JPS61503046A - Device for improving the efficiency of a tubular heat exchanger, such as an area condenser, by reducing its flow losses - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] To reduce the efficiency of tubular heat exchangers, such as area type condensers, and their flow losses. equipment for improving by The present invention reduces the efficiency of tubular heat exchangers, such as area type condensers, by reducing their flow losses. In this case, this heat exchanger is It has a large number of tubes through which water flows, and the internal cylinder surface of all the limb tubes is cleaned discontinuously. cleaning bodies, in particular in the form of brushes, are arranged one on the other, and these cleaning bodies are conveyed in the tube by the body corresponding to the alternating directions of flow, and At the end of the pipe through which the flow is carried out, it is possible to collect it in a collection sleeve attached to the end. Yes, and all collection sleeves are connected at one end to the end of the respective tube. and a holding member for restricting the conveyance path of the clean body at the other end. In this device, the coupling body and the holding member are each provided on an annular collar. and the annular collar has at least three, in particular a captive ring, one below the other. via a strut forming an annular cylinder, which is arranged concentrically with the longitudinal central axis of the collecting sleeve. and are interconnected.

When dealing with heat engines, such as condensing turbines, the efficiency of such engines occurs It is well known that it depends on the vacuum height. Furthermore, this vacuum The refrigerant of the cooling pipes of the heat exchanger along with the factors of - or various systems for cooling are further disclosed. It is knowledge. For example, cleaning the tubes manually with a brush, cleaning the tubes with chemicals, etc. by introducing the ball into the flow of refrigerant or It is known to insert brushes into all pipes to be cleaned. This last In the case of dry cleaning, the brush is used to clean one end of the tube by the flow of medium through the cooling tube. and then taken to the other end. Clean the cooling tubes manually with a brush or with chemicals. When cleaning the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger must be shut down and the heat exchanger pipes must be Cleaning with a ball or brush is carried out while the heat exchanger is in operation. be able to. The cooling tubes are most easily For effective cleaning, it is possible to divert the flow of the media at defined time intervals. and thus the brush is moved from one end of the tube to the other. before this brush By post-movement, all tubes are very strongly brushed by their own brushes. be purified. On the other hand, balls can be used as cleaning bodies to clean cooling pipes. If the ball is held firmly in place in the cooling pipe or the ball is The number of balls is limited by the flow of the medium and can be passed through one cooling pipe and the same cooling pipe. This often causes difficulties if the tube reaches the It turned out that the same thing happened. Due to insufficient cleaning of the cooling pipe by this ball, The efficiency of heat exchangers is only extremely inadequate due to the prohibitive cost and loading of large numbers of balls. only slightly improved. In addition, when cleaning using balls, the flow in the cooling pipe On the one hand, the resistance increases significantly due to insufficient cleaning, and on the other hand, it is suspended in this tube. A significant rise due to blockage of the cooling tubes by balls that are is not possible and therefore the required vacuum remains disappointing. high flow resistance In this case the resistance shall not eliminate any adverse effects on the engine and the required efficiency. However, it requires higher energy usage (e.g. pump energy).

The disadvantages mentioned above, especially of manual cleaning and ball cleaning in the case of refrigerant pipes, are In order to avoid this, a purifying system was developed and formed in the form of a brush by the purifying body. It was introduced in the case of heat exchangers for heat engines such as those used in heat engines.

The brush is provided with a collection liquid at both ends of each cooling pipe of the heat exchanger, In this collection basket the cleaning bodies are floated by the respective flow of medium. The clean body is In this case, the collected liquid passes through the cooling pipe and reaches the other collected liquid at the other end of the cooling pipe. This collecting cage is closed for a period of time until the flow of the medium is diverted by the diverter valve in order to remains held inside. The switching time interval can be adjusted individually. , may be long or short (depending essentially on the degree of contamination of the refrigerant or cooling pipes) .

