JPS6131662Y2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6131662Y2 JPS6131662Y2 JP1980156425U JP15642580U JPS6131662Y2 JP S6131662 Y2 JPS6131662 Y2 JP S6131662Y2 JP 1980156425 U JP1980156425 U JP 1980156425U JP 15642580 U JP15642580 U JP 15642580U JP S6131662 Y2 JPS6131662 Y2 JP S6131662Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nonwoven fabric
- square meter
- fibers
- covering material
- void ratio
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
Landscapes
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Curtains And Furnishings For Windows Or Doors (AREA)
Description
本考案は植物栽培における保温性及び保水性の
優れた被覆材に関する。更に詳しくは、特に植物
栽培ハウスの内張り等に使用することにより、外
気温度の低い場合におけるハウス内の保温性の向
上、特に加温時における暖房用燃料消費量（以下
加温効率と称す）を節減すると同時に、優れた保
水性により水滴落下を防止することを目的とした
植物栽培用被覆材に関するものである。
近年、ハウス栽培法による早期栽培や四季栽培
が全国各地で行われるようになり、その普及には
目覚しいものがあるが、この植物栽培用ハウスの
構造は、一般にハウス内を外気から隔離するため
の外壁と、その内側に、冬期あるいは寒冷地方の
特に夜間における保温性向上のための内張り用被
覆カーテンからなる、二重カーテン方式からなつ
ており、外壁については、外気の遮断性及び作物
生育上特に重要な透光性に優れているガラスやフ
イルム類が従来より用いられている。
一方、内張り用被覆カーテンとしては、従来ポ
リ塩化ビニール、ポリエチレン、ポリ酢酸ビニー
ル等のフイルム類が多く使用されてきたが、これ
らフイルム類は保温性には優れるものの保水性が
ないために、夜間外気の温度が低下した場合、ハ
ウス内の湿気が結露現象によりフイルム表面に水
滴として付着し、これが作物上に落下し病気の発
生その他の原因ともなり問題となつていた。
これらフイルム類の欠点を解消し、強度的にも
優れた材料として、不織布が近年注目をあびるよ
うになつてきた。この不織布は、個々の繊維群に
よりシートが形成されているために、シート内に
多数の微少空気層が存在し、夜間等において外気
温度が低下しハウス内温度が露点以下となつて
も、凝縮水がこれら繊維間の微少空気層に保持さ
れ、シート内部表面に水滴となつて付着すること
がなく、フイルムの場合のような水滴落下による
病気の発生が防止されるという特徴を有してい
る。
さらに不織布はフイルム類に比較して、引裂強
力が強く、高温時においてもべたつき（ブロツキ
ング性）がなく、又ミシン等による縫製が可能で
あり補修も容易になし得るという優れた特徴を有
している。しかしながら、熱圧着部と非熱圧着部
を有する従来の不織布については、フイルム類に
比較して、無加温時における保温性は優れている
が、加温時における加温効率が劣るという欠点が
あつた。
本考案者は、このような特性を持つ不織布に着
目し、その特徴を損うことなく、内張り用被覆カ
ーテン本来の目的である保温性、特に加温効率を
向上させるために鋭意検討を重ねた結果、石油の
燃焼等によりハウス内を加温する場合の加温効率
を向上させるためには、熱伝達の三要素である伝
導、対流、輻射のうち、カーテンを通しての暖か
い空気と冷たい空気の対流を極力押えることが最
も効果があるという知見を得たのである。
即ち、ハウス内張り用被覆カーテンの保温効果
としては、内張りカーテン内の空気とカーテン外
の空気における熱又は空気の移動を遮断すること
であり、熱伝達三要素の伝導、対流、輻射のう
ち、主に伝導、対流の防止検果に基づいているこ
とになる。
本考案者は、このような特性が実際のカーテン
として使用された場合どの様な影響が得られるも
のか更に詳しく検討した結果、無加温時等の如く
ハウス内での空気対流が小さい場合は伝導防止の
効果が大きく影響し、加温時にハウス内での空気
対流が大きい場合は対流防止の効果が大きく影響
することを見出した。即ち、無加温時は不織布の
方が保温性に優れ、加温時はフイルムの方が保温
性に優れていることを見出したのである。フイル
ム類についてはシート自体に空気層を持たず通気
性が実際には全くないため、対流防止効果に優れ
ているが伝導防止効果が問題になる。不織布類に
ついてはシート自体に微少空気層を多数含むため
伝導防止効果に優れているが逆に対流防止効果が
問題になつてくる。
この不織布の欠点、即ち対流防止効果を改善す
る方法としては、熱圧着面積率を増やしフイルム
状にしたり、接着成分等により空気層を目詰する
等の手段が考えられるが、前者は不織布の特徴で
ある保水性、引裂強力及び熱伝導防止効果が低下
し、後者は熱伝導防止効果はほとんど低下しない
が、風合が硬くなつたり、引裂強力が低下した
り、更に加工コストの上昇は避けられないもので
ある。
本考案は、かゝる従来の問題点を解消した植物
栽培用被覆材である。
即ち、本考案は不織布を構成する繊維の繊度が
５デニール以下であり、繊維の単位長さ当りの空
気層体積を表わす充填空間率εが0.5mm３／ｍ以
下であり、一平方メートル当りの繊維重量が20〜
100ｇ／m2であり、かつ不織布の表面が実質的に
平滑面であることを特徴とする不織布よりなる植
物栽培用被覆材。
但し、充填空間率εは次式により求めたもので
ある。
ε＝（Ｖ−ρＷ）／ｌ
ε：充填層空間率〔mm３／ｍ〕
Ｖ：不織布１平方メートル当りの見掛体積
〔mm３／ｍ〕
ρ：繊維比容〔mm３／ｇ〕
Ｗ：不織布１平方メートル当りの重量
〔ｇ／m2〕
ｌ：不織布１平方メートルの中に含まれる繊
維全長〔ｍ／m2〕
ｌ＝（9000／ｄ）×Ｗ
ｄ：デニール
である。
本考案の不織布よりなる被覆材は表面が実質的
に平滑面である不織布であり、不織布を構成する
繊維の充填密度を高くして、不織布を構成する繊
維同志の交絡により生ずる個々の空気層体積を小
さくすることにより通気性を低下させ、無加温時
における熱伝導防止効果をまつたく損なうことな
く、対流防止効果を向上させ、加温時においても
きわめて優れた加温効率が得られる。更に、本考
案の不織布よりなる被覆材は、従来のフイルム化
された熱圧着部を持つ不織布に比較して、保水性
及び引裂強力に優れている。表面滑り性が良好で
あるため開閉操作が容易であり支柱との擦過によ
る毛羽が発生しにくく、厚みが薄いため収納性に
優れている等、作業性の上でも多くの特徴を有す
る、ハウス内張り用被覆材である。
以下本考案を更に詳細に説明する。
本考案でいう不織布は、短繊維、長繊維、ある
いは両者の混合体のいずれであつてもよいが、機
械的性質の優れている連続長繊維不織布を用いる
ことが好ましい。また不織布を構成する繊維素材
としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレートに代表さ
