JPS6140380B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6140380B2
JPS6140380B2 JP59087567A JP8756784A JPS6140380B2 JP S6140380 B2 JPS6140380 B2 JP S6140380B2 JP 59087567 A JP59087567 A JP 59087567A JP 8756784 A JP8756784 A JP 8756784A JP S6140380 B2 JPS6140380 B2 JP S6140380B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
flour
confectionery
wheat
rye
cakes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP59087567A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS60232065A (en
Inventor
Minoru Okumura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to JP59087567A priority Critical patent/JPS60232065A/en
Publication of JPS60232065A publication Critical patent/JPS60232065A/en
Publication of JPS6140380B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6140380B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

産業上の利用分野 本発明は、小麦粉の品質改良方法に関するもの
であり、更に詳細には特に製菓用に適した穀粉へ
と小麦粉の品質を改良する方法に関するものであ
る。 従来の技術 菓子やケーキ類の製造は、製菓用原料小麦粉の
品質によつて大きく左右され、小麦粉の調製には
細心な注意が払われる。特に、製菓用小麦粉に
は、ケーキ等製造時に、体積が増大すること、ま
た体積が増大してもへたらないこと、きめが細か
いこと等の品質特性が要求される。 そのために、蛋白質量が少なく、グルテン量も
少く、麩力の弱い微粒子の薄力小麦粉が専ら使用
されている。 このような製菓特性のすぐれた薄力小麦粉は、
特定の原料小麦品種からしか得られず、他の品種
からでは物理、化学、又は生物学的処理を施して
も目的とするものは得られないのが現状である。
そして現在の製菓工業においては、米国産の軟質
系白粒種であるウエスタンホワイト(W・W)が
製菓用小麦原料として専ら使用されており、これ
にまさるものは工業的見地からは存在しない(昭
和57年5月1日、同文書院発行、桜井芳人編「総
合食品事典」“軟質小麦”の項参照)。 発明が解決しようとする問題点 しかしながら、軟質小麦には、我が国ではほと
んど生産されないし、世界的にみてもその生産量
はきわめて少なく、資源的に大きな問題がある。 また、このウエスタンホワイト種から製造した
薄力小麦粉も、製菓加工の際に生地に混練する場
合、これを練りすぎると麩力が過度に形成され、
また、生地を放置しておくと麩力が形成されると
いう欠点が生じる。 そのために、多少の玉が残る程度に軽度に混合
したり、混練した生地を直ちに使用したりして、
作業時にデリケートな注意を払う必要があり、し
たがつて、特に工業的に大規模に実施するのが非
常に困難である。 そのうえ、この製菓用小麦粉も、例えば、スポ
ンジケーキ用に調整したものは、高級カステラ用
には使用できないという欠点があり、汎用性に欠
け、それぞれの製品に適合した小麦粉を各々製造
しなければならなかつたのである。 問題点を解決するための手段 本発明は、これらの欠点を解決するためのもの
であつて、国内資源はもちろんのこと世界的にみ
ても非常に生産量の少ない軟質小麦を使用するこ
となく、作業性にすぐれて工業的処理が容易であ
り、しかも汎用性を有する特に製菓用に適した小
麦粉を製造するためのものである。 本発明者は、生産量が非常に少ない軟質小麦の
代替物について検討し、安定供給という面で、グ
ルテン量が最も少ない軟質小麦とは全く正反対の
グルテン量が最も多い硬質小麦を始め、ウエスタ
ンホワイト種以外の各種小麦に着目をした。 菓子、ケーキ類の体積膨張のメカニズムは、生
地中の空気やベーキングパウダー等を発生源とす
る二酸化炭素の熱膨張によるものであるから、こ
の熱膨張を妨害する程度にまで強いグルテン力が
存在すると目的とする菓子、ケーキ類を得ること
は不可能である。このような理由から、製菓原料
としては、グルテン量の少ない薄力粉を使用せざ
るを得ず、他の小麦粉は使用することができなか
つたのである。したがつて、他の小麦粉、特にグ
ルテン量の多い強力粉は、製菓業界においては禁
忌とされており、これを製菓原料として使用する
ことはそのメカニズム上も考えられないことであ
つた。 本発明者は、このような当業界における技術常
識に敢えて挑戦し、軟質小麦以外の高蛋白小麦か
らも製菓原料小麦粉の製造に成功したものであつ
て、この点のみをもつてしても進歩性はもちろん
のこと、新規性をも具備するものである。 本発明者は、製菓原料としては不適であつた非
低蛋白小麦粉を製菓用に適した小麦粉に品質改良
することを目的とし、更には、従来の薄力粉より
すぐれた製菓特性を付与せしめ、併せて製菓作業
性を改善して工業用に適したデリケートな操作を
必要とせず、また、得られた製品に不快な風味を
付与することのない小麦粉の製造を目的として、
小麦粉の処理、食品添加物の使用その他極めて広
範囲な検討を行つた。 その結果、小麦粉に配合剤を加えるのが良いと
の知見を得、配合剤としては食品衛生上、また公
害防止上も天然物が好適であるとの見地にたち、
天然の配合剤について極めて広範なスクリーニン
グを行い、全く予期せざることに、ライ麦粉の使
用に到達したのである。 すなわち、本発明は、ライ麦粉を小麦粉に添加
配合することを特徴とする小麦粉の製菓用穀粉へ
の品質改良方法である。 本発明方法によれば、ライ麦粉を小麦粉に適量
単に配合すればよく、構成が簡単な点も本発明の
重要な特徴の1つである。ライ麦粉を添加配合し
た小麦粉は常法により混練し、他の原料を配合
し、焼成、加熱、蒸熱、油ちよう処理等を行つ
て、自由に目的とするケーキ、菓子類を製造する
ことができる。ライ麦粉の配合割合は、併用する
小麦粉の品質、特にその蛋白含量によつて異なる
けれども5〜100%の範囲内で自由に変えること
ができる。配合する小麦粉としては、強力粉、中
力粉も自由に使用できるし、薄力粉を活用しても
勿論良好な結果が得られる。 ライ麦粉は、飼料用以外では製パン原料として
しか有効な用途がなかつたのであるが、本発明に
よつて更にその用途が広まつた。ライ麦粉を使用
することによつて奏される著効の詳細なメカニズ
ムは今後の研究にまたねばならないが、ライ麦粉
は蛋白質として、プロラミンの1種であるグリア
ジンを主成分として含有するためにグルテンを形
成せず、したがつて弾力性を形成することがな
く、熱凝固性もない。しかし、粘着性はかなり強
い。そして、非常に微粒子なのである。 すなわち、ライ麦粉は、小麦粉のように蛋白質
に被覆された澱粉粒子からなる大型細胞片の含有
量が少なく、蛋白粒子と澱粉粒子とが相互に分離
している比較的均一な小型粒子の集まりであり、
この微粒子性が空気抱含率を高めている。 このような性質が、小麦粉との配合により相互
補完的に、又は相乗的に作用し合つて、粘弾性を
抑制する一方で粘着性を増強し、グルテンの熱凝
固性を弱め、空気の保有量を適度にする等、すぐ
れた製菓特性が得られるものと思料される。 そのため、従来の薄力粉だけで作られた、例え
ば、スポンジ系統のケーキと較べて、浮きが良
く、軽く焼き上り、ソフトでしつとりとした食感
のケーキが出来る。 また、ライ麦粉を配合することによつて、すぐ
れた物理性が得られ、グルテンの網目構造が弱ま
り、強度の混練を行つても麩力が強化されること
