JPS6131188A - Optical motor decorative toy - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object] Industrial Application Field This invention relates to a decorative toy having an impeller, a decorative impeller, or an arbitrary decorative rotating body that rotates in the atmosphere using light energy.

Conventional technology A device that directly converts light energy into mechanical rotational energy by irradiating an impeller with light is as follows:
There is a device called a radiometer invented by John Crooke in 1873 (for example, Masaichi Majima, Takashi Isobe [Measurement Theory J (1983, 3) University of Tokyo Press, p. 198)
. As shown in Fig. 19, this is a transparent high-vacuum bulb with a vertical shaft type impeller placed inside it.

Each blade is a thin flat plate, and the plate surface is G in the vertical plane. Then, one side of the feather is coated with black soot, and the other side is coated with a white or shiny reflective surface. When light hits the feather, the temperature of the black side rises compared to the other side, and the molecules that hit the black side are warmed and their momentum increases.

This increase in momentum causes the molecules to collide with and repel the blades, creating pressure on the blades and causing the impeller to rotate in such a way that the black surface is pushed. Radiometers are currently used as decorative toys.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention The above-mentioned radiometer has the disadvantage that only an extremely light impeller rotates and the rotational power obtained is small. Also, since rotational energy is generated inside the vacuum sphere, extracting that energy from the outside without breaking the vacuum requires extra mechanisms and energy loss. In addition, in order for the impeller to continue rotating, it is necessary to maintain a high vacuum inside the bulb, which has the disadvantage that it will not rotate if it is at atmospheric pressure. Since the mean free path of gas molecules in vacuum must be comparable to the size of a sphere, it is difficult to make a large impeller (for example, several meters in size).

Radiometer blades cannot be made of materials that degrade the degree of vacuum, so there are natural limitations regarding the materials that can be used. Therefore, when making decorative feathers, such restrictions cannot be avoided. Another constraint on making decorative impellers is that they cannot rotate unless the light absorption on one side of the blade is increased and the light absorption on the other side is decreased. What is more troublesome is that an impeller must be installed inside the vacuum.

The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional ones. It can operate in the atmosphere, has a large rotational power, can be rotated not only by natural sunlight from the outside, but also by artificial light, and uses an impeller and The light source can be located at any position relative to the rotating body, and impellers, decorative impellers, or decorative impellers that generate mechanical rotation directly by light energy have made it possible to create large impellers with a diameter of several meters. An object of the present invention is to provide a decorative toy having a decorative rotating body of arbitrary shape.

〔composition〕

Means for Solving the Problems FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the present invention, and a second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
The figure is an exploded perspective view. FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 1. Several reflection straightening plates 1 are arranged in a spiral shape. In the figure, eight spiral-shaped reflective rectifying plates are shown, but the number is not limited to eight.

The impeller 2 is located at the center of the vortex of this spiral reflection straightening plate, and the bottom plate 4
The pot is rotatably supported on a rotating shaft 5 which is perpendicular to the center of the pot. The cylinder 3, which is open at both ends, is attached above the reflective rectifier plate as shown in FIG. In Figs. 1 to 3, the diameter of the cylinder 3 is illustrated as being slightly larger than the diameter of the impeller 2, but it is not limited to this size, and may be larger (for example, the diameter of the cylinder 3 is the same as that of the bottom plate 4). That's great. In that case, the upper part of the reflective rectifying plate 1 is covered with a three-circular plate.

By using the above method, the impeller receives light energy and rotates powerfully in the atmosphere with much more power than before.

Instead of using this spiral-shaped reflective rectifying plate 1, the 11th
A method of using a reflective rectifying plate 8 attached to extend radially from the center of the bottom plate 4 as shown in the figure is also a means to sufficiently solve the above-mentioned problem.

In this case, a tube 3 is provided along the outer periphery of the bottom plate, and the impeller or rotating body is vertically supported in the tube.

Alternatively, it is also a good method to use both the spiral-shaped reflective rectifier plate 1 and the radial-shaped reflective rectifier plate 8, and an example of the combined method is shown in FIG. In the case of the combination method, the cylinder will rotate with or without the cylinder, but the rotational power will be greater if it is present.

Action! First, take out the impeller 2 from the device shown in Fig. 1, and place it rotatably around a vertical axis. The effect in this case will be described first.

When this naked impeller was irradiated with light, it was found that the impeller rotated in the atmosphere, albeit relatively weakly.

