JPS6147062B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a particularly effective DC motor in which a plurality of armature windings are arranged in a disc-shaped or cylindrical ironless armature.

Conventionally, a large number of iron core motors have been used that use lap windings or wave windings having a plurality of armature windings. However, when conventional windings are used as they are in ironless motors, there are various drawbacks as will be explained based on the first and second figures. The first and second illustrations are expanded winding diagrams that can be considered when conventionally known wave-wound windings are employed in an ironless motor. Figure 1 shows that the field magnetic poles are 6.
FIG. 2 is an expanded winding diagram of a wave-wound armature with magnetic poles and consisting of five armature windings. The field magnetic poles 1 are magnetic poles 1-1, 1-2,... magnetized to N and S poles with an opening angle of 60 degrees.
..., 1-6. The commutator 3 has commutator pieces 3-1, 3- with an opening degree of 72 degrees (6/5 of the magnetic pole width).
It is composed of 2, 3-3, 3-4, and 3-5. The armature 2 is a cross-connected regular wave winding in which the opening angle of the conductor portion contributing to the generated torque of each armature winding is made equal to the magnetic pole width. Armature winding 2-1, 2-2,
2-3, 2-4, and 2-5 are arranged at equal pitches with an opening angle of 72 degrees (6/5 of the magnetic pole width) without overlapping each other. Each armature winding has a wave winding connection, and armature windings 2-1 and 2-3, 2-3 and 2-5, 2-5
The connections between and 2-2, 2-2 and 2-4, and 2-4 and 2-1 are commutator pieces 3-2, 3-4, and 3-, respectively.
1, 3-3, and 3-5. Brush 4-
1 and 4-2 are supplied with power from DC power supply positive and negative poles 5-1 and 5-2, respectively, and the opening angle is 180 degrees (3/1 of the magnetic pole width). In the illustrated related positions, electricity is applied in the direction of the arrow, torque is generated in each armature winding, and the armature 2 and commutator 3 become commutator motors rotating in the directions of arrows A and B, respectively. According to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, since the number of armature windings is small, the armature current switches at a rate of 10 times (excluding singular points) during one rotation, so the rectification characteristics are good. Not. This creates a counter-torque that reduces efficiency and starting torque. Furthermore, the number of armature windings that exist between the positive and negative electrodes of a DC power supply will be extremely small, making it impossible to use it as a high-voltage DC motor, increasing the number of sparks, and easily causing short-circuit accidents. The durability of will decrease. In order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, a case in which armature windings are constructed in multiple layers will be explained with reference to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is an expanded winding diagram of a wave-wound armature with six field magnetic poles and 15 armature windings. The field pole 1 is exactly the same as that described in the first illustration. Commutator 7
is a commutator piece 7- with an opening angle of 24 degrees (2/5 of the magnetic pole width)
1, 7-2, . . . , 7-15. The armature 6 is a cross-connected regular triple wave winding in which the opening angle of the conductor portion contributing to the generated torque of each armature winding is made equal to the magnetic pole width. Armature winding 6-1, 6-
2, . . . , 6-15 are stacked in multiple layers at equal pitches with an opening angle of 24 degrees (2/5 of the magnetic pole width). Each armature winding is wave-wound connected, and armature windings 6-1 and 6-7, 6-7 and 6-13, 6-
13 and 6-4, 6-4 and 6-10, 6-10 and 6
-1 connections are commutator pieces 7-4 and 7-1, respectively.
0, 7-1, 7-7, 7-13. Armature windings 6-2 and 6-8, 6-8 and 6-1
4, 6-14 and 6-5, 6-5 and 6-11, 6-
The connection parts of 11 and 6-2 are connected to commutator pieces 7-
5, 7-11, 7-2, 7-8, and 7-14. Armature winding 6-3 and 6-9, 6-9
and 6-15, 6-15 and 6-6, 6-6 and 6-1
The connection parts of 2, 6-12 and 6-3 are commutator pieces 7-6, 7-12, 7-3, 7-9, 7-15, respectively.
It is connected to the. As mentioned above, there are three pairs of brushes because of triple wave winding, and brushes 4-1 and 4-2 are connected to DC power supply positive and negative electrodes 5-1 and 5-2, brushes 4-3,
4-4 is the DC power supply positive and negative poles 5-3, 5-4, and the brushes 4-5, 4-6 are DC power supply positive and negative poles 5-5, 5-
6, and the opening angle of each is 60 degrees (magnetic pole width). In the illustrated related positions, electricity is applied in the direction of the arrow, torque is generated in each armature winding, and the armature 6 and commutator 7 become commutator motors rotating in the directions of arrows A and B, respectively. According to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the thickness of the armature increases because the armature windings are superimposed in multiple layers. Such thickness has the disadvantage of significantly weakening the effective field poles passing through the armature, reducing efficiency and starting torque. For this reason, in the past, efforts have been made to reduce the thickness of the conductor portion that contributes to the generated torque. However, since this process is carried out by pressure molding or the like, many defective products such as armature winding breakage or short circuits occur. Furthermore, since the mutual positional relationship is not regulated when arranging the armature windings, the phase relationship tends to shift, making it extremely difficult to obtain a highly efficient DC motor, and the manufacturing process is also complicated, making it difficult to mass-produce. It was becoming expensive. In addition, in the method used for conventional ironless motors equipped with cylindrical armatures, insulated wires are wound one by one in an aligned manner to avoid overlapping the ends of the winding width, either by winding the entire winding width or by winding a part of it. The method used is to wind diagonally to the width of the winding, turn it back alternately at both ends every 180 degrees, and wind it continuously in order to form a cylindrical armature, but even in this case, it is not suitable for mass production and is expensive. It had become a thing.

