JPS6136073B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6136073B2 JPS6136073B2 JP21485581A JP21485581A JPS6136073B2 JP S6136073 B2 JPS6136073 B2 JP S6136073B2 JP 21485581 A JP21485581 A JP 21485581A JP 21485581 A JP21485581 A JP 21485581A JP S6136073 B2 JPS6136073 B2 JP S6136073B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- copper wire
- wire
- oxide film
- oxidizing
- stranded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Natural products COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical group COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は撚銅線の酸化処理方法に関するもので
ある。特に、本発明は撚銅線１本１本に酸化皮膜
を均一に形成させる方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for oxidizing stranded copper wire. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for uniformly forming an oxide film on each twisted copper wire.
近年、ケーブル導体の素線絶縁の一方法として
撚線の銅体表面に酸化皮膜を形成させる方法が提
案されている。例えば、特開昭55−164079では、
無酸素下でより線を加熱したあと、導体処理液槽
に導入することにより、酸化皮膜を形成させる方
法が記述されている。 In recent years, as a method for insulating strands of cable conductors, a method has been proposed in which an oxide film is formed on the surface of a copper body of a stranded wire. For example, in JP-A-55-164079,
A method is described in which an oxide film is formed by heating a stranded wire in an oxygen-free environment and then introducing the wire into a conductor treatment bath.
本発明は、上記撚銅線に均一に酸化皮膜を形成
させる方法に関するものであるが、あらかじめ１
本１本に酸化皮膜を形成させたあと撚る方法は、
酸化皮膜が１本１本に均一に形成されているとい
う点では問題ないが、50本あるいは100本以上を
処理したあと撚る方法は、撚線後に酸化皮膜を形
成させる方法に比較して製造設備が大型化しかつ
製造コストも高くつく。一方、撚線後に酸化皮膜
を形成させる方法は、製造設備、製造コスト共
に、前者に比較して安く、好ましい方法である
が、１本１本の酸化皮膜形成にバラツキが出やす
い欠点がある。すなわち撚線の中心部は、充分酸
化皮膜が形成されずらいという欠点を有してい
た。本発明は撚線の中心部の１本１本にまで充分
酸化皮膜を形成させ得る方法に関するもので、工
業的価値は大きいものがある。以下詳しく説明す
る。 The present invention relates to a method for uniformly forming an oxide film on the above-mentioned twisted copper wire.
The method of twisting after forming an oxide film on a single book is as follows.
There is no problem in that the oxide film is uniformly formed on each wire, but the method of twisting after treating 50 or 100 wires is more difficult to manufacture than the method of forming an oxide film after twisting. The equipment becomes larger and the manufacturing cost becomes higher. On the other hand, the method of forming an oxide film after twisting the wires is a preferable method as it requires less manufacturing equipment and manufacturing costs than the former method, but it has the disadvantage that the formation of the oxide film on each wire tends to vary. That is, the central part of the stranded wire has a drawback in that it is difficult to form a sufficient oxide film. The present invention relates to a method capable of forming a sufficient oxide film on each strand in the center of stranded wires, and has great industrial value. This will be explained in detail below.
裸銅線を撚つたあと、酸化皮膜形成用の処理液
槽に入れると処理液が撚線の間隙に入り、次第次
第に中心部へと浸透して来る。ところが、中心部
の撚線は処理液の浸透が充分でなく、部分的に酸
化皮膜の形成が不充分なる場合が多い。 After twisting bare copper wires, when they are placed in a treatment liquid tank for forming an oxide film, the treatment liquid enters the gaps between the strands and gradually penetrates into the center. However, the treatment solution often does not penetrate sufficiently into the stranded wires in the center, resulting in insufficient formation of an oxide film in some areas.
酸化皮膜の形成が不充分である場合、線間の短
絡がおきやすい。 If the oxide film is insufficiently formed, short circuits between wires are likely to occur.