Now, if the angle of inclination of the blade with respect to the horizontal plane is θ as shown in FIG. 4, the angular velocity of the impeller is 5rI! It becomes as shown in the curve (, -) of J, and depends on θ.

The θ dependence of torque and shaft output (=torque x angular velocity) is shown in the curve (α) in FIG. 6 and the curve (d) in FIG. 7, respectively. At angles of θ-90' and the vicinity thereof, no rotation occurs, and only a slight left-right deflection occurs. Since the radiometric impeller is made to have an angle of θ-90°, if the impeller is placed in the atmosphere, it will only slightly touch left and right and will not rotate. Well then,
If you tilt the radiometer blade (Fig. 19), it will rotate in the atmosphere, but it will only vibrate from side to side, which is almost useless. Figure 2, Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17
If the blades are both tilted and held as shown in the figure, rotation will be difficult unless the blades are lengthened and the number of blades is increased.

The curve (α) in Figure 5, the curve (cL) in Figure 6, and the curve (tZ) in Figure 7. As shown, the maximum angular velocity, torque, and Axial output can be obtained. In this case, the light reflectance of one side of the blade may be increased and the light absorption rate of the other side may be increased, or both surfaces may be in the same state. θ〈90°
In this case, the rotation is clockwise, and when θ>9o°, the rotation is counterclockwise. Therefore, the impeller shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 rotates clockwise.

The mean free path of gas molecules in a vacuum depends on the degree of vacuum, but in the case of an actual radiometer, it is approximately several 1. In comparison to this, the mean free path in the atmosphere is about 10-4 days.

Therefore, when irradiated with light, a creeping layer consisting of molecules with large momentum is generated within a distance of about 10 cm from the surface of the blade. It is thought that when the inclination angle 0 of the blade is not 90°, a pressure difference occurs on both sides of the blade, causing rotational movement.

The torque and shaft output of this rotation are shown by the curve (α) in Figure 6 and the curve (cL) in Figure 7.
It was experimentally found that the maximum value is reached near '' and 1506. Hereinafter, I- is a bare impeller, and as it is, the rotational torque and shaft output are small.

Next, when we experimented with an impeller with the structure shown in Figure 1, we found that the angular velocity of rotation, torque, and shaft output were
rl! Curve (b) of J, curve (b) of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7
As shown in the curve Cb in the figure, the curve becomes significantly larger than that of a bare impeller. The reflective rectifier plate 1 in the present invention is arranged in a spiral shape, so it has the function of concentrating light coming from the surroundings and irradiating the blades.Furthermore, the bottom plate 4 reflects light from above and diagonally above. It has the effect of applying it to the impeller.

Of course, there are also rays of light that hit the blades directly. The heat energy generated in the blades by light irradiation becomes thermal energy of gas molecules and becomes an updraft. The cylinder 3 has the function of helping the airflow rise, and the airflow that is sucked in from each gap of the spiral reflection straightening plate along with this rising airflow is rectified in the form of a vortex, enters the inside, and hits one side of the blade, so that the airflow Encourage the car to rotate.

According to this method, as shown in the curve (b) of FIG. 5, the curve Cb) of FIG. 6, and the curve (b) G of FIG.
At and around θ-90'', the angular velocity, torque, and shaft output do not become O, but show considerably large values, and rotational motion occurs for any θ.

Experiments show that rotation occurs regardless of the shape of the impeller. In the most extreme example, a cylindrical or disk-shaped object with no blades can rotate if supported on its axis. Animal shapes, dolls, plant shapes, etc. can also rotate if they are supported on their axis. However, the rotation torque and shaft output of an impeller having blades inclined at 30° to 60° in θ are far greater.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a second embodiment of the present invention, showing that a curved plate having the shape shown in FIG. 8 is used as the reflection rectifying plate 1 instead of the flat plate shown in FIG. 3. ing. This reflective rectifier plate also has the same effect as a flat plate. It is also possible to use a bent plate instead of the curved plate shown here, or to use other modifications.

FIG. 9 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, which uses a tube in which one side of the tube is constricted. By doing this, the upward airflow will become stronger. Therefore, the length of the cylinder can be shortened by that much.