The present invention has the effect of eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks, and making it possible to obtain a DC motor of this type that has a simple structure, is suitable for mass production, can be supplied at low cost, and has good efficiency. In other words, for a field magnetic pole having 2mn magnetic poles (m is an integer of 1 or more, n is an integer of 3 or more), m (2n±1) armature windings, and the electric machine during one rotation. The child current switches 2mn (2n±1) times (excluding singular points)
By providing a rectifying device for this purpose, the thickness of the armature can be made thin, and a DC motor with high torque, high efficiency, and good rectification characteristics can be obtained. In addition, according to the patent application announcement "Sho 44-4450", 4
field number ±1 for one or more field poles
Direct current motors are known which have two armature windings and twice the number of armature windings. When the field magnetic poles are 4 magnetic poles, it has a remarkable effect, but when the field magnetic poles are 6 or more magnetic poles, a commutator piece with twice the number of armature windings has a large amount of counter torque, which reduces efficiency and starting torque. The decrease is significant. The present invention has been made for field magnetic poles of six or more magnetic poles, and the details of the present invention apparatus having the above effects will now be described with reference to FIG. 3 and subsequent figures.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of a commutator motor provided with a disk-shaped armature. A bearing 12 is fixed to a pressed mild steel case 10, and a pressed mild steel case 9 is fixed to the case 10 with screws 18 to form a magnetic path. Housing 9
A bearing 11 is fixed to the bearings 11 and 12, and a rotating shaft 8 is supported on the bearings 11 and 12, and one end of the rotating shaft 8 is pressed against the housing 10. An annular field magnetic pole 13 in which the N and S magnetic poles are magnetized in the direction of the rotation axis is adhered and fixed to the housing 10 . An armature 14 and a commutator 15 that are integrally molded are fixed to the rotating shaft 8. The armature 14 is configured to be interposed in the air gap magnetic field between the housing 9 and the field magnetic pole 13. Reference numeral 17 denotes a brush holder, which holds the brush 16 that comes into sliding contact with the commutator 15.

Next, referring to FIGS. 4 to 15, an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a commutator motor provided with the above-mentioned disk-shaped armature will be described.

What is shown in Fig. 4 is when m=1, n=3,
That is, the field magnetic poles are 2mn = 6 magnetic poles, the number of armature windings is m (2n - 1) = 5, and the number of commutator pieces is mn x (2n
-1) is an expanded winding diagram of an embodiment consisting of 15 windings. This is an embodiment of the present invention in which only the number of commutator pieces is increased compared to the embodiment shown in the first figure, and only the number of armature windings is decreased compared to the embodiment shown in the second figure. The field magnetic poles 19 are N and S at an opening angle of 60 degrees as shown in Figure 7a.
Magnetic poles 19-1, 19 magnetized in the direction of the rotation axis
-2, . . . , 19-6, and corresponds to the field magnetic pole 13 shown in the third figure. The commutator 21 has commutator pieces 21-1, 21-2 with an opening angle of 24 degrees (2/5 of the magnetic pole width).
..., 21-15, 360/mn=120
Three commutator pieces (mn = 3) separated by an opening angle of 1.5 degrees (2/1 of the magnetic pole width) are electrically short-circuited using a conductive wire or the like that serves as a short-circuiting member. That is, commutator piece 21-1
and 21-6 and 21-11, and commutator piece 21-2
and 21-7 and 21-12, and commutator piece 21-3
and 21-8 and 21-13, and commutator piece 21-4
and 21-9 and 21-14, and commutator piece 21-5
21-10 and 21-15 are short-circuited, respectively, and correspond to the commutator 15 shown in the third diagram. Electric child 2
0 is armature winding 20-1, 20-2, 20-3,
20-4 and 20-5 are arranged as shown in FIG. 7b and are integrally molded. In other words, each armature winding has an opening angle of 72 degrees with respect to the magnetic pole width.
6/5) and are arranged adjacent to each other at an equal pitch without overlapping. The conductor part that contributes to the generated torque of the armature winding (20 in the case of armature winding 20-1)
-1-a, 20-1-b portions) have an opening angle of 60 degrees, which is equal to the magnetic pole width, and corresponds to the armature 14 shown in the third figure. Returning to Figure 4, armature winding 20
-1 is connected to the commutator piece 21-2, the other end is connected to the commutator piece 21-3, and the other ends of the armature winding 20-2 are connected to the commutator piece 21-2, respectively.
5 and 21-6, both ends of the armature winding 21-3 are connected to 21-8 and 21-9, respectively, and the armature winding 20-
Both ends of 4 are commutator pieces 21-11 and 21-, respectively.
12, both ends of the armature winding 20-5 are connected to commutator pieces 21-14 and 21-15, respectively. Although this connection method is different from wave winding or lap winding winding methods, the characteristics of the motor are exactly the same, and the same applies to the embodiments described later, but only one method will be described.
Symbols 22-1, 22-2 are DC power supply positive and negative poles 23-
1 and 23-2 respectively, and the opening angle is 180 degrees (3/1 of the magnetic pole width), but the opening angle of 360/2mn = 60 degrees (magnetic pole width), or 300 degrees.