例えば、素線径0.18mmφの裸銅線を105本撚つ
た撚銅線の場合、酸化処理を行なつても撚線中心
部の２線間の絶縁抵抗は50〜300Ω程度であり絶
縁破壊電圧は約０〜50V程度であるのが普通であ
る。 For example, in the case of a twisted copper wire made by twisting 105 bare copper wires with a wire diameter of 0.18 mmφ, the insulation resistance between the two wires at the center of the twisted wire is about 50 to 300 Ω even after oxidation treatment, and the dielectric breakdown voltage is normally about 0 to 50V.
従つて電力ケーブルにこれらを用いた場合、充
分な表皮効果が得られないという不具合を生じ
る。また、これらの撚線を、電磁調理器のワーク
コイルとして、使用すると高周波発生時に酸化皮
膜が不充分であるところが加熱され、場合により
銅線の溶融断線を発生するという不具合を生じ
る。 Therefore, when these are used in power cables, a problem arises in that a sufficient skin effect cannot be obtained. Furthermore, when these stranded wires are used as a work coil for an electromagnetic cooker, the areas where the oxide film is insufficient are heated when high frequencies are generated, which may cause problems such as melting and disconnection of the copper wire.
すなわち、これらの不具合点を生じさせないよ
うに、撚線１本１本に均一に酸化皮膜を形成させ
ることが必要である。本発明者等は鋭意検討の結
果この酸化皮膜形成用処理液の中に、表面張力を
低下させるアルコール類、多価アルコール類ある
いはそれらの誘導体を添加することにより撚線内
部への浸透性を改良した。その結果、従来撚線内
部において部分的に酸化皮膜形成が不充分であつ
たものがなくなり、均一に酸化皮膜が形成出来る
ようになつた。ここで表面張力をさげ、撚線への
間隙へ浸透しやすいものとしては、エタノール、
メタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、
ｎ−ブタノール、イソブタノール、アミルアルコ
ール、ペンタノール、エチレングリコール、ジエ
チレングリコール、エチレングリコールモノメチ
ルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエー
テルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノメチ
ルエーテル等を用いることが出来る。これらの有
機溶剤の添加量は、撚線を構成する素線径、撚
数、撚線間の間隙程度により変える必要がある
が、大抵の場合、処理液量に対して３〜20容量％
添加すれば充分である。 That is, it is necessary to uniformly form an oxide film on each stranded wire so as not to cause these problems. As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors improved the permeability into the inside of the stranded wire by adding alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, or derivatives thereof that lower the surface tension to this oxide film forming treatment liquid. did. As a result, the oxidized film, which had previously been insufficiently formed partially inside the stranded wire, has been eliminated, and the oxidized film can now be formed uniformly. Here, ethanol,
methanol, propanol, isopropanol,
N-butanol, isobutanol, amyl alcohol, pentanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, etc. can be used. The amount of these organic solvents added needs to be changed depending on the wire diameter, number of twists, and gap between the strands, but in most cases, it is 3 to 20% by volume based on the amount of processing liquid.
It is sufficient to add it.
添加量が少ない場合は、撚線内への浸透が充分
でなく酸化皮膜の形成にばらつきを生じる場合が
ある。一方、添加量を20％を越えて加えても著じ
るしい効果が得られないのが一般的である。 If the amount added is small, penetration into the stranded wire may not be sufficient and variations may occur in the formation of the oxide film. On the other hand, even if the amount added exceeds 20%, no significant effect is generally obtained.
酸化皮膜処理液としては、強酸化性アルカリ水
溶液を用いることが出来る。すなわち、カセイア
ルカリ、リン酸アルカリ水溶液に、酸化剤とし
て、硝酸ナトリウム、亜硝酸ナトリウム、重クロ
ム酸カリ、過マンガン酸カリ、亜塩素酸ナトリウ
ム、過酸化水素等を、単一あるいは２つ以上組合
せて加えて用いることが出来る。処理液温度は60
℃〜100℃で充分であり、浸漬時間は酸化銅皮膜
厚や撚線中心部の処理程度により変化させること
が必要である。 As the oxide film treatment liquid, a strong oxidizing alkali aqueous solution can be used. That is, a single or combination of two or more of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, sodium chlorite, hydrogen peroxide, etc. as an oxidizing agent is added to a caustic alkali or alkaline phosphate aqueous solution. It can be used in addition. Processing liquid temperature is 60
A temperature of .degree. C. to 100.degree. C. is sufficient, and it is necessary to change the immersion time depending on the thickness of the copper oxide film and the degree of treatment of the center of the stranded wire.
