JPS6170550A - Near infrared photosensitive photograrhic element - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention: 1 The present invention relates to photographic elements sensitive to light generated in the near-infrared region of the spectrum above 750 nm and preferably from 750 to 1500 nm+, particularly for high quality recording for laser diode scanning systems. Concerning photographic elements suitable for providing media.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A widely used image processing technique converts a visible image into electronic information by encoding the brightness of multiple small contiguous areas of the visible image. Such electronic encoding is advantageous for image manipulation, transmission, and storage. It is known to convert that electronic information back into a visible image by means called "scanner systems," whereby a precisely focused beam of light modulates its light intensity to reproduce the desired image density based on the electronic signal. While successively adjacent raster scan lines are quickly scanned across the touristic media.

Lasers, particularly those using argon, krypton, helium-neon, or helium-cadmium mixtures as gas laser media, are used as high-intensity light sources for this imaging technique. However, all of these lasers suffer from the disadvantages of requiring elaborate equipment to modulate the emission intensity and of having more or less large physical volume, mechanical fragility, and manufacturing expense. receive benefits.

Semiconductor laser diodes are potentially very suitable as light sources for scanner systems whose optical output can be directly modulated by electrical signal input, yet are very compact and physically durable.

However, currently the only commercially available laser diode device that has an acceptably long operating life and is cheap to manufacture is in the near-infrared (750-1500 nm) range of the spectrum.
It emits light in the NIR region. Therefore, in order to utilize a laser diode scanner system for image formation, it is necessary to prepare a recording medium that is sensitive to light in the NIR range.

It is known to spectrally sensitize silver halide photographic emulsions to near-infrared light with long-chain cyanine dyes: e.g.
The Theory of the Photographic Process
See IraDhiCt'rocess>3rd edition (Macmillan, 1966), pages 198-201.

NIR-sensitized photographic films, especially those having silver halide grains with an average diameter of less than about 0.4 microns, are supported at the edges of the glassless holder to avoid contact with other surfaces.
A uniform overall exposure from a laser diode scanner system emitting at 20 nm produces an image covered with a wide spiral interference pattern (hereinafter referred to as "non-contact scanner interference fringes"). These interference fringes are believed to result from reflection of the exposure beam from two interfaces between the film element and the surrounding air. The path difference between the rays reflected from the top and bottom surfaces of the film is governed by the thickness of the film at a given point, and the net phase difference can result in either destructive or constructive interference and its To reduce or increase the exposure light transmitted into the light-sensitive emulsion layer at a given point. The interference fringes therefore follow the contour lines of the microscopic thickness variations of the film element itself and cover the entire image area in wide lines, usually about a foot apart and often a few α long.

Non-contact interference fringes have not previously been reported in the literature regarding silver halide emulsions. This development does not occur under normal exposure conditions with visible light. This is because the turbidity of the light-sensitive emulsion layer is sufficient to scatter reflections from the backside of the film element. However, because of its longer wavelength, infrared light can pass through fine grain photographic emulsions without severe scattering, yet the coherence of the laser diode output reduces its tendency to form interference patterns.

Thus, a photographic emulsion having silver halide grains with an average diameter of 0.28 microns and a silver coverage m of 3 g/m2 exhibits detectable interference fringes. Reducing the grain size to 0.23μ or reducing the coverage m produces a pronounced pattern, and emulsions with average grain diameters below 0.20μ exhibit intense interference fringes in non-contact laser diode scanners.

Non-contact scanner interference fringes can significantly degrade the quality of scanned images, especially those with continuous tone. They are not only an aesthetic problem, but also remove important information represented by small density differences in the image. It is desirable to be able to use photographic emulsions having grain sizes with an average diameter of less than 0.4 microns, preferably less than 0.3 microns.
Fine-grain emulsions having grain sizes of less than 100% are advantageous in that they allow high spatial resolution and have covering power that allows low silver coverage to obtain a given maximum optical density and development. Therefore, photographic elements for use with laser diode scanning systems must be capable of suppressing non-contact interference fringes.

This phenomenon of interference fringes is unknown in optical recording systems.

A common problem when exposing photographic film with a glossy surface in contact with a glossy surface such as a glass support, halftone screen, or contact print negative is the formation of a narrow narrow area known as a ``Newton's ring.'' The occurrence of a pattern of concentric interference fringes in the developed image: Encyclopedic Dictionary of Fixtures
of Physics), J.

Terraris Edition, Bergamon, London, 1961, No. 87
See page 8. This interference pattern is caused by optical interference between the reflection from the top surface of the film and the reflection from the bottom surface of the contact support; the size of the local gap changes the path difference between these two sets of rays, and therefore their Determine whether the retardation does not result in light or dark streaks that add to or detract from the exposure transmitted into the emulsion layer. newton
The rings tend to form patterns consisting of a plurality of isolated areas radiating concentrically from the I-touch point during exposure, with narrow stripe spacing that gradually narrows toward the periphery of each pattern. These are completely different in appearance from the medium-wide spiral non-contact scanner interference fringes which cover the entire image area with 11 wide lines, which are usually several meters long and often spaced at intervals of 1 meter.