It is equivalent and can be implemented even with a degree opening angle (5/1 of the magnetic pole width). In the illustrated related positions, electricity is applied in the direction of the arrows, torque is generated in each armature winding, and the armature 20 and commutator 21 rotate in the directions of arrows A and B, respectively. Thus, the switching of armature current during one rotation is 2mn (2n - 1) = 30
(excluding singular points), and the subsequent torque is generated, resulting in a rotating commutator motor.

What is shown in Figures 5 and 6 is m=1, n=3
In the case of , the field magnetic poles are 2mn = 6 magnetic poles, the number of armature windings is m (2n + 1) = 7, and the number of commutator pieces is
It is an expanded type winding diagram of an embodiment consisting of mn (2n+1)=21 pieces. The field magnetic poles 19 are similar to those described in the fourth illustration. The commutator 25 has commutator pieces 25-1 and 25 with an opening angle of approximately 17.1 degrees (2/7 of the magnetic pole width).
-2,...,25-21, 360/mn
= mn separated by an opening angle of 120 degrees (2/1 of the magnetic pole width) =
Three commutator pieces are electrically short-circuited with each other by a conductive wire or the like serving as a short-circuiting member. That is, commutator piece 2
5-1, 25-8, 25-15, and commutator piece 2
5-2, 25-9, 25-16, and commutator piece 2
5-3, 25-10 and 25-17, commutator pieces 25-4, 25-11 and 25-18, commutator pieces 25-5, 25-12 and 25-19, and commutator piece 25- 6, 25-13, and 25-20, and commutator pieces 25-7, 25-14, and 25-21 are short-circuited, respectively, and correspond to the commutator 15 shown in the third diagram. The armature 24 shown in FIG.
1, 24-2, . . . , 24-7 are arranged as shown in FIG. 7c and are integrally molded. That is, the armature windings are arranged adjacent to each other at equal pitches with an opening angle of about 51.4 degrees (6/7 of the magnetic pole width) without overlapping. According to this arrangement, the conductor portions that contribute to the generated torque of the armature winding (24-1-a, 24-1-a in the case of the armature winding 24-1)
As shown in the figure, the opening angle of the portion 4-1-b is slightly narrower than the magnetic pole width. For this reason, there is a drawback that counter torque occurs, but first, the magnetic pole width is made approximately equal to the opening angle of the conductor portion that contributes to the torque generated by the armature winding. Second, widen the opening angle of the brush itself. It is clear that other conventionally known means may also be used. The same applies to the embodiments described below. The armature 26 shown in FIG.
1, 26-2, . . . , 26-7 are arranged as shown in FIG. 7d and are integrally molded. That is, each armature winding is arranged at an equal pitch of approximately 51.4 degrees (6/7 of the magnetic pole width), with parts of the armature windings overlapping each other. The conductor part that contributes to the generated torque of the armature winding (26 in the case of armature winding 26-1)
-1-a and 26-1-b) have an opening angle of 60 degrees, which is equal to the magnetic pole width. Armature 24, 26
corresponds to the armature 14 shown in the third figure. 5th, 6th
Returning to the illustration, one end of the armature windings 24-1, 26-1 is connected to the commutator piece 25-2, and the other end is connected to the commutator piece 25-2.
3, and the others are similarly connected to armature winding 24.
Both ends of -2 and 26-2 are each commutator piece 25-
5, 25-6, armature winding 24-3, 26-3
Both ends are commutator pieces 25-8 and 25-9, respectively.
Both ends of the armature windings 24-4, 26-4 are connected to commutator pieces 25-11, 25-12, respectively, and both ends of the armature windings 24-5, 26-5 are connected to commutator pieces 25-14, respectively. , 25-15, the armature winding 24-
Both ends of 6 and 26-6 are each commutator piece 25-1.
7, 25-18, armature winding 24-7, 26-
Both ends of 7 are commutator pieces 25-20, 25-
21. Brush 22-1, 22-2
The opening angle and the like are the same as those explained in the fourth drawing. At the related positions shown, electricity is applied in the direction of the arrow, torque is generated in each armature winding, and the armature 2
4, 26 and commutator 25 rotate in the directions of arrows A and B, respectively. In this way, the armature current is switched at a rate of 2m x n (2n + 1) = 42 times (excluding singular points) during one rotation, and a continuous torque is generated, resulting in a rotating commutator motor. be.

What is shown in Fig. 8 is when m=1, n=4,
That is, the field magnetic poles are 2mn = 8 magnetic poles, the number of armature windings is m (2n - 1) = 7, and the number of commutator pieces is mn x (2n
-1) is an expanded winding diagram of an embodiment consisting of 28 windings. As shown in FIG. 11a, the field magnetic pole 27 consists of magnetic poles 27-1, 27-2, .
This corresponds to the field magnetic pole 13 shown in FIG. Commutator 29
is commutator piece 2 with an opening angle of approximately 12.9 degrees (2/7 of the magnetic pole width)
9-1, 29, -2, ..., 29-28, 360/mn = 4 commutator pieces separated by an opening angle of 90 degrees (2/1 of the magnetic pole width) are short-circuited. It is electrically short-circuited by a conductor wire or the like. That is, commutator pieces 29-1, 29-8, 29-15, and 29-22, commutator pieces 29-2, 29-9, 29-16, and 29-23, and commutator pieces 29-3.
and 29-10, 29-17 and 29-24, and commutator pieces 29-4, 29-11, 29-18 and 92
9-25, and commutator pieces 29-5, 29-12, 29-19, and 29-26, and commutator pieces 29-6.
and 29-13, 29-20 and 29-27, and commutator pieces 29-7, 29-14, 29-21 and 29
-28 are short-circuited, and correspond to the commutator 15 shown in the third figure. The armature 20 has an armature winding 28
-1, 28-2, ..., 28-7 are arranged at exactly the same opening angle as explained in Fig. 7c,
It is molded as one piece. That is, each armature winding has an opening angle of approximately 51.4 degrees (8/8 of the magnetic pole width).