れるポリエステル系、ナイロン６、ナイロン66等
のポリアミド系、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン
等のポリオレフイン系、ポリビニルアルコール系
等、またはこれら素材の組合せによる、複合繊
維、混合繊維等でも可能であるが、ハウス用カー
テンに要求される長時間の耐候性から、ポリエス
テル系不織布を用いるのが最も好ましい。
本考案において、不織布中の繊維単位長さ当り
の空気層体積を表わす充填層空間率ε〔mm３／
ｍ〕とは、次式により示すものである。
ε＝（Ｖ−ρＷ）／ｌ
ε：充填層空間率〔mm３／ｍ〕
Ｖ：不織布１平方メートル当りの見掛体積
〔mm３／ｍ〕
ρ：繊維比容〔mm３／ｇ〕
Ｗ：不織布１平方メートル当りの重量
〔ｇ／m2〕
ｌ：不織布１平方メートルの中に含まれる繊
維全長〔ｍ／m2〕
ｌ＝（9000／ｄ）×Ｗ
ｄ：デニール
この充填層空間率は、不織布において良好な加
温効率を得るために最も重要な意味を持つてい
る。
即ち、種々検討の結果、加温効率を向上させる
ためには、不織布の持つ通気性を小さくすること
が最も効果的であり、更に通気性は、不織布の単
糸繊度、一平方メートル当りの繊維重量（以下目
付と称す）、及び充填層空間率の関数で表わされ
るものである。単糸繊度に関しては、単糸繊度が
大きくなるほど通気抵抗が小さくなり、加温効率
のみならず無加温時の保温性も低下する傾向にあ
り、満足すべき保温性が得られる単糸繊度は5.0
デニール以下であり、特に保温性及び加温効率を
高めるためには1.5デニール以下の繊維を用いる
ことが好ましい。目付に関しては、20ないし100
〔ｇ／m2〕、好ましくは25ないし80〔ｇ／m2〕の範
囲のものが適している。20〔ｇ／m2〕以下におい
ては機械的特性が劣るとともに、通気抵抗が小さ
くなり、保温性及び加温効率が低下する。一方、
100〔ｇ／m2〕を越えると、透光性の低下が著し
くなると共に、経済性の点で必ずしも好適とはい
えない。これらの単糸繊度及び目付において本考
案の特徴とする保温性及び加温効率を得るために
は不織布の充填層空間率を0.5mm３／ｍ以下とす
る必要があり、特に加温効率をフイルム類並に向
上させるためには、0.4mm３／ｍ以下にすること
が好ましい。
本考案において、不織布は、ランダムに集積さ
れたいわゆるウエブを所定の充填層空間率に調整
することによつて得られる。具体的には、接着剤
を付与する、あるいはニードルパンチにより繊維
を絡ませる等により繊維を接合した後、ニツプロ
ール等により所定の充填層空間率に調整する第１
の方法、熱ロール等によつてウエブを熱圧着する
と同時に、所定の充填層空間率に調整する第２の
方法、あるいはこれらの組合せ等種々の方法が考
えられるが、工業的に実施する場合には、生産
性、コスト、物性、耐久性等において、第２の方
法が好ましい。
本考案において、良好な保温性及び加温効率を
得るためには、前記の充填層空間率が0.5mm３／
ｍ以下であるとともに、不織布表面が実質的に平
滑面であることが必要である。本考案でいう実質
的に表面が平滑面である不織布とは、前記不織布
製造方法において、第１の方法においては充填層
空間率調整のためのニツプロール、第２の方法に
おいては熱圧着のロールの表面状態が、エンボス
模様を有しないか、あるいはエンボス模様を有す
る場合においても、エンボス彫刻深さが製造対象
不織布の見掛け厚みの1/5以下であるような各ロ
ールにより製造された不織布の表面状態をいう。
各ロールのエンボス彫刻深さが、不織布見掛け厚
みの1/5以上である場合においては、不織布全面
に渡つて均一な充填層空間率に調整することが不
可能となり、圧着部と非圧着部での通気抵抗に極
端な差が生じ、平均充填層空間率を所定の値に調
整しても良好な加温効率が得られなくなる。ま
た、上記において、加温効率を向上させるため
に、圧着部面積を増やして平均充填層空間率をさ
らに小さくした場合は、フイルム化された圧着部
面積が大きくなり、保水性及び引裂強力の極端な
低下をきたしてしまう。一方、実質的に表面が平
滑面である不織布においては、フイルム化された
圧着部が存在せず、不織布全体にわたり均一な微
少空気層を有するため、保温性及び加温効率に優
れているのはもちろんのこと、保水性及び引裂強
力に優れており、表面滑り性が良好であるため開
閉操作が容易であり支柱との擦過による毛羽が発
生しにくく、さらに、エンボス模様を有する不織
布に比較して見掛け厚みが薄いので収納性に優れ
ている、等多くの利点を有する。このように、実
質的に表面が平滑面である不織布は、植物栽培用
被覆材としてきわめて理想的といえる。
尚、前記不織布製造方法における第２の製造方
法において、熱圧着ロールにて製造した不織布
を、毛羽止め効果その他の目的のために、例えば
アクリル酸エステル等の樹脂により加工を施すこ
とはさらに好ましい。
さらに本考案を図面に従つて説明する。第１図
は本考案の植物栽培用被覆材の実施態様を例示す
ものであり、図中、１は植物栽培ハウスの外壁、
２は本考案による植物栽培用被覆材、３は被覆材
支持体である。
第２図はハウス内部を加温しない場合におけ
る、外気温度４と、ハウス内張りカーテンとし
て、本考案の不織布よりなる被覆材を使用したも
の５、従来の不織布を使用したもの６、及び従来
のフイルムを使用したもの７、における内張りカ
ーテン内部の温度変化を示したものである。本考
案の被覆材を内張り用カーテンとして用いた場合
には、無加温時においても従来の不織布以上の保
温性向上効果があることがわかる。
また、第１表は第１図に示す植物栽培ハウスに
おいて、ハウス内張りカーテンとして、充填層空
間率が0.32mm３／ｍで実質的に表面が平滑面であ
る目付50ｇ／m2の本考案による被覆材と充填層空
間率が0.58mm３／ｍで熱圧着面積率が20％である
目付50ｇ／m2の従来の不織布、および厚みが0.05
The present invention relates to a covering material with excellent heat and water retention properties for plant cultivation. More specifically, by using it for the lining of plant cultivation greenhouses, it improves the heat retention inside the greenhouse when the outside temperature is low, and particularly reduces heating fuel consumption during heating (hereinafter referred to as heating efficiency). The present invention relates to a covering material for growing plants that aims to save water and at the same time prevent water droplets from falling due to its excellent water retention properties. In recent years, early cultivation and four-season cultivation using greenhouse