Methods to prevent Newton's rings from occurring are known.

For example, it is known to introduce matte particles to the outer surface of the film. Examples of known matte particles are silica, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), other polyvinyl compounds including copolymers, starch, inorganic salts, and the like. This matte coverage density is as disclosed in U.S. Pat. From relatively small quantities (e.g. applied at less than 0.1 g/m2) of fairly large particles, usually 5-10μ in diameter, British Patent Specifications No. 2.077.935 and No. 2.033.596 and U.S. Pat. m coin 3.5
Utilizing particle sizes as small as 6 as disclosed in US Pat.

Both emulsions produce especially severe Newton's ring interference fringes when visible laser light is used as illumination for contact screen exposure. US Patent Specification Car Box 4.343.8
No. 73 discloses a photographic element designed to minimize such interference fringes, the photographic element having a light scattering layer through which the photosensitive layer is exposed to laser light. Ru. The light scattering particles have a wavelength of 50~
It has a diameter of 150%. The light scattering layer may be coated as an outer layer on the photographic element or beneath other layers.

It is also known to use matting agents in photographic elements to obtain non-optical properties such as adhesion resistance, abrasion resistance, modifiability, good sagging in vacuum frames, and reduction of charging effects. There is. An example of the use of matting agents is infrared-sensitive films such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Emulsion topcoats containing a size range of PMMA are described and are said to be suitable for all types of photographic materials, including infrared films. Another example [U.S. Patent Specification Box 3.695.88]
No. 8 discloses a photographic emulsion sensitized to infrared light by a cyanine dye containing a mesoalkylamino substituent and a specific supersensitizer. , such elements include matting agents such as starch, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, 1 to 4 microns of the methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 41, 2,992,101. Polymeric beads, including beads and 1-20 micron polymethyl methacrylate beads produced by emulsion polymerization as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,701,245, may be included.

However, known types of layers used in photographic elements to suppress Newton's rings do not prevent the formation of non-contact interference fringes in photographic elements having fine grain size photographic emulsions sensitized to the near infrared. It became clear.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a support transparent to near-infrared radiation of 750 nIl or more, generally in the range of 750 to 1500 nIl, and a particle size with an average diameter of no more than 0.4μ, sensitized to near-infrared radiation, are provided. a photographic element consisting of one or more layers of a silver halide emulsion having roughly (i) the outermost layer on the same side of the support as the light-sensitive emulsion and having diffuse transmission to near infrared radiation; (ii) a backing layer which is the outermost layer on the side of the support opposite the light-sensitive emulsion and which is a diffusely reflecting or absorbing layer for near-infrared rays; (iii) Since it is located between the support and the photosensitive emulsion and has one or more subbing layers that are diffusely transmitting or absorbing layers for near infrared rays, it can be substantially scanned by a laser scanning method that generates near infrared rays. A photographic element is provided which is characterized in that it can be imaged without forming non-contact interference fringes.

The photographic elements of this invention utilize a laser diode NI even though there is no contact between the film and other surfaces during exposure.
It is resistant to the generation of internal optical interference patterns that cause the unprotected near-infrared sensitive particulate film to be covered with wide spiral interference fringes when processed after scanning with an R light source.

We have invented three main techniques to prevent the formation of non-contact interference fringes. These techniques can be used alone or in combination.

It has been found that microscopic surface roughness of photographic elements can play an important role in suppressing the formation of interference fringes. Microscopic surface roughness with 200,000 protrusions per #112 significantly reduces the formation of interference fringes;
The surface roughness of the back side of the film, which has 250.000 protrusions per #ll12, virtually completely eliminates interference fringes and has 250.000 protrusions per 1 sm+” on the top surface.
(preferably 450.000) (surface roughness t>tin with 112 foot protrusions).

A second method for suppressing the formation of interference fringes is to provide a backing or subbing layer containing a dye that absorbs light in the wavelength range of the exposure light source. When such a layer is used alone as the fringe suppression layer of the means of the invention, the layer should have a peak transmission optical density of at least 0.75; When used together, an optical 1 density of at least 60.3 contributes significantly to interference fringe reduction.

A third approach to reducing interference fringe formation consists of a binder containing particles having a high reflection index, substantially preferably 0.3 or more greater than the reflection index of the binder. a backing layer (e.g. consisting of desensitized silver halide grains in gelatin) and/or a
The method is to use a whelk coat layer.

The use of silver halide grains is common since the silver halide is removed during processing of the photographic element. The high reflection index layer is desirably removed after exposure, for example by applying a binder solvent.