7) are arranged adjacent to each other at equal pitches without overlapping. According to this arrangement, the conductor portion (armature winding 28) that contributes to the generated torque of the armature winding
In the case of -1, the opening angle of the portions 28-1-a and 28-1-b is slightly narrower than the magnetic pole width as shown in the figure. One end of the armature winding 28-1 is connected to the commutator piece 2
9-2, the other end is connected to the commutator piece 29-3, and similarly, both ends of the armature winding 28-2 are connected to the commutator pieces 29-6 and 29-7, respectively. Both ends of the wire 28-3 are connected to commutator pieces 29-1, respectively.
0, 29-11, both ends of the armature winding 28-4 are connected to commutator pieces 29-14, 29-15, respectively, and both ends of the armature winding 28-5 are connected to commutator pieces 29, respectively.
-18, 29-19, both ends of the armature winding 28-6 are connected to commutator pieces 29-22, 29-23, respectively.
Both ends of the armature winding 28-7 are connected to commutator pieces 29-26 and 29-27, respectively. Symbols 22-1, 22-2 are DC power supply positive and negative poles 23-
1 and 23-2 are shown, and the opening angle is 135 degrees (3/1 of the magnetic pole width), but the opening angle of 360/2mn = 45 degrees (magnetic pole width), or 225
An opening angle of 315 degrees (2/1 of the magnetic pole width) or an opening angle of 315 degrees (7/1 of the magnetic pole width) is also equivalent and can be implemented. At the related positions shown, electricity is applied in the direction of the arrow;
Torque is generated in each armature winding, and the armature 28 and commutator 29 rotate in the directions of arrows A and B, respectively. In this way, the armature current is switched at a rate of 2mn (2n - 1) = 56 times (excluding singular points) during one rotation, and a continuous torque is generated, resulting in a rotating commutator motor. be.

The ones shown in Figures 9 and 10 are m=1, n=4
In the case of , the field magnetic poles are 2mn = 8 magnetic poles, the number of armature windings is m (2n + 1) = 9, and the number of commutator pieces is
It is an expanded type winding diagram of an embodiment consisting of mn (2n+1)=36 pieces. The field magnetic pole 27 is similar to that described in FIG. The commutator 31 has commutator pieces 31-1, 31-2 with an opening angle of 10 degrees (2/9 of the magnetic pole width).
......, 31-36, each mn = 4 commutator pieces separated by an opening angle of 360/mn = 90 degrees (2/1 of the magnetic pole width) are connected electrically by a conductive wire, etc. that serves as a short-circuiting member. There is a short circuit. That is, commutator pieces 31-1, 31-10, 31-19, and 31-28, and commutator pieces 31-2, 31-11, 31-20, and 31-
29, and commutator pieces 31-3, 31-12, and 31
-21 and 31-30, and commutator pieces 31-4 and 3
1-13, 31-22, and 31-31, and commutator pieces 31-5, 31-14, 31-23, and 31-3.
2, and commutator pieces 31-6, 31-15, and 31-
24 and 31-33, and commutator pieces 31-7 and 31
-16, 31-25 and 31-34, and commutator pieces 31-8, 31-17, 31-26 and 31-3
5, and commutator pieces 31-9, 31-18, and 31-
27 and 31-36 are shorted, respectively, and the third
This corresponds to the commutator 15 shown in the figure. The armature 30 shown in FIG. 9 has armature windings 30-1, 30-2, ..., 3.
0-9 are arranged as shown in FIG. 11b and are integrally molded. That is, the armature windings are arranged adjacent to each other at equal pitches with an opening angle of 40 degrees (8/9 of the magnetic pole width) without overlapping. According to this arrangement, the opening angle of the conductor portions (30-1-a and 30-1-b portions in the case of the armature winding 30-1) that contribute to the generated torque of the armature winding is as shown in the figure. It is slightly narrower than the magnetic pole width.
The armature 32 shown in FIG. 10 has an armature winding 32-1,
32-2, . . . , 32-9 are arranged as shown in FIG. 11c and are integrally molded. That is, each armature winding is arranged at an equal pitch of 40 degrees (8/9 of the magnetic pole width), with parts of the windings overlapping each other. The conductor part that contributes to the generated torque of the armature winding (32-1- in the case of armature winding 32-1)
The opening angle of portions a and 32-1-b is 45 degrees, which is equal to the magnetic pole width. Armatures 30 and 32 are the third
This corresponds to the armature 14 shown in the figure. Returning to the ninth and tenth illustrations, one end of the armature windings 30-1, 32-1 is connected to the commutator piece 31-2, the other end is connected to the commutator piece 31-3, and the other ends are connected to the commutator piece 31-3. Armature winding 30-
Both ends of 2 and 32-2 are connected to commutator pieces 31-
6, 31-7, armature winding 30-3, 32-3
Both ends of commutator pieces 31-10 and 31-1 respectively
1, both ends of the armature windings 30-4, 32-4 are connected to commutator pieces 31-14, 31-15, respectively, and both ends of the armature windings 30-5, 32-5 are connected to commutator pieces 31-1, respectively. 18, 31-19, armature winding 30
Both ends of -6, 32-6 are each commutator piece 31-
22, 31-23, armature winding 30-7, 32
Both ends of -7 are commutator pieces 31-26, 31, respectively.