尚、本発明になる酸化銅皮膜を有する撚線（素
線径0.18mmφ、撚数105本）では撚線中心部の２
線間の絶縁抵抗は約1KΩ〜5KΩであり、２線間
の絶縁破壊電圧は約150〜300Vであつた。 In addition, in the stranded wire (wire diameter 0.18 mmφ, number of twists 105) having a copper oxide film according to the present invention, the 2 strands at the center of the stranded wire
The insulation resistance between the wires was approximately 1KΩ to 5KΩ, and the breakdown voltage between the two wires was approximately 150 to 300V.
以下実施例を用いて説明する。 This will be explained below using examples.
参照例 １
0.18mmφの軟銅線を105本撚りあわせた撚線
を、カセイソーダ水溶液（濃度30％）と次亜塩素
酸ソーダ水溶液（30％）の混合水溶液の入つた液
槽中（長さ2.0ｍ）を線速１ｍ／minで通すこと
により、撚線に黒色酸化皮膜を形成させた。処理
液温度は80℃とした。この撚線を湯洗いした後乾
燥しリールに巻取つた。得られた撚り線をほぐす
と、撚線中心部は酸化不充分のところが肉眼で認
められた。撚線中心部の２線間の絶縁抵抗は約
100Ω、絶縁破壊電圧は50Vであつた。Reference example 1 A strand of 105 annealed copper wires of 0.18 mmφ was placed in a liquid tank (length 2.0 m) containing a mixed aqueous solution of caustic soda aqueous solution (concentration 30%) and sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution (30%). ) at a line speed of 1 m/min to form a black oxide film on the stranded wire. The treatment liquid temperature was 80°C. The stranded wire was washed with hot water, dried, and wound onto a reel. When the obtained twisted wire was unraveled, insufficient oxidation was observed in the center of the twisted wire with the naked eye. The insulation resistance between the two wires at the center of the strand is approximately
It was 100Ω and the dielectric breakdown voltage was 50V.
実施例 １
0.18mmφの軟銅線を105本撚りあわせた撚線
を、参照例１で用いた酸化処理液槽（長さ２ｍ）
の中にエタノールを10容量％加えた中を線速１
ｍ／minで通すことにより、撚線に黒色酸化皮膜
を形成させた。処理液温度は80℃とした。この撚
線を湯洗いした後乾燥し、リールに巻取つた。Example 1 A stranded wire made by twisting 105 annealed copper wires of 0.18 mmφ was placed in the oxidation treatment bath (length 2 m) used in Reference Example 1.
The linear velocity of 10% by volume of ethanol was added to
A black oxide film was formed on the twisted wire by passing the wire through the wire at a speed of m/min. The treatment liquid temperature was 80°C. The stranded wire was washed with hot water, dried, and wound onto a reel.
得られた撚線をほぐすと、撚線中心部も酸化皮
膜が均一に形成されていた。撚線中心部の２線間
の絶縁抵抗は約2KΩ、絶縁破壊電圧は250Vであ
つた。 When the obtained twisted wire was unraveled, an oxide film was evenly formed on the center of the twisted wire. The insulation resistance between the two wires at the center of the stranded wire was approximately 2KΩ, and the breakdown voltage was 250V.
実施例 ２
0.20mmφの軟銅線を150本撚りあわせた撚線を
参照例１で用いた酸化処理液槽（長さ２ｍ）中に
プロパノール15容量％加えた中を線速１ｍ／min
で通すことにより、撚線に黒色酸化皮膜を形成さ
せた。処理液温度は80℃とした。この撚線を湯洗
いした後乾燥し、リールに巻取つた。Example 2 A strand of 150 annealed copper wires of 0.20 mmφ was placed in the same oxidation treatment bath (length 2 m) used in Reference Example 1 with 15% by volume of propanol added at a wire speed of 1 m/min.