The cleaning body itself, described as a brush, is used for brushing. having a support and two caps delimiting the ends of this support; Each is described as having a conical shape with a particularly flow-friendly seal r. in this case , each cap is smaller than the inner tube at the bottom where it faces the support. It shows a shape with a large diameter, so the side cylinder surface at the bottom and the inside of the cooling pipe are An annular gap still remains between it and the side cylinder surface. This annular gap is connected to the medium, i.e. the refrigerant. A portion of the cooling pipe still passes through and therefore the walls to be cleaned of each cooling pipe are It remains only sufficiently damp, in which case this means that a brush can be used to clean the wall. It is figured out by brushing the rashi. Moreover, it flows on the side of the annular gap. The refrigerant entrains and removes contaminants scraped by brushing. Therefore, this contaminant is carried out from in front of the brush. This allows the brush to It is also necessary not to collide with the picked up contaminants and to push this contaminants out of the brush itself. This is true, for example, when cleaning with poles. actually, Such systems are extremely useful for cleaning cooling pipes in heat exchangers, e.g. tubular condensers. Although this method has proven to be good for the first time, it is nevertheless possible to obtain better efficiency with this method. in a heat exchanger and therefore in a vacuum, the flow resistance of such a device must be It is necessary to reduce it sufficiently. In addition, the flow resistance, especially for each collection cylinder, is In particular, this resistance is essential if the free exit cross-section is only slightly The collection sleeve fixed to the end of the cooling tube, which is narrower, can also partially It is also necessary when it is confirmed that the 38800)).

An object of the present invention is to solve the problem of an apparatus in which a refrigerant pipe is cleaned by a brush body. In order to significantly reduce the flow resistance of this device, Reduces energy usage, especially on the refrigerant side, but still between the media exchanging heat. The objective is to form a sufficient amount to increase the temperature transition at .

According to the invention, this problem is solved in the case of a device of the abovementioned type by a ring with a retaining element. A shaped collar is disposed obliquely to the longitudinal center axis of the collecting sleeve and This is solved by connecting the tubes to struts of different lengths.

This method not only reduces flow resistance and thus energy usage, but also reduces heat The migration also decisively improves, thereby increasing the efficiency of the heat engine for the same amount of refrigerant. It has the advantage of being able to obtain Another advantage of this method is that the refrigerant or to other arrangements with low resistivity to the water side, such devices, i.e. Air conditioning, which has probably had to be ignored in the past in terms of efficiency improvements. The main advantage is that it can also be equipped with storage equipment, assembly equipment for cold storage, etc. Also, flow By canceling the resistance, the heat exchanger can operate more quietly. , this heat exchange device remains quiet even with large water volumes relative to its cooling efficiency. This is particularly important when the device is used within the range of human hearing. It turned out to be. Furthermore, when using the method according to the invention, brush cleaning It can also reduce the minimum cooling water flow required for the It turned out that the output required for the cooling water pump was also small. According to the present invention Due to the concept of the device, in this case there is in particular a ring with a retaining element for the brush body. The inclined position of the collar allows the collection sleeve to be placed as large as possible at the end of the cooling tube. It can be arranged in such a way that a large inlet- or outlet-cross section remains open. this child means, for example, that the lowest point of the inclined annular collar in one collecting sleeve is adjacent to the collecting sleeve. towards or between the uppermost point of such annular collar in the collection sleeve. This can be done by selecting a location.

Placing a tilting annular collar on adjacent collection sleeves is optional. Therefore, even within a critical narrow area, for example on the circumferential surface of the tube bottom, the cooling A sufficiently large flow cross-sectional area for the medium still remains. Furthermore, by testing , in the case of many previous uses, cleaning can be provided for the cooling pipes. It turns out there wasn't. This is because, especially in the case of small devices, the flow resistance is , it would be too large. In contrast, a constant back pressure (condensate For condensing turbines that are designed for It is known that in winter this backpressure decreases due to low refrigerant or water temperatures. .

However, this low backpressure means that the cross section of the low pressure section attracts shut-off due to its specific vapor capacity. can no longer be used in condensing turbines, i.e. In such cases, the cooling water flow can be withdrawn to increase the pressure in the turbine. This will force a reduction in internal consumption. However, the flow resistance in heat exchange equipment If the resistance is not reduced, i.e. without the provision of the device according to the invention, forced cleaning This means that the heat exchanger works uneconomically and therefore The result is that the efficiency of the heat engine has to be accepted for loss. Ku.

Other preferred further developments of the invention can be seen in particular from the remaining dependent claims. .

The drawing schematically shows one possible embodiment of the invention.