-27, both ends of the armature windings 30-8, 32-8 are connected to commutator pieces 31-30, 31-31, respectively,
Both ends of the armature windings 30-9, 32-9 are connected to commutator pieces 31-34, 31-35, respectively. The opening angles of the brushes 22-1 and 22-2 are the same as those explained in the eighth figure. At the related positions shown in the figure, electricity is applied in the direction of the arrow, and torque is generated in each armature winding, resulting in armatures 30, 32 and commutator 31.
rotate in the directions of arrows A and B, respectively. Thus, the switching of armature current during one rotation is 2 mn.
This is done at a rate of (2n+1) = 72 times (excluding singular points), and a continuous torque is generated, resulting in a rotating commutator motor.

The case shown in Fig. 12 is when m = 1, n = 5, that is, the field magnetic pole is 2mn = 10 magnetic poles, the number of armature windings is m (2n - 1) = 9, and the number of commutator pieces is 2mn = 10. number is mn
It is an expanded type winding diagram of an example consisting of (2n-1)=45 pieces. The field magnetic pole 33 is as shown in FIG. 15a.
It consists of magnetic poles 33-1, 33-2, . The commutator 35 is composed of commutator pieces 35-1, 35-2, ..., 35-45 with an opening angle of 8 degrees (2/9 of the magnetic pole width), and an opening angle of 360/mn = 72 degrees (magnetic pole width). The commutator pieces (mn=5) separated by 2/1 of the width are electrically short-circuited using a conductive wire or the like that serves as a short-circuiting member. That is, commutator pieces 35-1, 35-10, and 35-19
and 35-28 and 35-37, and commutator piece 35-
2 and 35-11 and 35-20 and 35-29 and 35
-38, and commutator pieces 35-3, 35-12 and 3
5-21, 35-30 and 35-39, and commutator pieces 35-4, 35-13, 35-22 and 35-3
1 and 35-40, and commutator pieces 35-5 and 35-
14, 35-23, 35-32, and 35-41, and commutator pieces 35-6, 35-15, 35-24, 35-33, and 35-42, and commutator piece 35-7.
and 35-16 and 35-25 and 35-34 and 35-
43, and commutator pieces 35-8, 35-17, and 35
-26 and 35-35 and 35-44, and commutator pieces 35-9 and 35-18 and 35-27 and 35-36
and 35-45 are short-circuited, and correspond to the commutator 15 shown in the third diagram. The armature 34 has armature windings 34-1, 34-2, ..., 34-9 in the 11th
They are arranged at exactly the same opening angle as explained in FIG. b and are integrally molded. That is, the armature windings are arranged adjacent to each other at equal pitches with an opening angle of 40 degrees (10/9 of the magnetic pole width) without overlapping. According to this arrangement, the opening angle of the conductor portions (34-1-a and 34-1-b portions in the case of the armature winding 34-1) that contribute to the generated torque of the armature winding is as shown in the figure. It is slightly narrower than the magnetic pole width. One end of the armature winding 34-1 is connected to a commutator piece 35-3, and the other end is connected to a commutator piece 35-4. Similarly, both ends of the armature winding 34-2 are connected to a commutator piece 35-3, and the other end is connected to a commutator piece 35-4. Both ends of the armature winding 34-3 are connected to the commutator pieces 35-8 and 35-9, respectively.
13, 35-14, both ends of the armature winding 34-4 are connected to commutator pieces 35-18, 35-19, respectively,
Both ends of the armature winding 34-5 are connected to commutator pieces 3, respectively.
5-23, 35-24, both ends of the armature winding 34-6 are connected to commutator pieces 35-28, 35-29, respectively.
, both ends of the armature winding 34-7 are connected to the commutator pieces 35-33, 35-34, respectively, and the armature winding 34-
Both ends of 8 are commutator pieces 35-38, 35-, respectively.
39, both ends of the armature winding 34-9 are connected to commutator pieces 35-43 and 35-44, respectively. Symbols 22-1 and 22-2 are DC power supply positive and negative poles 2
3-1 and 23-2 respectively, the opening angle is 180 degrees (5/1 of the magnetic pole width), but the opening angle (magnetic pole width) is 360/2mn = 36 degrees, or 108
degree opening angle (3/1 of the magnetic pole width), or 252 degree opening angle (7/1 of the magnetic pole width), or 324 degree opening angle (9/1 of the magnetic pole width).
1) is equivalent and can be implemented. At the related positions shown, electricity is applied in the direction of the arrow, torque is generated in each armature winding, and the armature 34 and commutator 35 rotate in the directions of arrows A and B, respectively.
In this way, the armature current is switched at a rate of 2mn (2n - 1) = 90 times (excluding singular points) during one rotation, and a continuous torque is generated, resulting in a rotating commutator motor. be.