cultivation methods have become popular all over the country, and their spread is remarkable. It consists of a double curtain system consisting of an outer wall and an inner covered curtain on the inside to improve heat retention in winter or at night in cold regions. Glass and films that have excellent translucency have traditionally been used. On the other hand, films such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polyvinyl acetate have traditionally been used as lining curtains, but although these films have excellent heat retention properties, they do not have water retention properties, so When the temperature of the greenhouse drops, the moisture inside the greenhouse will form water droplets on the film surface due to condensation, which will fall onto the crops and cause diseases and other problems, causing problems. In recent years, nonwoven fabrics have been attracting attention as a material that overcomes the drawbacks of these films and has excellent strength. Because this nonwoven fabric is formed into a sheet by individual fiber groups, there are many microscopic air layers within the sheet, and even when the outside temperature drops at night and the temperature inside the greenhouse falls below the dew point, condensation does not occur. Water is retained in the microscopic air spaces between these fibers and does not adhere to the inner surface of the sheet as water droplets, which prevents the occurrence of diseases caused by falling water droplets as in the case of film. . Furthermore, compared to films, nonwoven fabrics have excellent tear strength, are not sticky (blocking) even at high temperatures, can be sewn with a sewing machine, and can be easily repaired. There is. However, conventional nonwoven fabrics that have thermocompression bonded parts and non-thermocompression bonded areas have superior heat retention properties when not heated, but have the disadvantage of being inferior in heating efficiency when heated, compared to films. It was hot. The inventor of this invention focused on nonwoven fabrics with these characteristics, and conducted extensive research to improve heat retention, especially heating efficiency, which is the original purpose of covered curtains for lining, without impairing its characteristics. As a result, in order to improve the heating efficiency when heating the inside of a greenhouse by burning oil, etc., one of the three elements of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation, requires the convection of warm and cold air through the curtains. We have learned that the most effective way to suppress this is to suppress it as much as possible. In other words, the heat retention effect of coated curtains for house lining is to block the movement of heat or air between the air inside the lining curtain and the air outside the curtain, and among the three elements of heat transfer, conduction, convection, and radiation, the main It is based on the prevention of conduction and convection. The inventor of the present invention investigated in more detail what kind of effect such characteristics would have when used as an actual curtain, and found that when the air convection inside the house is small, such as when there is no heating, We have found that the effect