がなく、機械的に自由に処理することができる。 本発明にしたがつて、ライ麦粉を小麦粉に配合
してなる製菓用穀粉は、文献未載の新規な食品組
成物であつて、後述する実施例からも明らかなよ
うに、すぐれた製菓特性を示すだけでなく、スポ
ンジケーキにも、カステラにも、またその他の従
来小麦粉を必要不可欠とした菓子、ケーキにも自
由に使用することができ、汎用性がきわめて高
い。 また、作業性の改善も著しく、生地をこねても
力が出ないので、機械処理が可能であり、大量生
産がここにはじめて可能となつたのである。 以下、本発明の実施例及びすぐれた効果につい
て述べることにする。 実施例 1 ライ麦粉と組合せる小麦粉に、米国産ハードレ
ツドウインター(HRW)を使用し、ライ麦粉を
それぞれ0%、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%
の割合で添加して下記するスポンジケーキ試験を
行つた。 ここで用いたHRWは原麦の粗たん白質含量が
13%以上のいわゆるH.P.(ハイプロ)と呼ばれ
るもので、普通は製パン用原料として用いられる
ものであつて、製菓原料としては使用できないも
のである。今回使用したのは、それから挽砕した
粗たん白含量10.7%の1等粉である。 スポンジケーキ試験は、粉100、砂糖113、鶏卵
183、スキムミルク2、水17、溶かしバター10の
配合割合で常法によりスポンジケーキを焼いて行
つた。 その結果H.P.100%区は、体積も小さく内相、
食味とも余り良くなかつたが、ライ麦粉を添加す
るとその添加率を増していくに従つて体積を増
し、軽く焼き上つて行き、80%の添加率で最大の
体積を示しライ麦粉100%では体積をやや減じ
た。食味等を加えた総合的評価では60%添加のも
のが最も良かつた。このようにライ麦粉添加によ
るケーキの改良効果は著しいものであつた。その
結果は、第一表、第二表及び図面に示す通りであ
る。 なお、パネルテストは、習熟したパネル10名を
用いて、10点法によつて行つた。
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for improving the quality of wheat flour, and more particularly to a method for improving the quality of wheat flour into a flour suitable for confectionery. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The production of confectionery and cakes is greatly influenced by the quality of the raw material flour for confectionery, and careful attention is paid to the preparation of the flour. In particular, flour for confectionery is required to have quality characteristics such as increasing volume during the production of cakes, etc., not sagging even when the volume increases, and having a fine texture. For this reason, fine-grained, weak wheat flour with low protein content, low gluten content, and weak gluten strength is exclusively used. This soft flour with excellent confectionery properties is
Currently, it can only be obtained from specific raw wheat varieties, and the desired product cannot be obtained from other varieties even after physical, chemical, or biological treatment.
In the current confectionery industry, Western White (W.W.), a soft white grain variety produced in the United States, is exclusively used as a wheat ingredient for confectionery, and from an industrial standpoint, there is nothing better than Western White (W.W.). May 1, 1980, published by the same library, edited by Yoshito Sakurai, "Comprehensive Food Encyclopedia," see the "Soft Wheat" section). Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, soft wheat is hardly produced in Japan, and its production is extremely low even in the world, and there are major resource problems. In addition, when kneading the weak wheat flour produced from this Western White variety into the dough during confectionery processing, if it is kneaded too much, it will form an excessive amount of wheat flour.
Another disadvantage is that if the dough is left to stand, it will form a sticky residue. For this purpose, mix the dough lightly so that some balls remain, or use the kneaded dough immediately.
It requires delicate care during the operation and is therefore very difficult to carry out, especially on an industrial scale. Moreover, this flour for confectionery also has the disadvantage that, for example, one adjusted for making sponge cake cannot be used for making high-grade castella cakes, and it lacks versatility, and flour suitable for each product must be manufactured individually. It was empty. Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is intended to solve these drawbacks, and it does not use soft wheat, which is produced in very small quantities not only in domestic resources but also in the world. The purpose of the present invention is to produce wheat flour that has excellent workability, is easy to industrially process, and has general versatility and is particularly suitable for confectionery. The present inventor investigated alternatives to soft wheat, which is produced in very small quantities, and in terms of stable supply, we started with hard wheat, which has the highest amount of gluten, which is the complete opposite of soft wheat, which has the lowest amount of gluten, and Western white. We focused on various types of wheat other than seeds. The mechanism of volumetric expansion of sweets and cakes is due to the thermal expansion of carbon dioxide generated from air in the dough and baking powder, etc. Therefore, if there is a gluten force strong enough to interfere with this thermal expansion, It is impossible to obtain the desired sweets and cakes. For these reasons, soft flour with a low amount of gluten had to be used as a raw material for confectionery, and other flours could not be used. Therefore, other flours, especially strong flours with a large amount of gluten, are contraindicated in the confectionery industry, and their use as raw materials for confectionery was unthinkable due to their mechanism. The present inventor has dared to challenge the technical common sense in the industry and succeeded in producing flour as a raw material for confectionery from high-protein wheat other than soft wheat, and this alone represents progress. It is not only unique, but also novel. The present inventor aimed to improve the quality of non-low protein flour, which was unsuitable as a raw material for confectionery, into flour suitable for confectionery, and furthermore, to improve the quality of non-low protein flour, which was unsuitable as a raw material for confectionery, and to give it better confectionery properties than conventional weak flour. With the aim of improving confectionery workability and producing flour suitable for industrial use that does not require delicate operations and does not impart an unpleasant flavor to the resulting product,
A very wide range of studies were conducted, including the treatment of flour and the use of food additives. As a result, we learned that it is better to add compounding agents to flour, and from the viewpoint that natural products are suitable as compounding agents from the standpoint of food hygiene and pollution prevention.
After an extremely extensive screening of natural formulations, they arrived, quite unexpectedly, at the use of rye flour. That is, the present invention is a method for improving the quality of wheat flour into flour for confectionery, which is characterized by adding rye flour to wheat flour. According to the method of the present invention, it is sufficient to simply mix an appropriate amount of rye flour with wheat flour, and one of the important features of the present invention is that the structure is simple. Flour mixed with rye flour can be kneaded using conventional methods, mixed with other raw materials, baked, heated, steamed, treated with oil, etc., to freely manufacture desired cakes and confectionery. can. The blending ratio of rye flour can be varied freely within the range of 5 to 100%, although it varies depending on the quality of the wheat flour used, especially its protein content. As for the wheat flour to be blended, strong flour and medium-strength flour can be freely used, and of course good results can be obtained even if weak flour is used. Rye flour had no effective use other than as a raw material for bread making other than for feed, but the present invention has further expanded its use. The detailed mechanism of the effect