What is shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 is m=1, n
= 5, that is, development of an embodiment in which the field magnetic poles are 2mn = 10 magnetic poles, the number of armature windings is m (2n + 1) = 11 pieces, and the number of commutator pieces is mn (2n + 1) = 55 pieces. It is a formula winding diagram. The field magnetic pole 33 is similar to that described in the twelfth diagram. The commutator 37 is approximately
Commutator piece 37- with an opening angle of 6.5 degrees (2/11 of the magnetic pole width)
Consisting of 1, 37-2, ..., 37-55,
5 mn commutator pieces separated by an opening angle of 360/mn = 72 degrees (2/1 of the magnetic pole width) are electrically short-circuited using a conductive wire or the like serving as a short-circuiting member. That is, commutator pieces 37-1, 37-12, 37-23, and 37
-34 and 37-45, and commutator pieces 37-2 and 3
7-13 and 37-24 and 37-35 and 37-4
6, and commutator pieces 37-3, 37-14, and 37-
25 and 37-36 and 37-47, and commutator piece 3
7-4, 37-15, 37-26, 37-37, and 37-48, and commutator pieces 37-5 and 37-16
and 37-27, 37-38 and 37-49, and commutator pieces 37-6, 37-17, 37-28 and 37
-39 and 37-50, and commutator pieces 37-7 and 3
7-18 and 37-29 and 37-40 and 37-5
1, and commutator pieces 37-8, 37-19, and 37-
30 and 37-41 and 37-52, and commutator piece 3
7-9, 37-20, 37-31, 37-42, and 37-53, and commutator pieces 37-10 and 37-2
1, 37-32, 37-43, and 37-54, and commutator pieces 37-11, 37-22, 37-33, 37-44, and 37-55 are short-circuited, respectively, and the commutator shown in the third figure It corresponds to 15. The armature 36 shown in FIG. 13 has armature windings 36-1, 36-
2, . . . , 36-11 are arranged as shown in FIG. 15b and are integrally molded.
That is, the armature windings are arranged adjacent to each other at equal pitches with an opening angle of approximately 32.7 degrees (10/11 of the magnetic pole width) without overlapping. According to this arrangement, the conductor portions that contribute to the generated torque of the armature winding (in the case of the armature winding 36-1, 36-1-a, 36-
As shown in the figure, the opening angle of section 1-b is slightly narrower than the magnetic pole width. The armature 38 shown in Fig. 14 has armature windings 38-1, 38-2, ..., 38-1.
1 are arranged as shown in FIG. 15c and are integrally molded. That is, each armature winding is arranged at an equal pitch with an opening angle of approximately 32.7 degrees (10/11 of the magnetic pole width), with parts of the armature windings overlapping each other. Conductor portions that contribute to the generated torque of the armature winding (38-1-a, 3 in the case of armature winding 38-1)
The opening angle of section 8-1-b) is 36 degrees, which is equal to the magnetic pole width. Armatures 36 and 38 correspond to armature 14 shown in the third figure. Returning to the 13th and 14th illustrations, one end of the armature windings 36-1, 38-1 is connected to the commutator piece 37-3, the other end is connected to the commutator piece 37-4, and the other ends are connected in the same way. Armature winding 36-2, 3
Both ends of 8-2 are commutator pieces 37-8, 37, respectively.
-9, both ends of armature windings 36-3, 38-3 are connected to commutator pieces 37-13, 37-14, respectively, and both ends of armature windings 36-4, 38-4 are connected to commutator pieces 37, respectively. -18, 37-19, armature winding 3
Both ends of 6-5 and 38-5 are connected to commutator pieces 37, respectively.
-23, 37-24, armature winding 36-6, 3
Both ends of 8-6 are commutator pieces 37-28, 3, respectively.
7-29, both ends of the armature windings 36-7, 38-7 are connected to commutator pieces 37-33, 37-34, respectively.
Both ends of the armature windings 36-8, 38-8 are connected to commutator pieces 37-38, 37-39, respectively, and both ends of the armature windings 36-9, 38-9 are connected to commutator pieces 37-43, respectively. , 37-44, armature winding 36-
Both ends of 10 and 38-10 are each commutator piece 37
-48, 37-49, armature winding 36-11,
Both ends of 38-11 are each commutator piece 37-5
3, 37-54, and corresponds to the commutator 15 shown in the third diagram. The opening angles of the brushes 22-1 and 22-2 are the same as those explained in the twelfth figure. At the related positions shown in the figure, electricity is applied in the direction of the arrow, torque is generated in each armature winding, and the armature 3
6, 38 and commutator 37 rotate in the directions of arrows A and B, respectively. In this way, the armature current is switched at a rate of 2mn (2n + 1) = 110 times (excluding singular points) during one rotation, and a continuous torque is generated, resulting in a rotating commutator motor.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of a semiconductor motor provided with a disk-shaped armature. A bearing 43 is fixed to a pressed mild steel casing 42, and
A pressed mild steel casing 41 is fixed to the casing 42 with screws 49. A rotating shaft 39 that holds the turntable 40 is rotatably supported on the bearing 43, and a magnetic rotor 44 is fixed to the rotating shaft 39 via a magnetic holder 44a. A position detection band 46 is fixed to the outer periphery of the magnet rotor 44 in a ring shape. A magnetic rotor 44 serving as a field is provided with N and S magnetic poles magnetized in the direction of the rotation axis, and a mild steel disk 45 serving as a magnetic path is attached to the upper surface. An armature 48 is attached to the inner surface of the casing 42, and the casing 4
2 and the magnet rotor 44 in the air gap magnetic field. Reference numeral 47 indicates a support for the position detection element, which is held in a hole provided in the housing 41. The lower part of the bearing 43 has a threaded part on the outer periphery and is screwed onto the female thread 43-1 to connect the rotating shaft 3.
9 in the thrust direction.

Next, referring to FIG. 17, a description will be given of an application of the present invention to a semiconductor motor provided with the above-mentioned disk-shaped armature. When m = 1, n = 3, that is, the field magnetic pole is 2mn = 6 magnetic poles, the number of armature windings is m (2n - 1) = 5, and the switching of the armature current is 2mn in one rotation. FIG. 3 is a developed winding diagram of an embodiment comprising a rectifying device that performs rectification at a rate of (2n-1)=30 times (excluding singular points). The magnet rotor 50, which serves as field magnetic poles, has magnetic poles 50-1, 50-2, .