of preventing conduction has a large effect, and that when the air convection inside the house is large during heating, the effect of preventing convection has a large effect. In other words, they found that nonwoven fabrics have better heat retention properties when not heated, and films have better heat retention properties when heated. As for films, the sheet itself does not have an air layer and has no air permeability at all, so it has an excellent effect of preventing convection, but the effect of preventing conduction becomes a problem. Nonwoven fabrics have excellent conduction-preventing effects because the sheet itself contains many microscopic air layers, but convection-preventing effects become a problem. Possible ways to improve this drawback of non-woven fabrics, namely the convection prevention effect, include increasing the heat-compression bonding area ratio and making it into a film, or clogging the air layer with an adhesive component, etc., but the former is a characteristic of non-woven fabrics. The latter's water retention, tear strength, and heat conduction prevention effect are reduced, and although the heat conduction prevention effect is hardly reduced, the texture becomes hard, tear strength decreases, and processing costs increase. It's something that doesn't exist. The present invention is a covering material for plant cultivation that solves these conventional problems. That is, in the present invention, the fineness of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric is 5 deniers or less, the filling space ratio ε representing the air layer volume per unit length of the fibers is 0.5 mm 3 /m or less, and the fiber per square meter is Weight is 20~
100 g/m 2 , and a covering material for plant cultivation made of a nonwoven fabric, characterized in that the surface of the nonwoven fabric is substantially smooth. However, the filling space ratio ε was determined by the following formula. ε=(V-ρW)/l ε: Filled layer void ratio [mm 3 /m] V: Apparent volume per square meter of nonwoven fabric
[mm 3 /m] ρ: Fiber specific volume [mm 3 /g] W: Weight per square meter of nonwoven fabric
[g/m 2 ] l: Total length of fibers contained in 1 square meter of nonwoven fabric [m/m 2 ] l=(9000/d)×W d: Denier. The covering material made of a nonwoven fabric of the present invention is a nonwoven fabric with a substantially smooth surface, and the packing density of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric is high, and the volume of each air layer is created by the entanglement of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric. By reducing the temperature, the air permeability is reduced, the convection prevention effect is improved without significantly impairing the heat conduction prevention effect when not heated, and extremely excellent heating efficiency can be obtained even when heated. Furthermore, the covering material made of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention has superior water retention and tear strength compared to conventional film-formed nonwoven fabrics having thermocompression bonded parts. This house lining has many features in terms of workability, such as its smooth surface, which makes it easy to open and close, prevents fuzz from forming due to friction