It has become clear that there are several structures for near-infrared sensitive fine-grained photographic elements that virtually completely suppress the generation of non-contact interference fringes. For example, non-contact interference fringes are suppressed in such photographic elements that incorporate one or more of the following structures: (1) an average A backing layer consisting of a binder containing a roughening agent with a particle size of less than 2 microns (generally in the range 0.1-2 microns, preferably 0.2-2 microns), this outer backing layer having a at least 30% of the individual diameter of the particle from the average horizontal plane of its surface within or 0.2μ
The grain has an outer surface of microscopic roughness such that it contains at least 250,000 protruding particles, whichever is the smallest.

(2) On the same side as the film-based light-sensitive emulsion, an average grain size of 1.5 microns or less (generally in the range 0.1
A topcoat layer consisting of a binder containing a roughening agent of ~1.5μ, preferably 0.2-1.5μ), which topcoat layer has an average horizontal surface of its surface in each of its outer surfaces. at least 250,000, preferably at least 450,000 particles protruding from the particle by at least 30% or by 0.2μ of the individual diameter - whichever is smaller. It has a microscopically rough outer surface.

(more than 31750n-, preferably wavelength range 750-1
A backing or subbing layer containing an antihalation dye that absorbs 500 rv of light and having a peak transmission optical density of at least 60.75 in that region.

f4) 7500s or more, preferably wavelength range 750s
containing an antihalation dye that provides a peak transmission optical density of at least 0.3 for light of ~1500 na+, and with an average particle size of 2μ or less, generally in the range 0.1 to 2
an outermost backing layer containing a roughening agent of μ, preferably 0.2 to 2 μ;
At least 30% of the individual diameter of the particle or by 0.2μ, whichever is smaller, protrudes from the average horizontal plane of its surface within 200.00
having an outer surface of microscopic roughness such that it contains 0 particles, and this layer optionally consists of two separate layers, viz.
It may be divided into an outermost backing layer containing a roughening agent and an inner backing layer containing an antihalation dye.

[51750 nm or more, preferably wavelength range 750-1
a backing layer having a peak transmission optical density of at least 0.3 for light of 500 ns; an average particle size of 2μ or less, generally in the range 0.1-2μ, preferably 0.2-2μ;
The outermost top coat layer containing a roughening agent (
This layer has at least 200,000 particles in each jI12 of its outer surface which protrude from the average horizontal plane of its surface by at least 30% of the individual diameter of the particles or by 0.2μ, whichever is smaller. (having an outer surface of such microscopic coyness that the particles are contained).

(6) 750 located between the photosensitive layer and the base
nm or more, preferably in the wavelength range of 750 to 1500 nm.

and an antihalation layer containing an antihalation dye that provides a peak transmission optical density of at least 0.3 for light of: an average particle size of 2 microns or less, generally in the range 0.1 to
An outermost backing or topcoat layer containing a roughening agent of 2μ, preferably 0.1 to 2μ, from the average horizontal plane of its surface in each mrtt2 of its outer surface. at least 30% of the individual diameter of the particles or 0
．． 2μ only has an outer surface of microscopic roughness such that it contains at least 200,000 protruding particles, whichever is smaller).

(7) Average particle size is less than 2 μm (generally range 0.1 to 2 μm)
µ, preferably 0.2 to 2 µ)) (this layer is applied to each lllI2 of its outer surface by at least 30% of the individual diameter of the particles from the average horizontal plane of its surface). or has an outer surface of microscopic roughness such that it contains at least 200,000 particles protruding, whichever is smaller) and; an average particle size of 2μ The roughening agent below (generally in the range 0.1-2 μ, preferably 0.2-2 tt) is added to
Contains a backing layer (this layer covers each lll1l of its outer surface!
At least 30% of the individual diameter of the particle or by 0.2μ, whichever is smaller, protrudes from the average horizontal plane of its surface within 200.00
optionally provided between the backing layer and the support, preferably in a wavelength range of 7500 m or more; a layer containing an antihalation dye that provides a peak transmission optical density of at least 0.3 for light between 750 and 1500 nm;

(8) a backing layer and/or topcoat layer consisting of a binder containing grains (e.g., unsensitized silver halide grains) having a reflection index substantially greater than that of the binder, the grains being less than 5 microns; Preferably 0.2-3
The layer is removable during photographic processing.

It has been found that the microscopic roughness of a photographic element significantly affects its tendency to form non-contact interference fringes when the element is imaged by a scanning laner. In particular, the number of protrusions protruding from the horizontal plane of the surface is at least 250,000 per rnM2.
It has been found that interference fringe formation is prevented when the element is exposed from the opposite side with an outer backing layer that imparts an inherent microscopic roughness. Similarly, the interference fringe formation is 1#
This can be prevented by providing a topcoat layer with a microscopic surface roughness that provides at least 250,000, preferably 450.000 protrusions per #12. In this case the element shall be irradiated from the same side as this layer.