..., 50-6, rotates in the direction of arrow C, and corresponds to the magnet rotor 44 shown in FIG. The armature 51 has armature windings 51-1, 51-2, 51
-3, 51-4, 51-5 in Figure 7b,
It is arranged with exactly the same opening angle as described and serves as a stator. That is, each armature winding is
They are arranged adjacent to each other at equal pitches with an opening angle of 72 degrees (6/5 of the magnetic pole width) without overlapping. The opening angle of the conductor part (50-1-a and 50-1-b parts in the case of armature winding 50-1) that contributes to the generated torque of the armature winding is 60 degrees, which is equal to the magnetic pole width. This corresponds to the armature 48 shown in FIG. Each armature winding is connected in series, armature windings 51-1 and 51-3, 51-3 and 51-5, 51-5 and 51
-2, 51-2 and 51-4, 51-4 and 51-1
The connection portions are connected to a DC power supply positive pole 55-1 and a DC power supply negative pole 55- through a commonly used energization control circuit 52.
Connected to 2. Symbol 53-1, 53-2,
Reference numerals 53-3, 53-4, and 53-5 are position sensing elements, for example, Hall elements, induction coils, and the like. The opening angle of each is 72 degrees (6/5 of the magnetic pole width). Position detection elements 53-1, 53-2, 5
3-3, 53-4, and 53-5 are housed in a support body 47 shown in FIG. 16, and are opposed to the position detection band 46. When the position sensing element is a Hall element, the magnetic poles 50-1, 50 of the magnet rotor 50
-2, . . . , 50-6 leakage magnetic flux to the outside can be utilized. Symbol 54 is the shaded part 54-1,
54-3 and 54-5 are N poles, and the dot part 54-
2, 54-4, and 54-6 are the S poles, and correspond to the position detection band 46 shown in FIG. Hall element 53- when facing the S pole
The outputs of 1, 53-2, 53-3, 53-4, and 53-5 conduct the corresponding transistors, etc. of the first group included in the energization control circuit 52, and connect the DC power supply positive electrode 55-1 and the corresponding electrical machine. The child winding becomes conductive. In addition, the Hall element 53 when facing the N pole
-1, 53-2, 53-3, 53-4, 53-5
The output makes the corresponding transistors of the second group included in the energization control circuit 52 conductive, and the armature winding corresponding to the DC power supply negative electrode 55-2 becomes conductive. The armature current is controlled by these conductions. That is, in the illustrated relative position, the Hall element 53-5 faces the S pole.
The output makes the corresponding transistor of the first group conductive, and connects the DC power supply positive electrode 55-1 and the armature winding 51-.
4 and 51-1 are electrically connected. Further, the output of the Hall element 53-1 facing the N pole makes the corresponding transistor of the second group conductive, and the connection between the DC power supply negative electrode 55-2 and the armature windings 51-5 and 51-2 becomes conductive. becomes. Therefore, current is applied in the direction of the arrow, and torque is generated in each armature winding, and the magnet rotor 50 and the position sensing band 54 rotate in the directions of arrows C and D, respectively. Thus, the switching of armature current during one rotation is 2mn (2n - 1) = 30
rotation (excluding singular points), and the subsequent torque is generated to rotate. Since this energization method is the same as that of a commonly used semiconductor motor, the magnet rotor 50 and position detection band 54 form a semiconductor motor that rotates in the directions of arrows C and D. The above-described embodiment is a case in which the field magnetic poles are six magnetic poles and the number of armature windings is five, but other embodiments can be similarly applied to semiconductor motors.

In all of the embodiments described above, the present invention is applied to a disc-shaped armature, but it is obvious that it can also be applied to a cylindrical armature, and furthermore, it can be similarly applied to an iron core electric motor. Furthermore, as stated at the beginning, the present invention has m(2n±1) armature windings and 2mn armature current switching during one rotation for a field magnetic pole having 2mn magnetic poles. ×
The objects of the present invention can be achieved in all cases where a rectifying device that performs rectification at a rate of (2n±1) times is provided. Therefore, in addition to the above embodiment, in the case of 12 poles,
It can be applied in any case, such as 11 or 13 armature windings, 13 or 15 armature windings in the case of 14 poles, etc. Furthermore, although all of the above-mentioned embodiments are for the case where m=1, even if the number of magnetic field poles, the number of armature windings, etc. are each multiplied by an integer m, all the armature windings have the same pitch, and It has the characteristics that the armature can be formed thinly, and a DC motor with high torque, high efficiency, and good rectification characteristics can be obtained.

As can be seen from the above description, according to the present invention, the objects stated at the beginning are achieved and the effects are significant.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are developed winding diagrams of conventionally known field magnetic poles and a wave-wound armature, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of a commutator motor. Eighth,
9, 10, 12, 13, and 14 are exploded winding diagrams of different embodiments of field magnetic poles and armatures applied to a commutator motor, and FIG. 7a is a
The developed views of the embodiments of the field magnetic poles shown in the fourth, fifth and sixth figures, and FIGS. 7b, c and d are respectively the fourth, fifth and sixth
Exploded view of the embodiment of the armature shown in Figure 6, Figure 11a
11b and 11c are developed views of the embodiments of the field magnetic poles shown in the 8th, 9th, and 10th figures, respectively.
FIG. 15a: Developed view of the embodiment of the armature shown in FIG.