with the pillars, and its thin thickness, which makes it easy to store. It is a covering material for The present invention will be explained in more detail below. The nonwoven fabric referred to in the present invention may be short fibers, long fibers, or a mixture of both, but it is preferable to use a continuous long fiber nonwoven fabric that has excellent mechanical properties. In addition, the fiber materials constituting the non-woven fabric include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides such as nylon 6 and nylon 66, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohols, etc., or composites made from a combination of these materials. Although it is possible to use fibers, mixed fibers, etc., it is most preferable to use a polyester nonwoven fabric because of the long-term weather resistance required for house curtains. In the present invention, the packed layer void ratio ε [mm 3 /
m] is expressed by the following formula. ε=(V-ρW)/l ε: Filled layer void ratio [mm 3 /m] V: Apparent volume per square meter of nonwoven fabric
[mm 3 /m] ρ: Fiber specific volume [mm 3 /g] W: Weight per square meter of nonwoven fabric
[g/m 2 ] l: Total length of fibers contained in 1 square meter of nonwoven fabric [m/m 2 ] l = (9000/d) x W d: denier This packed bed void ratio indicates good heating efficiency in nonwoven fabric. It has the most important meaning to obtain. In other words, as a result of various studies, we found that the most effective way to improve heating efficiency is to reduce the air permeability of nonwoven fabrics. (hereinafter referred to as basis weight), and a function of the void ratio of the packed bed. Regarding the single yarn fineness, as the single yarn fineness increases, the ventilation resistance decreases, and not only the heating efficiency but also the heat retention when not heated tends to decrease.The single yarn fineness that provides satisfactory heat retention is 5.0
It is preferable to use fibers of 1.5 denier or less, especially in order to improve heat retention and heating efficiency. Regarding basis weight, 20 to 100
[g/m 2 ], preferably in the range of 25 to 80 [g/m 2 ]. Below 20 [g/m 2 ], mechanical properties are poor, ventilation resistance is small, and heat retention and heating efficiency are reduced. on the other hand,
If it exceeds 100 [g/m 2 ], the light transmittance will be significantly reduced and it may not necessarily be said to be suitable from the economic point of view. In order to obtain the heat retention and heating efficiency that are the characteristics of the present invention at these single yarn finenesses and basis weights, it is necessary to set the void ratio of the filled layer of the nonwoven fabric to 0.5 mm 3 /m or less, and in particular, the heating efficiency is lower than that of the film. In order to achieve a similar improvement, it is preferable to set it to 0.4 mm 3 /m or less. In the present invention, the nonwoven fabric is obtained by adjusting a randomly accumulated so-called web to a predetermined filling layer void ratio. Specifically, after joining the fibers by applying an adhesive or entangling the fibers with a needle punch, the first step is to adjust the void ratio to a predetermined filled layer using a nip roll or the like.