This microscopic surface roughness is significantly different from that found in photographic elements having conventional matting agent layers. In general, conventional matting layers provide a surface with less than half the number of protrusions required for the present invention. and often have a number of protrusions that is less than 1/10 of the number of protrusions on the surface used in the present invention.

It is possible to substantially suppress interference fringe formation by using a backing or subbing layer containing an antihalation dye that provides a peak transmission optical density of at least 0.75 in the range of 750 to 1500 rv.

A combination of a roughening layer and an antihalation layer may be used as described above, in which case the critical parameters of roughening and optical density of the individual layers are such that the effect of the layer combination is additive. Because of this, the reduction may be reduced compared to what would be required if such a filter were used alone as a means to reduce interference fringe formation. A suitable microscopic surface roughness for the outer layer used in combination with another interference fringe suppression layer was found to be 200,000 protrusions/mm112. The required optical density of the antihalation layer used in combination with the roughening layer is at least 0°3.

It is preferred that the grain-containing surface layer be used on the back side of the photographic element, or on the outermost surfaces of both sides, rather than as a topcoat only on the light-sensitive emulsion side. Surprisingly, the suppression of non-contact laser scanner interference fringes by rough backing is superior to that by a similar topcoat on the emulsion side. In this case, exposure is performed from the emulsion side.

Advantageous roughening agents for use in such layers include particles of organic polymers, especially particles of polymethyl methacrylate or developer-soluble polymers such as Methacrylic M/methacrylic wave ester co-carrying polymers (e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 2,992,1
01). Other suitable organic polymers when used in the particle size range and formulation m necessary to impart the matte properties detailed above may include other polyvinyl compounds or vinyl compound copolymers (e.g. Light Book Il No. 2.078.99
No. 2 and No. 2.033,596, and U.S. Patent Specification Box 4,
287.299 and 3.079.257). Other suitable materials include silica or silica/polymer composites, such as U.S. Pat.
9, No. 3.920.456, I No. 3.591.379 and No. 3.222,037@), hardened gelatin, water-soluble I-free salts, or starch, dextran. ,
and mixtures of these polymers (British Patent Specification Box 2,0
77.935).

One type of known matting agent consists of very small silica particles, generally less than 0.1 micron in diameter. When dispersed in a coating binder such as water-soluble gelatin, these microparticles form tightly bound aggregates, generally 1 micron or more in diameter, so that they behave as if they were a single particle. The matte properties required for the present invention may be achieved either by the use of single particles within the required size range or by the use of agglomerates as well, the overall size being within the same required range. to go into.

A suitable material of high reflection index is a non-light sensitive silver halide crystal, which is easily produced in uniform size and removed by photographic fixers. Silver halide is generally used in 2.
It has a reflection index ranging from 0 to 2.2. Other suitable high reflectance index materials include t1113 oxide and calcium carbonate.

Gelatin is a suitable binder for all these layers and has a reflection index of about 1.5.

When small polymeric or other particles are used to gloss the surface of a binder layer when coated, the height of the protrusions above the average horizontal plane of the surface and the number of protruding particles contained in the layer It depends not only on the gravity of the particles but also on the coating and drying conditions used. It is important to select coating and drying conditions that yield the high degree of particle protrusion required by this invention, and these parameters will be apparent to those skilled in the art. One technique that has been demonstrated to produce satisfactory surface roughness when using suitable formulations is to heat the wet element immediately after coating to 13°C and 30% relative humidity.
The gel is passed through a cooling zone to solidify and then dried at 30° C. and 30% relative humidity. It was found that a thin layer was dried in 30 seconds to 1 minute.

In addition to the above-mentioned matte particles introduced for surface roughening according to the invention, the photographic elements of the present invention contain large particles with an average diameter of 5 μm or more to improve mechanical properties such as adhesion resistance and abrasion resistance. A small amount of fa polymer silica or other matting agent (0,
19/m2). One silver halide emulsion useful in the photographic element of the present invention is
Silver chloride, silver chloride, silver bromoiodide, or J! ! It may be composed of silver bromoiodide and can be prepared by any of the well-known procedures, such as those described in Research Disclosure 17643 (December 1978), paragraphs 1 and 2.

The emulsions have a grain size of less than 0.4 microns, generally in the range 0.05 to 0.4 microns.

Emulsions may be prepared using the dyes shown in European Patent Application Publication No. 0 088 595, or as described, for example, in Mees and James, The Theory of the Photographic Process, 3rd edition, pages 198-199. Wavelength 750~1500n+N preferably 750~
It can be sensitized to the near infrared using any of the other spectral sensitizing dyes known in the art to impart sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation of 9000 IIl).