Figure 1 shows cooling pipes arranged in a heat exchanger, of which only some A heat exchanger as shown and having a supply pipe and a discharge pipe together with a switching element for the refrigerant. Schematic representation for illustration purposes only; FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention having a cleaning body shown in dotted lines in a collection sleeve according to the invention. FIG. , a top view of the collection sleeve according to FIG. 2; FIG. 1 is a front view of the collecting sleeve according to FIG. 2 rotated by 900 degrees. the law of nature, FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the collection sleeve according to FIG. 4 in section V-■; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing two juxtaposed collection sleeves as conventionally implemented; In this case, only annular collars with retaining elements and supports are used for these collecting sleeves. Some of the pillars are illustrated, Figure 7 shows that the collection sleeve is Two juxtaposed collection threes implemented according to the invention allow for a narrow arrangement. This is a schematic diagram showing the Figure 8 shows a flat tube bottom with some tubes or collection sleeves fixed to the tube bottom. In this case, the outflow cross section per tube or sleeve is Illustrated with.

According to the invention, it is described as a collection fluid 1 and for improving the efficiency of the tubular heat exchanger 2. Heat engines not shown in the drawings, such as condensing turbines, air conditioning arrangements, etc. Devices used to reduce flow losses in heat exchangers, such as chillers etc. The illustrated example of a tubular heat exchanger is illustrated and described. In this case, such heat In order to form the structural volume of exchanger 2 as small as possible, individual cooling The tubes 3 are arranged with the smallest possible distance from each other. This means that the heat exchange The device, i.e. the collection liquid 1 for the purifying body 4, is also cooled in order to bring about a close implementation with the vessel 2. The pipe end 5 of the cooling pipe 3 is forced to be arranged as narrowly as possible.

The collecting liquid 1, which is described in the form of a sleeve, has at its end an annular collar 6.7; One annular collar 7 therein connects the collecting sleeve 1 to the respective tube end 5 of the cooling tube 3. The other annular collar 6 should be floating in the collection tube. It is used to fix the cleaning body 4. The annular collar 6.7 further includes a collection liquid 1. are interconnected by a series of struts 8, 9 arranged around the periphery. Furthermore, The struts 8, 9, in which at least three all collection liquids 1 may be arranged with respect to each other, They are arranged concentrically around the central axis X in the longitudinal direction of the liquid collection. Four such branches When the columns 8, 9 are mutually arranged in the collection liquid 1, the columns are generally arranged symmetrically. The two opposing columns 8 or 9 are arranged oppositely and each have a different width. It is also possible to have

The heat exchanger 2 itself comprises, as is well known, a number of cooling pipes 3, the limbs of which are located at the ends 5 of the pipes. is the tube bottom 10. pressed into or otherwise fixed therein . Via the supply and discharge pipes 12.13 the cooling pipes are provided with a medium flowing through them, e.g. For example, cooling water is supplied.

The supply and discharge pipes 12.13 of heat exchanger 2 are connected to special conduits outside this heat exchanger. system, this conduit system directs the flow direction of the medium to be guided through this cooling pipe 3. It can be switched and changed at time intervals. In this case, the medium A control device 14, in particular designed as a four-way valve, is provided for changing the flow direction of the , this control device controls the flow in one plane by the arrow 15 corresponding to its position (H or X). through the individual cooling pipes 3 as illustrated by the lines and on the other side by the other arrows 16 in dotted lines. diverted as shown, so that the cooling pipes are on the switching side, i.e. with the switched flow The medium flows in the direction of the flow.

The heat exchanger 20 has individual cooling units fitted into the so-called bottom plate, i.e. the tube bottom 10.11. The cooling pipe 3 has a collecting liquid 1 at its pipe end 5, which collecting liquid is firmly attached to this pipe end. combined and designed to suitably accommodate the cleaning body 4 in the form of a brush. Ru. A support 17 essentially for fitting the bristles 18 and provided at the ends of this support. The cleaning body 4, consisting of two caps 19 and 20, is to be guided through the cooling pipe 3. Corresponding to the flow direction of the medium, it is captured by this medium and transported to the respective cooling pipes. and thus floated from one tube end 5 to the other tube end. Transportation of this purified body As well as in the direction, this cleaning body has at each tube end 5 a collecting liquid 1 provided therein. , in which case the cleaning body is floated in this cylinder by the medium. . When the flow direction of the medium is diverted by the control device 14, the cleaning body 4 The body is again ejected from said collection liquid 1, which was present during its rest phase, and is transferred to the other tube end. 5, where the purified body is recontained by the collection liquid 1 used there. be done. The rest time of the purifier in each collection capacity 1 is essentially the refrigerant or cooling Determined by switching at time intervals and flow direction depending on the degree of contamination of pipe 3 and therefore this rest time is increased when the direction of flow of the medium is reversed. It will be done.