FIG. 10 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which has a structure in which an inner cylinder 6 is provided inside an outer cylinder 7. When this happens, the upward air flow becomes stronger. Therefore, the length of the cylinder can be shortened by that much.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the bottom plate, etc. of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Since the reflective rectifier plate 8 is mounted on the bottom plate 4 at an angle and radially from the center, the airflow from below rises in a spiral shape, which has the effect of promoting the rotation of the blades. The radially arranged reflective rectifying plates 8 and the spiral reflective rectifying plate 1 shown in FIG. 1 may be used together at the same time, or only one of them may be used. That is, even without the spiral reflection rectification plate 1, if a structure in which the three shafts 3 are mounted on the radial reflection rectification plate 8 is used, the rotation of the impeller and the rotating body will occur within the tube. FIG. 11 shows a method of placing two reflecting plates 10 under the support 9 that supports the bottom plate 4. This reflecting plate functions to collect light from the impeller.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, in which the reflector 1
1.12, the structure allows light rays coming from above and diagonally to be reflected and concentrated on the impeller. The reflection plate 11 is a spiral reflection straightening plate 1
The reflecting plate 12 is provided in the gap, and the reflecting plate 12 is provided along the outer periphery of the bottom plate 4. In this case, the bottom plate 4 and the reflecting plate 12 may be integrated into a concave mirror shape. Known light concentration methods (for example, Japan Solar Energy Society "Solar Energy Reader" (Showa 52.5) Ohmsha, I) 21
0) can be used in combination to condense the light, further improving the axial output. Note that FIG. 12 shows a structure in which both the spiral reflection rectifier plate 1 and the radial reflection rectifier plate 8 are used. In this case, the impeller rotates even without the cylinder 3, but the rotational power is greater if it is present.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the seventh embodiment of the present invention, in which one or more small lamps, lighting lamps, and other artificial light sources 14 to 18 are further arranged to increase the decorative beauty. At the same time, for the purpose of increasing rotational torque and power,
It is attached to the inside or outside of this device. The light source can be anywhere.

When observing the movement of the impeller or the decorative rotating body from the outside, the light source 15 inside the transparent tube 3 does not illuminate the surface of the tube 3, making it very easy to see. In the case of light sources 17 and 18, there is an advantage that the hot air current generated from the light source can also be used in rotation. When using the light source 18, it is preferable to make the bottom plate 4 and the reflective rectifier plate 8 transparent.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

This has a shape in which a spiral reflection straightening plate is provided on a cylinder. Even if this happens, the impeller inside the cylinder will still rotate due to the same effect as described above. In the case of Fig. 14, one transparent plate (after making several reflection rectifier plate-like incisions,
It is suitable for a simple manufacturing method because it can be made by rolling a plate into a cylindrical shape and joining both ends of the transparent plate at one place. However, if it continues as it is, the reflection rectification effect will be weak, so it is inevitable that the rotational torque and shaft output will become small. Therefore, depending on the required magnitude of the shaft output, a reflective rectifier plate can be added and extended outward. Or radial reflection rectifier plate 8
You may also use a bottom plate with

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a ninth embodiment of the present invention. This showed that any large impeller is possible for the child's back height. Of course, larger sizes are also possible. By making everything other than the blades 20 and rotating shaft 5 transparent in the figure, it is easier to observe the internal rotation. The blade 20 is a conical trapezoid that is spirally wound around a transparent vibrator. Decorations (dolls, etc.) can be attached anywhere on the impeller.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a tenth embodiment of the present invention. It shows how to rotate decorations of arbitrary shapes such as animal shapes, house shapes, plant shapes, doll shapes, etc. If you attach some feathers to the bottom of the decoration as shown in the picture, it will rotate more easily. It is better to maximize rotational torque and power by giving the blades an angle of inclination that matches the direction of rotation. Also, these blades are transparent (if you rub them, you can make only the decorations stand out and make the blades less noticeable. Of course, even without the blades, it will rotate, but the rotational torque and power will be weaker.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the eleventh embodiment of the present invention. Feather 1
If you make a blade with the shape shown in the diagram, it will rotate very well. In this case, the blade inclination angle θ is a combination of various inclination angles 0. Figure 18 shows longitudinal cross-sectional views of blades of various shapes, and the blade in Figure 16 corresponds to Figure 18(a).The vertical cross-section of the blade in Figure 17 corresponds to (C ) (but not exactly the same). Various shapes of blades other than (a,) to (f) shown in Fig. It rotates well.

Next, to discuss the influence of wind, in Figure 12, the reflector 1
1.12.13 and the bottom plate 4 have the function of guiding the wind coming from above or diagonally upward into the reflection rectifying plate 1 and hitting the impeller as a spiral wind. Since the wind direction generally has a horizontal component, the current is rectified in a spiral or spiral form through the gap between the reflective rectifier plates 1.8, which acts to further assist the rotation of the impeller. Therefore, the optical motor decorative toy of the present invention can use not only light energy but also wind energy.