The silver halide emulsions present in the photographic elements of this invention can be prevented from developing fog and can also be stabilized against loss of speed during storage. Suitable antifoggants and stabilizers are described, for example, in Research Disclosure 17643 (December 1978), paragraph V.

The silver halide emulsions present in the photographic elements of this invention are described, for example, in Research Disclosure 17643 (197
Dec. 8) Optical brighteners such as those described in paragraph V can be used.

The spectrally sensitized silver halide emulsions used in this invention may contain speed-enhancing compounds, such as those described in Research Disclosure 17643 (December 1978), paragraph xxI.

The layers of the photographic element can contain various colloids as vehicles or binders, such as those described in Research Disclosure 1 Jar 17643 (December 1978), paragraph 1. Such colloids can be hardened by a variety of organic and inorganic hardeners, such as those described in Research Disclosure 17643 (December 1978), Part X.

Photographic elements of the invention include antistatic or conductive layers, plasticizers and lubricants, surfactants, such as Research Disclosure 17643 (December 1978) Part XI,
It may contain those as described in Section X[1] and Section Xl[1.

The photographic emulsions used in this invention can be used on a wide variety of transparent supports, such as Research Disclosure T7-1.
7643 (December 1978) XVII [as described in paragraph 1].

Sensitizing dyes and their emulsion additives can be prepared using various known methods, such as those described in Research Disclosure 17643 (
(December 1978) XIVJRk: Can be incorporated into layers of photographic elements by the methods described. Similarly, photographic elements can be coated onto photographic supports by a variety of procedures. Supports and coating procedures are described, for example, in Research Disk O-Gir-17643 (December 1978).
It is described in stage iXV and stage xvtt.

The sensitized silver halide emulsions used in the present invention can be used in a developer such as those described in Research Disclosure 17643 (December 1978) No. The silver halide can be processed by associating the silver halide with an aqueous alkaline medium in the presence of .

Although the invention is detailed with respect to elements containing silver halide grains of diameter 0.4 microns or less, this method of fringe suppression is equally applicable to elements containing other light-sensitive silver halide emulsions. 1111, and such elements limit the formation of scanner interference fringes due to low turbidity. In particular, the invention is applicable to elements containing high 7 vecto ratio tabular grains of silver halide greater than 0.4μ in diameter:
It can be applied when such grains are present in a low proportion to the total silver halide grains in the element, with the remainder consisting of fine grains.

Photographic elements of the invention may be used, for example, in Release Reach Disclosure 17643 (December 1978) - Column XXII, Column XXIIIm, Column XXIV, Column XXV, Column x
It is effective for physical development systems, image transfer systems, dry development systems, diffusion transfer systems, printing and lithographic printing, printout and direct printing systems as described in Stages xvt and XXV [1]. Next, the present invention will be explained by examples.

Evaluation of the samples in the examples was carried out as follows: Samples were uniformly scanned with a scanner A7ner system such that electromagnetic waves from a Hitachi ILP1400 laser diode emitting at 815 ns were focused in a 150 μ circular spot directly onto the sample surface. Evaluation was made by exposing to light. The focused spot was scanned in a 200-by-1 rafter pattern over the sample by a vibrating mirror in the path of the infrared beam. The exposure irradiance was increased stepwise to produce a scale from minimum density to maximum 'a degree' on the sample after processing.

The sample was then transferred to an automatic roller processor 3 using Eastman Kodak RP×-0 matte processing solution.
Developed using M type XP507. The fringe pattern was evaluated by visual inspection as follows: 1, no visible fringe 2, almost undetectable fringe 3, very weak, only noticeable under close scrutiny 4 , Diffusion pattern 5, Weak but sharp interference fringes 6, Easily recognized interference fringes 7, Clear interference fringe patterns The interference fringe patterns are Joy-S-Lable MDM6 micro using small (2, oxo, 25 m+) slit apertures. It was evaluated visually by tracking with a densitometer. The maximum transmitted optical density difference i (0, D, ) between the light and dark stripes thus measured is shown in the Examples. O,D.

was measured in the area scanned to give an average optical density of 1.0 to 2.0 in a range where the emulsion had a contrast value of 2.5 to 3.0.

Measurements of the surface reflectance of the samples in the examples were carried out as follows: Measurement of the direct (positive) surface reflectance of the matte backside The samples were subjected to physical removal of the light-sensitive emulsion layer before testing. It was prepared by providing a non-reflective layer with high IR absorption. The side of the sample opposite the treated side was then irradiated with a parallel beam of known energy, 5# in diameter, from a Radey diode emitting at 815 nm at an angle of 10° to the normal. A radiation detector was used to monitor the reflected energy at all angles of 20° to the incident beam (Optronics Model 730A).

The detector was placed 30 CII+ from the surface under test and passed light through a circular aperture 1 cm in diameter.