There are various methods that can be considered, such as the method described above, a second method in which the web is thermocompression bonded using a hot roll, etc. and at the same time adjusting the space ratio to a predetermined packed bed space ratio, or a combination of these methods. The second method is preferable in terms of productivity, cost, physical properties, durability, etc. In the present invention, in order to obtain good heat retention and heating efficiency, the above-mentioned packed bed void ratio should be 0.5 mm 3 /
m or less, and the surface of the nonwoven fabric must be substantially smooth. In the present invention, a nonwoven fabric having a substantially smooth surface refers to a nip roll for adjusting the void ratio of a filled layer in the first method and a thermocompression roll in the second method in the nonwoven fabric manufacturing method. The surface condition of the nonwoven fabric produced by each roll is such that the surface condition does not have an embossed pattern, or even if it has an embossed pattern, the emboss engraving depth is 1/5 or less of the apparent thickness of the nonwoven fabric to be manufactured. means.
If the emboss engraving depth of each roll is 1/5 or more of the apparent thickness of the nonwoven fabric, it will be impossible to adjust the void ratio of the filled layer to be uniform over the entire surface of the nonwoven fabric, and the crimped and non-crimped areas will An extreme difference occurs in the ventilation resistance, and even if the average packed bed void ratio is adjusted to a predetermined value, good heating efficiency cannot be obtained. In addition, in the above case, in order to improve heating efficiency, if the area of the crimped part is increased and the average packed bed void ratio is further reduced, the area of the crimped part formed into a film will increase, resulting in extreme water retention and tear strength. This results in a significant decline. On the other hand, non-woven fabrics with substantially smooth surfaces do not have film-shaped crimped parts and have uniform micro air layers throughout the non-woven fabric, so they have excellent heat retention and heating efficiency. Of course, it has excellent water retention and tear strength, and has good surface slip properties, making it easy to open and close, and is less prone to fuzzing due to friction with pillars. It has many advantages, such as its thin apparent thickness, which makes it easy to store. As described above, a nonwoven fabric having a substantially smooth surface can be said to be extremely ideal as a covering material for plant cultivation. In addition, in the second manufacturing method of the nonwoven fabric manufacturing method, it is more preferable that the nonwoven fabric manufactured with a thermocompression roll is processed with a resin such as acrylic ester for the purpose of preventing fuzzing or other purposes. Further, the present invention will be explained according to the drawings. FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the covering material for plant cultivation of the present invention, and in the figure, 1 indicates the outer wall of the plant cultivation house;
2 is a covering material for plant cultivation according to the present invention, and 3 is a supporting material for the covering material. Figure 2 shows the outside air temperature 4 when the inside of the house is not heated, the house lining curtain using the covering material made of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention 5, the conventional nonwoven fabric 6, and the conventional film. This figure shows the temperature change inside the lining curtain in No. 7 using the lining curtain. It can be seen that when the covering material of the present invention is used as an lining curtain, it has an effect of improving heat retention more than conventional nonwoven fabrics even when not heated. In addition, Table 1 shows that in the plant cultivation house shown in Figure 1, the curtain according to the present invention, which has a filling layer void ratio of 0.32 mm 3 /m and a substantially smooth surface and has a basis weight of 50 g/m 2 , is used as a house lining curtain. Covering material and filling layer A conventional nonwoven fabric with a porosity of 0.58 mm 3 /m, a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 20%, a basis weight of 50 g/m 2 , and a thickness of 0.05.
【表】
第１表から、本考案の被覆材を内張り用カーテ
ンとして用いた場合には、ほぼ従来フイルム並の
灯油消費量となり、従来不織布に比較して加温効
率が大幅に改善されていることがわかる。
以上の説明からわかるように、従来の不織布に
比較して、本考案による不織布は植物栽培用被覆
材として、加温効率が非常に優れており暖房費の
節減が計れるとともに、無加温時における保温性
についても優れた性能を有する。さらに、保水
性、引裂強力についても従来の不織布より優れて
おり、表面滑り性が良好であるため開閉操作が容
易であり支柱とのこすれによる毛羽が発生しにく
い、収納性に優れている等の作業性の上でも多く
の改善がなされており、植物栽培用被覆材として
は理想的といえる。[Table] From Table 1, when the coating material of the present invention is used as an inner curtain, the kerosene consumption is almost the same as that of conventional films, and the heating efficiency is significantly improved compared to conventional nonwoven fabrics. I understand that. As can be seen from the above explanation, compared to conventional nonwoven fabrics, the nonwoven fabric of the present invention has extremely superior heating efficiency as a covering material for plant cultivation, reducing heating costs, and It also has excellent heat retention properties. Furthermore, it has better water retention and tear strength than conventional non-woven fabrics, and has good surface slip properties, making it easy to open and close, prevents fuzz from rubbing against the support, and is easy to store. Many improvements have been made in terms of properties, making it ideal as a covering material for plant cultivation.