achieved by using rye flour will require further research, but rye flour contains gliadin, a type of prolamin, as its main component, so it is difficult to avoid gluten. Therefore, it does not form elasticity and does not have thermosetting properties. However, the stickiness is quite strong. And they are very fine particles. In other words, unlike wheat flour, rye flour has a low content of large cell pieces consisting of starch particles coated with protein, and is instead a collection of relatively uniform small particles in which protein particles and starch particles are separated from each other. can be,
This fine particle nature increases the air entrapment rate. These properties work complementarily or synergistically when mixed with wheat flour, suppressing viscoelasticity while increasing adhesion, weakening the thermal coagulation properties of gluten, and increasing air retention. It is thought that excellent confectionery properties can be obtained, such as a moderate amount of sugar. Therefore, compared to, for example, sponge-type cakes made only with conventional soft flour, cakes that float well, bake lightly, and have a soft and moist texture can be produced. In addition, by incorporating rye flour, excellent physical properties are obtained, and the network structure of gluten is weakened, so that the gluten strength does not increase even when kneading is performed, and it can be processed freely mechanically. can do. According to the present invention, the flour for confectionery made by blending rye flour with wheat flour is a novel food composition that has not yet been published in any literature, and has excellent confectionery properties as is clear from the examples described below. It is extremely versatile, as it can be used freely for sponge cakes, castella cakes, and other sweets and cakes that traditionally require wheat flour. In addition, the workability was significantly improved, and since no force was required to knead the dough, it could be processed mechanically, making mass production possible for the first time. Examples and excellent effects of the present invention will be described below. Example 1 Hard red winter (HRW) produced in the United States was used as the flour to be combined with rye flour, and the rye flour was 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, respectively.
The sponge cake test described below was carried out by adding the following. The HRW used here has a crude protein content of raw wheat.
It is a so-called HP (high pro) with a content of 13% or more, and is normally used as a raw material for bread making, but cannot be used as a raw material for confectionery. The powder used this time was first-grade powder with a crude protein content of 10.7%, which was ground from that powder. Sponge cake test: flour 100, sugar 113, chicken egg
A sponge cake was baked using a conventional method using 183 parts of skim milk, 17 parts of water, and 10 parts of melted butter. As a result, the 100% HP area has a smaller volume and internal phase.
The flavor was not very good, but as the addition rate of rye flour was increased, the volume increased and the product was lightly baked.The volume reached the maximum at 80% addition rate, and the volume decreased with 100% rye flour. decreased slightly. In the overall evaluation including taste etc., the one with 60% addition was the best. Thus, the improvement effect of the cake by adding rye flour was remarkable. The results are shown in Table 1, Table 2, and the drawings. The panel test was conducted using a 10-point scale using 10 experienced panelists.

