationship holds between the windings 55, 56, and 57, in which one-phase winding 57 is not connected to 59, which should be the neutral point of the windings 55-56-57, and the other It is connected to the neutral point 58 of the winding.

In this way, two types of current flow through the armature winding 2 of FIG. 7. In other words, in Fig. 7, 52 for one phase,
A load current indicated by a dotted arrow drawn along 55;
This is the excitation current indicated by the solid arrow. Figure 10(a) (
b) shows an example of one phase of the armature winding 2, which corresponds to the windings 52 and 55 in Figure 7, and shows the connection between the external connection terminal 3 and the neutral points 58 and 59, and the The flow of current and the resulting change in the number of poles are shown. Figure 10 (a
) and (b), even if the windings are connected in the same way, if the direction of current flow changes, the number of magnetic poles created by the current flowing there will be 8 poles on one side and 4 poles on the other. The pole number ratio is 2
This shows that it is possible to have a ratio of 1 to 1 or 2 to 1. In the current flowing through the armature windings 52 and 55 in FIG. 7, the dotted arrow indicates the direction of the load current at a certain moment, and the solid arrow indicates the direction of the exciting current. After all, the relationship between the two types of currents flowing in the armature winding 2 in Figure 7 and the number of magnetic poles created by them is the same as the two types of currents flowing in the armature winding 2 in Figure 1 and the number of magnetic poles created by them. Similar to the number relation, the first
What has been said with respect to FIG. 7 can be similarly said with respect to FIG. In FIG. 1, 12 rectifier elements are required to constitute the rectifier 9, whereas in FIG. 7, only 6 rectifier elements are required.

FIG. 11 is a vector diagram for explaining the action of the current transformer 7 of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 7. E
O is the no-load induced electromotive force of the synchronous generator, V is the terminal voltage of armature winding 2, jXSI is the armature reaction voltage drop,
I is the load current. When there is no load, the secondary winding 8 of the current transformer 7 is used as a reactor, and the reactor and rectifier 9 are connected to the terminal voltage V of the armature winding 2 in FIG.
The voltage drop seen from the AC terminal of the rectifier 9 due to the current iO flowing through the current iO is RiO, and the reactance voltage drop at the secondary winding of the current transformer 7 due to the current iO is jXOiO perpendicular to RiO. On the other hand, when a load current of I flows through the primary winding 1 of the current transformer 7, a current of I2 flows through the secondary winding 8, which is vectorially equal to iO flowing during no load. The combined iL will flow to the secondary winding 8. The voltage drop seen from the AC side terminal of the rectifier 9 due to this current iL is RiL including the resistance R, and the reactance voltage drop of the secondary winding 8 of the current transformer 7 due to the current iL is jXLiL. OMNH is on the circumference with OH as the diameter. F is the magnetomotive force under no load, Ff is the field magnetomotive force under load, and Fa is the armature reaction magnetomotive force. In this way, if ΔNMO, ΔGHO, and ΔABO are similar, the terminal voltage of the armature winding 2 will be controlled to be constant.

With such a current transformation device 7, armature reaction voltage drops in the load current can be compensated fairly well. However, in some cases, it is necessary to more precisely control the terminal voltage of the generator or the voltage at the supply end to the load to a constant value, and in that case, the automatic voltage regulator 23 is also used. In that case, the voltage of the AC bus 24 is detected and compared with the set voltage in the voltage regulator 23, and the error is applied to the control element of the rectifier 9, thereby adjusting the excitation current given to the armature winding 2. This automatically adjusts the voltage of the AC bus 24 to a constant value.

It is also conceivable to connect a capacitor 60 to the circuit of the secondary winding 7 of the current transformer 7. In this case, the connection between the primary winding and the secondary winding of the current transformer 7, as shown in FIG. 8, is slightly different from that shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, but is essentially the same. In the case of Figures 1 and 7, as explained earlier, when a load current flows through the primary winding 1, the reactance value of the secondary winding as a reactor works to be smaller than when there is no load. connected as possible.

The features of the effects of the present invention described above can be summarized as follows.

(1) An invention filed on September 13, 1980, in a device for a surface-turning electric machine that eliminates brushes and exciters and allows two types of current, namely a load current and an excitation current, to flow through the armature winding. It is simpler and cheaper than the structure of a surface rolling electric machine.

(2) Efficiency can be increased compared to the above-described inventions already considered in devices for surface rolling electric machines in which brushes and exciters are eliminated and two types of currents flow through the armature windings. This is because the device is simplified.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 7 are specific electrical connection diagrams of the present invention, in which connections relating to the stator are particularly shown, and the rotor is not shown. 2 and 3 are partial views of the armature winding connections of FIG. 1; FIG. FIG. 4 shows an example of a rotor winding connection that may be used in the present invention. FIG. 5 is also an example of a rotor winding connection that can be used in the present invention. FIG. 6 also shows an example that can be used as the rotor winding connection of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a specific example of a partial connection diagram of the present invention. Figure 9 is an example of the armature winding connection shown in Figure 7, which is a specific electrical connection diagram of the present invention, and Figure 10 is an example of the armature winding connection shown in Figure 7, only by changing the current direction in that connection. FIG. 11 is a vector diagram showing the effects of the present invention. Next, the symbols representing the main parts of the figure are as follows.

Claims (1)

[Claims] The primary winding of the armature winding is passed in series through the secondary winding of a current transformer connected in series between the external connection terminal of the armature winding and the external connection equipment of this planar electric machine. The structure of a planar electric machine is electrically connected to supply an excitation current from an external connection terminal to intermediate terminals of the armature winding via a rectifier.