Because the same detector was used to assess both incident and reflected energy, a simple calculation allowed the reflectance (%) to be determined. Care was taken in choosing the laser diode/sample film/detector arrangement to ensure that all external energy was excluded during the measurements.

Inspection of the matte surfaces of the samples in the examples was carried out as follows: Scanning Electron Microscopy of Matte Surfaces (S, E, M,) Samples (approximately 112) of the film were placed over the surface to be examined. I put it on top and pinned it to the mount with a bottle. The approximately 25 nIIl thick gold coating was applied using an International Scientific Instruments, Inc. (ISI) PS-2 coating unit at 1.2 kV and 1 QmA for 2 minutes. This sample is operated at 10 kV [SI Super 11A
It was inspected using a scanning electron microscope G1. The sample was placed at a +20'' angle.

In both cases, photographs were taken at a print magnification of 5000X using an internal scale. Particle coefficients were performed within a grid representing a 10μ x 10μ area. Particles were counted if they appeared to protrude from the mean horizontal plane of the surface by at least 30% of their equal diameter, or as little as 0.2 microns. In samples where large particles were scattered, photographs were taken at a magnification of 2000x or less (8x), and counts were made over a larger area.

The results reported are the average of the coefficients all II taken from photographs of two different areas of each surface examined.

An emulsion containing 64 moles of silver chloride and 36 moles of solid silver with cubic grains having an average grain size of 0.28μ and a narrow distribution curve is described in Example 17B of European Patent Publication No. 0088595. It was produced by a double jet precipitation method.

0.23μ, 0.20μ, 0.16μ, and 0.13
Similar emulsions with average grain sizes of .mu. were similarly prepared by sequentially lowering the precipitation temperature. All of these emulsions are conventionally gold- and sulfur-sensitized and stabilized, and are further supplemented with NIR spectral sensitizing dyes, triphenylphosphine supersensitizers, wetting agents, and hardening agents. Example 18 of European Patent Application Publication No. 00 a s 595
Added as described in the basic formulation. Silver wave MfA 2,7~3,0! J/m2 each was coated. 100+11! 5% aqueous gelatin 200-200 containing 4.5d of a 2% solution of F superamide 9C and 0.15d of T-pol 610 wetting agent and formaldehyde hardener but no matting agent or filter dye. A supercoat of 1.33% gelatin/TyL2 was applied simultaneously to provide a top layer of gelatin 1.339/TyL2. The back side of the film base remained uncoated. Super amide 9C is Milmaster Onyx U
It is a highly active lauric acid-jetanolamine condensate commercially available from K.K. Teepol 610t is a ferric sulfate commercially available from Ciel Chemicals UK.
It is the sodium salt of

Samples were evaluated as described above. The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 This example demonstrates that scanner interference fringes increase dramatically with decreasing silver halide grain size.

Example 2 An emulsion was prepared, IIR sensitized and coated as in Example 1. However, gelatin binder (1.3s/m
2) Medium average diameter 0.5μ (7) Poly(methyl methacrylate) particles 0.3! A backing layer containing J/7r1.2 was provided, which was coated as in Example 1 from an aqueous solution also containing Superamide L9G, Teepol 610 wetting agent and formaldehyde hardener. Immediately after coating on the film base, the wet al backing layer was briefly passed through a cooling zone at 13°C and 30% relative humidity to solidify the gel, followed by drying at 30°C and 30% relative humidity. However, drying seemed to be completed within about 1 minute. The samples were tested in a laser diode scanner system as described above. The results are reported in Table 2.

A coating 1tA of the same grain size emulsion of Example 1 serves as a control.

Table 2 Example 3 A 0.16μ salt, bromide limited emulsion was coated as in Example 1. However, the 0,18InIn polyester used was provided with a backing layer containing near-infrared light-insensitive silver halide grains in a pyratine binder (1,3y/m2). The effect of different sizes and loadings of backing particles on scanner interference fringes is reported in Table 3.

Table 3 Example 4 The back bow layer that applies the roughening agent of Part b is 0.1
A 6μ chlorobromide emulsion was coated as in Example 1. However, the 0.18s subbed poly(ester base) used was made by adding particles of alkali-soluble methacrylic acid-ethyl methacrylate copolymer (average particle size 0.5 to 2.0 μ) in a gelatin binder (1,397 m2). The polymer particles were coated from an aqueous solution containing a Superamide L9G or Deepol 610 wetting agent and a formaldehyde hardener as in Example 1. The same samples were prepared except that they were replaced by a lower addition of 5 micron diameter silica particles. These samples were tested in comparison to the unlined ones. The results are reported in Table 4.

TABLE 4 0. D, D, = Erection 1 Conventional silica matte where fin particle coating is outside the scope of the present invention does not prevent interference fringes formation.