The flow resistance of the medium is reduced by the individual cooling pipes 3 and thus the ports conveying the medium. In order to also reduce the energy demand of the The advantageous formation is of critical importance.

In this case, tests have often shown that the above conditions are particularly and its outflow cross section 21 can be kept as large as possible. It was found that 5 cases are satisfied. Taking this into consideration, for purifier 4 Each tubular collar 6 of every collection liquid 1 has a holding member 22 of It is connected to its column 8°9 at an angle with respect to the central axis X in the longitudinal direction of the liquid collection. child In this case, the tilt position 23 of this annular collar 6 tilts this annular collar by approximately 30°. It is done by placing it at an angle. In this case, it is attached to this annular collar 6. The holding member 22 is located on the horizontal plane 24 of the collecting cage 1 and is located inside the annular collar 6. In this case, each pair of holding members is located at the longitudinal center of the collected liquid. It is arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis X. The holding member 22 itself is a protrusion. This protrusion can be designed to make the collecting sleeve 1 a plastic injection molded part. When designing as a material ((along with the inner cylinder surface of the annular collar 6 of this collection sleeve) is injection molded. What is important in arranging this platform and holding member 22 is that The retaining member is such that it effectively stops the cap 19 or 20 of the cleaning body 4 and Horizontal surfaces with the same height as possible so that the purifying body can be held in the collection liquid 1 24.

The old embodiment of the collection liquid 1 (see Figure 6) and the embodiment of the collection cylinder 10 according to the present invention (see Fig. 6). 7), what are the advantages of the inclined position 2 of the annular collar 6? 3 makes it clear what can be obtained. This comparison also shows that the outflow cross section 2 1 within the range of the cooling pipe 3 or within the range of the collection liquid 1 and the annular collar 6 of this cooling pipe can be scaled up to higher volumes, thereby significantly reducing pressure drop. It is also readily apparent that it can be reduced. This reduction in pressure loss , further energy, e.g. pump energy, is saved and the structure of the heat exchanger 2 is The construction volume has also been significantly reduced, or the small tube spacing that has hitherto been used in such heat exchangers has been Can also be equipped with cleaning equipment that had to be ignored due to the pitch .

Furthermore, in the case of the above-mentioned inclined position 23 of the annular collar 6 according to the invention, it is possible to The collected liquid that has flowed in and therefore the customary narrow annular gap, i.e. the outflow cross section 21, , it turns out that the collection liquid 1 according to the invention can be significantly enlarged. . This can lead to sudden narrowing of the outflow cross-section and subsequent There is a significant loss of °C magnification, which causes the differential pressure and thus the Δp (delta p)-value to decrease. It means decreasing by at least the square of the area magnification. This also means that heat exchange If the situation in the exchanger 2 is first approximated, the outflow cross section 21 is the column 8 of the collecting sleeve 1. , 9.

Translating this recognition into a calculation example, the following is the conventional implementation of collection liquid 1 and the collection liquid Figures 6 to 8 are obtained as a comparison with the new implementation of 1. For convenience, dimensions are written in parentheses with the usual symbols: Diameter of cage φ: 25.5-F 1=5111Ej Inner diameter of tube φ: 21. Ohyokai F2 =346 a pitch t:31. Kukai F3=t2.0.866=31.22. 0.866 F = area from the diameter of collection basket 1 F2 = Area from the inner diameter of cooling pipe 3 F3 = Area of outflow cross section 21 per 3 cooling pipes (conventional) F4 = Flow per 3 cooling pipes Area of exit cross section 21 (new) F3 = 843-511 = 332u + (tubular collar 6) Conventional free transverse section: F3 (conventional) = 332 tj New free transverse section Disposal plate F (new) - (31,22,0,866- This means that the new collection tray Pinch (t) from 31.2!1IIl+ to 284 area when using leave 1 , that is, the reduction in the pitch of the cooling pipe 3 is obtained with the same or almost the same Δp (delta p). means to be