15 is a developed view of the embodiment of the field magnetic pole shown in FIGS. 12, 13, and 14, and FIGS.
3. Expanded view of the embodiment of the armature shown in Fig. 14, 1st
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the semiconductor motor, and FIG. 17 is an exploded winding diagram of an embodiment of the field magnetic poles and armature applied to the semiconductor motor. 1... Field magnetic poles having magnetic poles 1-1, 1-2, ..., 1-6, 2... Armature windings 2-1, 2-
armature with 2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 3
... Commutator pieces 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4,
Commutator with 3-5, 4-1, 4-2,...,
4-6, 16, 22-1, 22-2...brush, 5
-1, 5-3, 5-5, 23-1, 55-1...
DC power supply positive pole, 5-2, 5-4, 5-6, 23-
2,55-2... DC power supply negative electrode, 6... Armature having armature windings 6-1, 6-2,..., 6-15, 7... Commutator pieces 7-1, 7-2 ,...,7-
commutator having 15, 8, 39... rotating shaft, 9,
10, 41, 42... Housing, 11, 12, 43...
... Bearing, 13 ... Field magnetic pole, 14, 48 ... Armature, 15 ... Commutator, 17 ... Brush holder, 1
8, 49... screw, 19... magnetic pole 19-1, 19
-2,..., 19-6 field poles, 20...
...armature winding 20-1, 20-2, 20-3, 2
Armature with 0-4, 20-5, 20-1-
a, 20-1-b...Conductor portion contributing to the generated torque of the armature winding 20-1, 21...Commutator piece 21
-1, 21-2, ..., 21-15 commutator, 24 ... armature windings 24-1, 24-2, ...
..., 24-7 armature, 24-1-a, 2
4-1-b...Conductor portion contributing to the generated torque of the armature winding 24-1, 25...Commutator piece 25-1,
Commutator with 25-2, ..., 25-21, 2
6... Armature winding 26-1, 26-2,..., 2
Armature having 6-7, 27...magnetic pole 27-1,
27-2, ..., 27-8 field magnetic poles, 2
8... Armature winding 28-1, 28-2,..., 2
Armature with 8-7, 28-1-a, 28-1
-b... Conductor portion contributing to the generated torque of armature winding 28-1, 29... Commutator pieces 29-1, 29-
2,..., 29-28 commutator, 30...
Armature winding 30-1, 30-2, ..., 30-9
armatures, 30-1-a, 30-1-b...
...Conductor portion contributing to the generated torque of the armature winding 30-1, 31...Commutator pieces 31-1, 31-2,...
Commutator having ..., 31-36, 32... Armature having armature windings 32-1, 32-2, ..., 32-9, 32-1-a, 32-1-b... Electric machine a conductor portion that contributes to the generated torque of the child winding 32-1;
33... Magnetic poles 33-1, 33-2,..., 33-
field pole having 10, 34... armature winding 34;
-1, 34-2, ..., 34-9, 34-1-a, 34-1-b ... conductor portion contributing to the generated torque of armature winding 34-1, 35 ...
... Commutator pieces 35-1, 35-2, ..., 35-4
Commutator having 5, 36...armature winding 36-
1, 36-2, ..., 36-11, 36-1-a, 36-1-b... conductor portion contributing to the generated torque of the armature winding 36-1, 37...
... Commutator pieces 37-1, 37-2, ..., 37-5
Commutator having 5, 38...armature winding 38-
1, 38-2, ..., 38-11, 38-1-a, 38-1-b... conductor portion contributing to the generated torque of armature winding 38-1, 40...
...turntable, 44...magnetic rotor,
44a... Magnetic holder, 45... Mild steel disc, 46... Position detection band, 47... Support body,
50...Magnetic poles 50-1, 50-2,..., 50-
6, 51...armature windings 51-1, 51-2, 51-3, 51-4, 5
Armature with 1-5, 51-1-a, 51-1
-b...Conductor portion contributing to the generated torque of the armature winding 51-1, 52...Electrification control circuit, 53-1,
53-2, 53-3, 53-4, 53-5... position detection element, 54... 54-1, 54-2,...
..., 54-6 parts.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A field magnetic pole comprising 2mn magnetic poles (m is an integer of 1 or more, n is an integer of 3 or more) magnetized with an opening angle equal to the N and S poles, and the field magnetic pole A magnetic body for closing the magnetic path and m (2n±1) armature windings are arranged at equal pitches and are provided opposite the field magnetic poles in the magnetic path. a rectifying device that switches the armature current at a rate of 2mn (2n±1) times (excluding singular points) during one rotation of the armature; and the above-mentioned armature or the above-mentioned field. A direct current motor comprising a rotating shaft rotatably supporting magnetic poles and supported by a bearing provided in an outer casing. 2. In the claim set forth in item 1, mn (2n±1) commutator pieces forming a commutator are connected to terminals of the above-mentioned armature winding that respectively correspond to predetermined commutator pieces. At the same time, the field magnetic poles are separated by an opening angle (360/mn degree) twice the magnetic pole width.
and a short-circuiting member that electrically shorts each of the mn pieces of the commutator pieces, and supplies power to the armature winding from the positive and negative poles of the DC power supply through the brushes that slide on the commutator pieces, The opening degree of the brush on the above-mentioned commutator pieces is the same as the opening angle of the magnetic pole width of the above-mentioned field magnetic poles (360/2 mn degree), or the distance between the brushes on the commutator pieces commonly connected to those commutator pieces. A DC motor characterized by an open angle.