Example 5 Antihalation dye with strong absorption between 750 and 900 ns (Dye 29 of European Patent Application Publication No. 0101646)
820n1 consisting of 5g of gelatin/TyL2 containing
0,18 with a backing having an optical density of 0.40 in m
A 0.16μ silver chlorobromide emulsion was coated as in Example 1 onto the m+ subbed polyester base. This was tested on a laser diode scanner system against a non-backed sample and the results are reported in Table 5.

A 3% silver iodobromide emulsion with an average grain size of 0.21μ was prepared according to Example 17A of European Patent Application Publication No. 0088595, chemically sensitized and stabilized, It was spectrally sensitized and coated onto a transparent 0.18 an subbed polyester base. A top coat of 1.3 g gelatin/TrL2 was applied at the same time.

Consisting of up to three successive layers of gelatin (5 g/TrL2) containing a dye (Dye 29 of European Patent Application Publication No. 0101646) that absorbs strongly at 750-900 n11 at 0.45.0.8 at 820 rv. , and 0 with antihalation backing giving a total optical density of 1.2,
A similar coating was carried out on a 1841Il+ polyester base. These coatings were tested on a Radey diode scanner system. The results are reported in Table 5.

Table 5 "O, D, D, = optical density difference type antihalation layer clearly helps suppress interference fringes.

A biranan binder (1.3 g/7
0, 1 provided with a backing layer coated in FL2)
0.16μ using 8μ underlined polyester base
A silver chlorobromide emulsion was coated as in Example 1. The effect on interference fringe formation when these samples were tested in a laser diode scanner system is reported in Table 6.

Table 6 Example 8 Combination of antihalation element and PMMA particles (a) Antihalation dye and normal matting agent only.

A silver chlorobromide emulsion with a grain size of 0.26 μm was prepared and sensitized by the method of Example 1. This emulsion was coated on a 0.18-tipped polyester base with a silver coverage of 2.4 g/m2, while PMMA particles with an average diameter of 2.5 μm were coated at 0.036 g/Tr.
Thin gelatin containing L” (1.3g/rrt2)
Top coat was applied. On the other side of the base, there is a 750
Gelatin (5 g
/m2> and PMMA particles with an average ij diameter of 6μ 0.065
Piratin top coat containing g/m2 (1,3 g/m2
m2) (backing layer) was provided. This coating was tested in a laser diode scanner. The results are reported in Table 7.

(b) Combination of antihalation dye and surface roughening agent according to the present invention by adding 0.18 s/m'' of 0.5 μP MMA spheres to both the top top coat layer and the back Totsubuko 1 layer.
A) was repeated. This sample was tested in a laser scanner. The results are reported in Table 7.

Table 7 Sample (a) produced clearly visible non-contact scanner interference fringes, whereas sample (11) produced no non-contact scanner interference fringes even under the most severe conditions of the Sea 11-diode scanner test. It did not occur.

Example 9 A backing containing particles of alkali-soluble methacrylic acid/ethyl methacrylate copolymer in a gelatin binder (1,3 g/TrL2) was superamide as in Example 1 and with 9C and T-pol 610 wetting agent; 0.18an polyester base coated from an aqueous solution containing a formaldehyde hardener).
16 μi! A Q silveride emulsion was coated as in Example 1. The copolymer particles had an average diameter of 0.75μ, but a wide range of diameters up to 2μ were commonly encountered. Samples containing various concentrations of this matting agent were tested for interference fringe formation in comparison to samples without the matting agent. The results are reported in Table 8.

♂ The degree to which interference fringes are suppressed depends on the type of protrusions as well as the surface density of the protruding particles formed by the matting agent.

Similarly, the same 0.16μ silver chlorobromide emulsion and dispersion of copolymer matting agent were used, except that the 0.18μ silver chlorobromide emulsion and copolymer matting agent dispersion were provided with an infrared absorbing antihalation layer on one side as in Example 5.
Another coating was made using a ma+polyester base. The Tsuyaura layer is applied directly onto the antihalation layer,
A light-sensitive emulsion was then applied on the opposite side of the film base.

The third set of 'P& overcoats consisted of the same silver chlorobromide emulsion coated on an unbacked 0.181 nM polyester base as in Example 1, but with a conventional emulsion supercoat as described above. It was replaced by a matte dispersion of copolymer particles.

Coatings A3 with matte backing on the antihalation magnate and coatings with matte supercoat on the emulsion were tested in a laser diode scanner.

The results are reported in Table 8.