A black oxide film was formed on the twisted wire by passing it through the wire. The treatment liquid temperature was 80°C. The stranded wire was washed with hot water, dried, and wound onto a reel.
得られた撚線をほぐすと、撚線中心部まで酸化
皮膜が均一に形成されていた。撚線中心部の２線
間の絶縁抵抗は約2KΩあり、絶縁破壊電圧は
300Vであつた。 When the obtained twisted wire was loosened, an oxide film was uniformly formed up to the center of the twisted wire. The insulation resistance between the two wires at the center of the stranded wire is approximately 2KΩ, and the breakdown voltage is
It was 300V.
実施例 ３
以下述べること以外はすべて実施例１に同じ。
処理液の撚線中への浸透性を良くする有機溶剤と
してエチレングリコールを５容量％加えた。Example 3 Everything is the same as Example 1 except for what is stated below.
Ethylene glycol was added in an amount of 5% by volume as an organic solvent to improve the permeability of the treatment liquid into the stranded wire.
結果は実施例１と同一であつた。 The results were the same as in Example 1.
実施例 ４
以下述べること以外はすべて実施例２に同じ。
処理液の撚線中への浸透性を良くする有機溶剤と
してエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルを７
容量％加えた。結果は実施例２と同一であつた。Example 4 Everything is the same as Example 2 except for what is stated below.
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is used as an organic solvent to improve the permeability of the treatment liquid into the twisted wire.
% by volume was added. The results were the same as in Example 2.
Claims (1)
銅処理するに際し強酸化性アルカリ水溶液の中に
水溶性有機溶剤を３〜20容量％添加した処理液を
用いることを特徴とする撚銅線の酸化処理法。 ２ 有機溶剤が１価以上のアルコールあるいはそ
の誘導体である特許請求の範囲第１項の撚銅線の
酸化処理法。 ３ １価アルコールがエタノール、プロパノー
ル、ブタノールである特許請求の範囲第２項の撚
銅線の酸化処理法。 ４ 多価アルコールがエチレングリコール、ジエ
チレングリコールである特許請求の範囲第２項の
撚銅線の酸化処理法。 ５ 多価アルコールの誘導体がエチレングリコー
ルモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノ
メチルエーテルアセテートである特許請求の範囲
第１項の撚銅線の酸化処理法。[Scope of Claims] 1. When blackening copper wire is treated with a strongly oxidizing alkali aqueous solution on a stranded copper wire, a treatment solution containing 3 to 20% by volume of a water-soluble organic solvent added to the strongly oxidizing alkali aqueous solution is used. An oxidation treatment method for twisted copper wire. 2. The method for oxidizing stranded copper wire according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is a monohydric or higher alcohol or a derivative thereof. 3. The method for oxidizing twisted copper wire according to claim 2, wherein the monohydric alcohol is ethanol, propanol, or butanol. 4. The method for oxidizing twisted copper wire according to claim 2, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol. 5. The method for oxidizing stranded copper wire according to claim 1, wherein the polyhydric alcohol derivative is ethylene glycol monomethyl ether or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21485581A JPS58113379A (en) | 1981-12-26 | 1981-12-26 | Oxidation treatment for stranded steel wire |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21485581A JPS58113379A (en) | 1981-12-26 | 1981-12-26 | Oxidation treatment for stranded steel wire |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58113379A JPS58113379A (en) | 1983-07-06 |
| JPS6136073B2 true JPS6136073B2 (en) | 1986-08-16 |
Family
ID=16662661
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21485581A Granted JPS58113379A (en) | 1981-12-26 | 1981-12-26 | Oxidation treatment for stranded steel wire |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58113379A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0582663U (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1993-11-09 | 東急車輛製造株式会社 | Van type car |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6220145B2 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2017-10-25 | 日本ニュークローム株式会社 | Blue color treatment method for copper metal surface |
| JP6594678B2 (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2019-10-23 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | Surface treatment agent, surface treatment method, and surface-treated metal material |
-
1981
- 1981-12-26 JP JP21485581A patent/JPS58113379A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0582663U (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1993-11-09 | 東急車輛製造株式会社 | Van type car |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58113379A (en) | 1983-07-06 |
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