【表】【table】

【表】【table】

【表】 実施例 2 鶏卵1050gを卵黄と卵白に取り分ける。そし
て、卵白は起泡を行いながら蔗糖830gを徐々に
加える。一方、卵黄には双目糖130gと水飴100
g、蜂蜜45g、味淋45gを加えて撹拌した後、先
きの卵白混合物にその卵白の起泡を消さないよう
に加えて鶏卵混合物を得た。 これとは別に用意したライ麦粉340gを中力粉
160gに配合してなる穀粉を上記鶏卵混合物に混
合した。この際、従来法のように温和な条件でマ
ニユアル操作等で混合する必要はなく、鶏卵混合
物の気泡を消さない程度に混合器により機械的に
処理すれば充分であつた。 これを常法によつて150〜160℃の温度でオープ
ン加熱したところ、50分の加熱処理で、従来の薄
力粉を原料としたカステラと全く比肩しうる、き
わめて美味で、且つすぐれたテキスチヤー及び食
感を有するカステラが得られた。 発明の効果 上記したことから明らかなように、本発明によ
れば、生産量の少ない薄力粉にかえて、製菓原料
として使用できなかつた強力粉、中力粉を製菓用
穀粉としてはじめて使用可能にしただけでなく、
全般的に浮きが良く、きめが細かく、歯切れが良
く、しつとりとした食感を呈するといつたきわめ
てすぐれた製菓特性を奏するものである。そのう
え汎用性が高く、各種の菓子類の製造にも広く使
用することができる。 作業性の改善効果も著しく、製菓原料として専
ら用いられている薄力粉の場合においても、その
取扱い、処理には細心の注意が必要とされるのに
対して、本発明によれば、そのような注意は必要
でなく、きわめて機械的に実施できるので、工業
化するのに特に好適である。 したがつて、本発明方法によつて、食感と作業
性が改善されるとともに、新素材の開発という面
において、原料選択の範囲が更に拡大されるとい
う著効も奏されるのである。
[Table] Example 2 Separate 1050g of chicken eggs into egg yolks and egg whites. Then, while whipping the egg whites, gradually add 830g of sucrose. On the other hand, for the egg yolk, 130g of twin sugar and 100g of starch syrup.
After adding and stirring 45 g of honey, 45 g of ajirin, and stirring, the mixture was added to the egg white mixture without removing the foam, to obtain a chicken egg mixture. Separately, add 340g of rye flour to all-purpose flour.
160g of the flour was mixed into the egg mixture. At this time, it was not necessary to mix manually under mild conditions as in the conventional method, and it was sufficient to mechanically process the egg mixture using a mixer to the extent that air bubbles were not eliminated. When this was heated in the open at a temperature of 150 to 160 degrees Celsius using a conventional method, after 50 minutes of heat treatment, an extremely delicious and excellent texture and edible product was created that was completely comparable to the conventional cake flour-based castella cake. Castella cake with a good texture was obtained. Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above, according to the present invention, strong flour and all-purpose flour, which could not be used as raw materials for confectionery, can be used as flour for confectionery for the first time instead of weak flour, which is produced in small quantities. Not, but
It exhibits extremely excellent confectionery properties, such as having a generally good float, fine texture, crispness, and moist texture. Moreover, it is highly versatile and can be widely used in the production of various confectionery products. It also has a remarkable effect of improving workability, and even in the case of soft flour, which is used exclusively as a raw material for confectionery, great care is required when handling and processing it. Since no precautions are required and it can be carried out very mechanically, it is particularly suitable for industrialization. Therefore, the method of the present invention not only improves texture and workability, but also has the remarkable effect of further expanding the range of raw material selection in terms of developing new materials.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は、実施例1によつて得られたスポンジ
ケーキの断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the sponge cake obtained in Example 1.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 小麦粉にライ麦粉を配合することを特徴とす
る小麦粉の製菓用穀粉への改質方法。
1. A method for modifying wheat flour into flour for confectionery, which comprises blending rye flour with wheat flour.
JP59087567A 1984-04-29 1984-04-29 Modification of flour to confectionery grade Granted JPS60232065A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59087567A JPS60232065A (en) 1984-04-29 1984-04-29 Modification of flour to confectionery grade

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59087567A JPS60232065A (en) 1984-04-29 1984-04-29 Modification of flour to confectionery grade

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60232065A JPS60232065A (en) 1985-11-18
JPS6140380B2 true JPS6140380B2 (en) 1986-09-09

Family

ID=13918565

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59087567A Granted JPS60232065A (en) 1984-04-29 1984-04-29 Modification of flour to confectionery grade

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60232065A (en)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
COOKIE AND CRACKER TECHNOLOGY=1968 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60232065A (en) 1985-11-18

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