In the case of FIG. 2, the annular collars 6 of all the collection liquids 1 are approximately It is shown tilted at a tilted position or angle of 30 degrees. Of course, this also applies to other angles. This does not preclude the selection of degrees. Inclination position of each annular collar 6 The selection of the angle of position 23 is sufficient to accommodate the possible length of the collection liquid 1 and the respective tubes. By means of the free space 27.28 of the heat exchanger 2 located behind the bottom 10 or 11 It is determined. For the illustrated inclined position 23 of the annular collar 6 with an angle of about 30°, the maximum The lower point 29 is located in the opening cross section 30 of the annular collar 6, for example, at the adjacent annular collar 6. The direction can be shown towards the highest point 31 of , thus placed this If the collection liquid 1 according to Fig. 6 is placed between the annular collars of A free space 21 for passing a medium larger than the free space can be obtained. It turns out that The tilted positions 23 of two adjacent annular collars 6 are shown on the left in FIG. It is shown rising from the side to the right. Center each collection liquid 1 in its longitudinal direction. By slightly or greatly rotating the annular collar 6 around the axis Optionally placing a collection liquid together with it is mutually effective. and therefore the opening cross-section 21 can be of different sizes between the annular collars. Can be done. In addition, by placing this collection liquid 1 in various places, it is possible to This significantly facilitates the inflow and outflow of the refrigerant.

Depending on the design of the collection sleeve 1, it can be attached to the pipe end 5 of each cooling pipe 3. In order to easily attach the collection sleeve 1 which can be inserted or The annular collar 7 belonging to the A tool for driving can be placed on top. This notch 32 is particularly can be arranged symmetrically with 9.

In the case of FIG. 1, the collecting liquid 1 placed at the pipe end 5 of the cooling pipe 3 is easily Illustrated with a mark. Of course, in this case as well, as shown in Figs. This is the collection basket 1.

In order to divert the direction of flow of the refrigerant, the control elements 14 are arranged with respect to each other and this The control device introduces the flow arriving at the solid line H-position into the space 28 of the heat exchanger 2. , whereas in the X-position this flow is introduced into the space 27. This refrigerant leakage This is done in the same way as for inflows, and in this case there is no need to discuss this further. . Arrows 33 encode the inflow and outflow of refrigerant.

Procedural amendment (formality) %formula% 2. Name of the invention 3. Person who makes corrections Relationship to the incident: Patent applicant 6. Subject of correction international search report i-Repent-^---1 Rut PC-, /DE85100203

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. Reduce the efficiency of tubular heat exchangers, such as area type condensers, and their flow losses improved by, in which case this heat exchanger has a number of tubes through which the medium flows. , all of the tubes are provided with cleaning bodies which clean their inner surfaces discontinuously, especially in the form of brushes. are interleaved and this purifying body has its alternating flow caused by the medium. conveyed in the tube corresponding to the direction and in each case at the end of the tube to be flowed through said end. can be collected in a collection sleeve attached to the The pipe has a coupling member at one end thereof for coupling with the end of the respective pipe, and the other At the end of the device, there is a holding member that restricts the conveyance path of the clean body. and a retaining member are respectively provided on the annular collar, and a retaining member is provided on the annular collar. one below the other, in particular at least three parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the collecting sleeve. devices connected to each other via centrally arranged struts forming an annular cage. The annular collar (6) with the retaining member (22) covers the length of the collecting sleeve (1). The sleeves are arranged obliquely with respect to the central axis (X) in the hand direction and have different lengths. Improving the efficiency of a tubular heat exchanger, characterized in that it is connected to struts (8, 9) device to do. 2. The holding member (22) is symmetrical about the longitudinal central axis (X) and intersects perpendicularly to the axis. Provided on the inner cylindrical surface of the annular collar (6) at the height of the intersecting cross section (24) , the apparatus according to claim 1. 3. The inclination (23) of the annular collar (6) with respect to the longitudinal center axis (X) is approximately 30° The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: 4. A retaining member (22) is fitted within the annular collar (6) within the front and rear front walls. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the device is attached to the side cylinder surface. 5. A pair of holding members (22) are arranged in an annular collar symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal center axis (X). -(6), the device according to claim 4. 6. Connect the collection sleeve (1) with four struts (8, 9) to the annular collar (6, 7) At least two symmetrically opposed columns are of different lengths when installed between A device according to claim 1, which is designed to. 7. If each of the two opposing columns is designed to have a different width , each of the opposing struts (8, 9) having the same width. Device. 8. The width of said narrow strut (8) corresponds to approximately half the width of the wide strut (9). The device according to item 7 of the scope of demand. 9. The retaining member (22) is attached to the annular collar (6) within the joint of the wide strut (9). 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the device is provided in a. 10. The retaining member (22) is attached to the annular collar (6) within the joint of the narrow strut (8). 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the device is provided in a.