第１図は本考案の植物栽培用被覆材の実施態様
を例示すものである。第２図はハウス内部を加温
しない場合において、各種植物栽培用被覆材を使
用した時の、ハウス内張りカーテン内部の温度変
化を示す。
FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the plant cultivation covering material of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows temperature changes inside the house lining curtain when various plant cultivation covering materials are used without heating the inside of the house.
Claims (1)
であり、繊維の単位長さ当りの空気層体積を表わ
す充填空間率εが0.5mm３／ｍ以下であり、一平
方メートル当りの繊維重量が20〜100ｇ／m2であ
り、かつ不織布の表面が実質的に平滑面であるこ
とを特徴とする不織布よりなる植物栽培用被覆
材。 但し、充填空間率εは次式により求めたもので
ある。 ε＝（Ｖ−ρＷ）／ｌ ε：充填層空間率〔mm３／ｍ〕 Ｖ：不織布１平方メートル当りの見掛体積
〔mm３／ｍ〕 ρ：繊維比容〔mm３／ｇ〕 Ｗ：不織布１平方メートル当りの重量
〔ｇ／m2〕 ｌ：不織布１平方メートルの中に含まれる繊維
全長〔ｍ／m2〕 ｌ＝（9000／ｄ）×Ｗ ｄ：デニール[Claims for Utility Model Registration] The fineness of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric is 5 deniers or less, the filling void ratio ε representing the air layer volume per unit length of the fibers is 0.5 mm 3 /m or less, and the area of 1 square meter is A covering material for plant cultivation made of a nonwoven fabric, characterized in that the fiber weight per unit is 20 to 100 g/m 2 and the surface of the nonwoven fabric is substantially smooth. However, the filling space ratio ε was determined by the following formula. ε=(V-ρW)/l ε: Filled layer void ratio [mm 3 /m] V: Apparent volume per square meter of nonwoven fabric
[mm 3 /m] ρ: Fiber specific volume [mm 3 /g] W: Weight per square meter of nonwoven fabric
[g/m 2 ] l: Total length of fibers contained in 1 square meter of nonwoven fabric [m/m 2 ] l = (9000/d) x W d: Denier
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1980156425U JPS6131662Y2 (en) | 1980-11-04 | 1980-11-04 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1980156425U JPS6131662Y2 (en) | 1980-11-04 | 1980-11-04 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5780247U JPS5780247U (en) | 1982-05-18 |
| JPS6131662Y2 true JPS6131662Y2 (en) | 1986-09-13 |
Family
ID=29515585
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1980156425U Expired JPS6131662Y2 (en) | 1980-11-04 | 1980-11-04 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6131662Y2 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4723161U (en) * | 1971-04-07 | 1972-11-15 | ||
| JPS4828386A (en) * | 1971-08-16 | 1973-04-14 | ||
| JPS5320350B2 (en) * | 1973-04-23 | 1978-06-26 | ||
| JPS5653646U (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1981-05-11 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4719358U (en) * | 1971-01-08 | 1972-11-04 | ||
| JPS5822528Y2 (en) * | 1976-07-29 | 1983-05-13 | ユニチカ株式会社 | Inner thermal curtain |
-
1980
- 1980-11-04 JP JP1980156425U patent/JPS6131662Y2/ja not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4723161U (en) * | 1971-04-07 | 1972-11-15 | ||
| JPS4828386A (en) * | 1971-08-16 | 1973-04-14 | ||
| JPS5320350B2 (en) * | 1973-04-23 | 1978-06-26 | ||
| JPS5653646U (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1981-05-11 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5780247U (en) | 1982-05-18 |
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