Claims (16)

[Claims] (1) A photographic element consisting of a support transparent to near infrared rays and one or more layers of a silver halide emulsion sensitized to near infrared rays and having a grain size of 0.4 μm or less in average diameter. , further comprising (i) a topcoat layer which is the outermost layer on the same side of the support as the light-sensitive emulsion and is a diffusely transmitting layer for near-infrared rays; (ii) a layer opposite to the light-sensitive emulsion of the support; (iii) a backing layer which is the outermost layer on the side surface and is a diffusely reflecting layer or an absorbing layer for near infrared rays; Since it has one or more subbing layers that are transparent or absorbing layers, it is possible to form an image by a laser scanning method that generates near-infrared rays without forming substantially non-contact interference fringes. photo element. (2) The element has a backing layer consisting of a binder containing a roughening agent with an average particle size of 2 μm or less, and the backing layer has a surface area within each mm^2 of its outer surface. Outside the microscopic roughness contains at least 25,000 particles that protrude from the average horizontal plane by at least 30% of the individual diameter of the particles or by 0.2μ, whichever is smaller. A photographic element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a surface. (3) The element has a topcoat layer consisting of a binder containing a roughening agent with an average particle size of 2 μm or less, and the topcoat layer has a surface area within each mm^2 of its outer surface. Outside the microscopic roughness contains at least 250,000 particles that protrude from the average horizontal plane by at least 30% of the individual diameter of the particles or by 0.2μ, whichever is smaller. A photographic element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a surface. (4) Microscopic surface roughness means that in each mm^2 of its outer surface it is at least 30% of the individual diameter of the particle from the average horizontal plane of its surface, or by 0.2μ, whichever is smaller; A photographic element according to claim 1, wherein the photographic element is such that it contains at least 450,000 protruding particles. (5) the element has a backing or subbing layer containing an antihalation dye that absorbs light in the near infrared and having a peak transmission optical density of at least 0.75 in that region; The photographic element of claim 1. (6) The element has a backing layer containing an antihalation dye that provides a peak transmission optical density of at least 0.3 for light in the near infrared and a roughening agent having an average particle size of 2 microns or less. and this layer covers each mm of its outer surface.
At least 30% of the individual diameter of the particle or by 0.2μ, whichever is smaller, protrudes from the average horizontal plane of its surface into the
Claim 1, characterized in that it has an outer surface with microscopic roughness such that it contains 0.00 particles.
Section photo element. (7) The element includes a backing layer having a peak transmission optical density of at least 0.3 for near-infrared light and a topcoat layer containing a roughening agent with an average particle size of 2 microns or less (this layer is other than In each mm^2 of the surface only at least 30% of the individual diameter of the particle from the average horizontal plane of that surface or 0
．． 2μ only, characterized in that it has an outer surface of such microscopic roughness that it contains at least 200,000 protruding particles, no matter how small. The photographic element of claim 1. (8) The element comprises an antihalation subbing layer having a peak transmission optical density of at least 0.3 for near-infrared light, and a backing layer or topcoat layer containing a roughening agent with an average particle size of 2 microns or less. (This layer covers each mm^ of its outer surface.
At least 30% of the individual diameter of the particle or by 0.2μ, whichever is smaller, protrudes from the average horizontal plane of its surface within 200,000
2. A photographic element according to claim 1, having an outer surface of microscopic roughness containing zero particles. (9) The element has a topcoat layer containing a roughening agent with an average particle size of 2 μm or less (this layer covers each mm^ of its outer surface).
At least 30% of the individual diameter of the particle or by 0.2μ, whichever is smaller, protrudes from the average horizontal plane of its surface within 200,000
0 particles) and a backing layer containing a roughening agent with an average particle size of 2 μm or less (this layer has a microscopically rough outer surface containing 0 particles); Each mm^2 contains at least 200,000 particles that protrude from the average horizontal plane of its surface by at least 30% of the particle's individual diameter or by 0.2μ, whichever is smaller. an outer surface of microscopic roughness such that A photographic element according to claim 1, which may include a sublayer. (10) The element has a backing layer and/or topcoat layer removable during photographic processing consisting of a binder containing particles with an average particle size of less than 5 microns having a reflection index substantially greater than that of the binder. A photographic element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: (11) A photographic element according to claim 10, characterized in that said element is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of 750 to 900 nm. (12) Claim 1, characterized in that the particles of the surface roughening agent have an average particle size in the range of 0.2 to 2μ.
Photographic elements according to any one of paragraphs 3 through 3 and 5 through 9. (13) Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the roughening agent is selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate and copolymers of methacrylic acid and methyl or ethyl methacrylate. The photographic element of any one of paragraphs 5 through 9 and paragraph 12. 14. The photographic element of claim 10, wherein the high reflectance index material has an average grain size in the range of 0.2 to 3 microns. (15) Materials with high reflection index include silver halide, zinc oxide,
15. The photographic element of claim 14, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of: (16) A photographic element as claimed in any of the prior claims is subject to near-infrared radiation from a laser diode scanning system located on the emulsion side of the photographic element without contact with other surfaces. A method of recording substantially non-contact interference fringe-free images comprising exposing to electromagnetic radiation and subsequently processing and developing the element.