In the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal cross sections of the cylinders are all circular, but other shapes may be used as long as they are cylinders. Although it will rotate without the cylinder, the torque and shaft output will be greater if there is one. However, if only the configuration of the radial reflection rectifying plate shown in FIG. 11 is used, a tube is always required on the bottom plate.

The impeller or rotating body may be provided at the center of the vortex of light or airflow caused by the reflective rectifying plate 1 or 8, or may be provided in a cage further above it. However, it is unavoidable that the rotational torque and shaft output become small in the upper cylinder.

A radiometer is a type of heat engine in which the blades serve as a high heat source and the glass bulb serves as a low heat source, but even the glass bulb, which is a low heat source, suffers from a drop in efficiency due to the considerable temperature rise due to radiation. However, in the optical motor decorative toy of the present invention, the low heat source is the opening of the reflective rectifier plate, which is directly behind the free space, and the structure allows easy air flow, so there is no such concern. .

When the radiation is gradually weakened, the radio make stops first, but the optical motor decorative toy of the present invention continues to rotate. That is, the optical motor decorative toy has a lower threshold of light radiation intensity for rotation.

〔effect〕

Effects of the Invention The optical motor decorative toy according to the present invention, which directly converts light energy into mechanical energy in the atmosphere, has the following effects (1) to (10).

(1) Since it operates in the atmosphere, there is no need for the extra mechanism of extracting mechanical energy from the vacuum and energy loss at that time, and there is no need for the production and handling of impellers, decorative impellers, and decorative rotating bodies. It also becomes easier.

(2) Compared to conventional radiometers, the optical motor decorative toy of the present invention has a lower threshold value for the light radiation intensity at which rotation occurs, that is, it rotates more easily.

(3) By using the structure of the present invention, a large installation (for example, several meters) is possible. The larger the device, the greater the torque and shaft output, so it is possible to create a device with significantly greater torque and shaft output than conventional devices. Therefore, a toy with a great performance effect can be created.

(4) If you are indoors in a bright place near a window, the rotation will be sufficient due to natural radiation. In addition, for artificial light, commonly used desk lamps (40W) and fluorescent lamp stands (
15W), it has the effect of rotating sufficiently even when placed near it.

(5) Since the rotating body is not limited to an impeller and may be of any shape, there is an effect that decorations in the shapes of animals, flowers, dolls, etc. can be made.

(6) There is an effect that the blade can be made by increasing the light absorption on one side of the blade without reducing the light absorption on the other side.

(7) The light source can be placed anywhere on the blades or rotating bodies, so there is an effect that light can be produced using transmitted light or reflected light.

(8) By adjusting the degree of opening of the opening, the rotational speed, torque, and shaft output can be adjusted.

(9) Since wind also contributes to rotation, wind energy can also be used in combination.

(10) It has the effect of being an educational toy as a unique type of heat engine that directly causes mechanical rotational motion at a relatively low temperature.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a plan view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a horizontal view of the impeller blades. Figure 5 shows the angle of inclination θ, Figure 5 shows the θ dependence of angular velocity (experimental data), Figure 6 shows the θ dependence of torque (experimental data), and Figure 7 shows the shaft output (= torque). Fig. 8 is a plan view of the second embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the cylinder of the third embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the θ dependence of angular velocity) (experimental data). Invention No. 4
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the bottom plate etc. of the fifth embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the sixth embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 13 is an explanatory diagram of the seventh embodiment of the present invention, Figure 14 is a perspective view of the eighth embodiment of the present invention, and No. 15rXJ is the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the 10th embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 17 is a perspective view of the 11th embodiment of the present invention, and Figs. 18 (α) to (f) are the perspective views of the blades. Longitudinal sectional view, No. 19
The figure shows a conventionally known radiometer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Either or both of the spiral-shaped reflective rectifier plate 1 and the radial-shaped reflective rectifier plate 8 are fixed to the bottom plate 4, and when light or airflow is rotated by these reflective rectifier plates, the center or center of rotation is fixed. An impeller, a decorative impeller, or an arbitrary decorative rotating body is pivotally supported near the upper part, and when using both reflective rectifying plates 1 and 8 or only 1, the tube 3 may or may not be provided at the upper part. , and a reflective rectifier plate 8
A decorative toy that has a tube 3 at the top when using a chisel and has a device that converts light energy into mechanical rotational movement.