JPS61292140A - Method and apparatus for manufacturing photosensitive material - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the highly uniform coating of one or more layers at once on a moving web, suitable for the production of silver salt or non-silver salt photosensitive materials. It is something. It is also suitable for the production of other materials requiring single or multiple layers, such as double-coated non-carbon paper.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the photographic industry, there are black and white and color films or photographic papers. All of these products require coating techniques,
This technique must enable the continuous and highly uniform application of various liquid components to paper, film or cloth. Some products require only one layer, while others require two, three, four, or more layers.

For example, a negative color film requires 12 or 16 layers. According to the requirements of various products,
The minimum thickness of the wet coating layer is 0.010 mm and the maximum thickness is 0.200 mm. The width of the covering wear is 1
,0OOs, the standard deviation of the degree of heterogeneity is 11
%, the more accurate the coating technique is.

In the old dip coating method, the thickness of the wet coating layer h1
When the viscosity of the liquid is η, the surface tension of the liquid is σ, the coating speed is U, and the radius of curvature is R, the following equation holds true.

σ This is Priagin, B, T, And, Levi, Varnish, M, Film,]-Ting, Theory (DERYA
GIN B, T, AND LEVI S, H,, FI
L) I COATING THEORY) Published by FOCAL PRESS, London, page 47.

The speed of this coating method is usually adjusted between 4 and 18 meters per minute;
The thickness of the wet coating layer is between 0.120 and 0.260 mm. However, this coating method allows only one layer to be coated at a time, and it is cumbersome to control the exact coating thickness.

Therefore, this method has drawbacks such as thicker layers, lower speed and dripping of coating liquid than single-coating, and is not successful in producing color films and printing papers.

T, Knee, Russell (T, A, Ru5sell)
developed a bead coating method. This is US Patent No. 2.7
No. 61.419 and US Pat. No. 2.761.791. In these so-called bead coating, slide hopper or cascade coating devices, the liquid composition is precisely fed through a distribution chamber and a delivery gap by means of a metering pump. The coating liquid is then allowed to overflow onto the inclined surface of the slide popper and bead coated onto the web moving at high speed. This heat is suspended between the lip of the slide hopper and the moving web. When a plurality of coating liquid compositions flow statically, no mixing phenomenon occurs between each two layers. This bead coating method allows at least one layer to be coated at the same time, resulting in thinner wet coating layers. The speed of this coating method is typically 40-150 m/min.
m, wet coating thickness is 0.090-0.160
m. This bead coating method uses multiple coatings, thinner layers,
It has remarkable advantages such as fast coating speed and precisely controlled coating thickness. It has also been widely used to mass produce high quality color film and photographic paper.

However, the coated bead is suspended between the lip of the slide hopper and the moving web, and two independent radii of curvature R1, R2 exist on the upper and lower surfaces of the bead. Similar to the old dip coating method, the relationship among the upper radius of curvature R1, the thickness of the wet coating layer h1, the viscosity η of the liquid, the surface tension σ of the liquid, and the coating speed U is σ.

In addition, the upper and lower curvature radii R1, R2, the pressure P1 in the upper space
, the pressure in the space below P2, the density of the liquid ρ, the gravitational acceleration Q1, the surface tension σ of the liquid, and the thickness of the suspended bead. has the following relational expression.

To this, Wong, Tsuong Jun (WangZhonoj
un), Current Theory and Practice of]
-Taing and Drying Technique (CURRENT)
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF C
0ATING AND DRYING TECHNIQt
JE), pages 32-41, first, film,
Factory (First Filmfactory
), The Ministry of Chemical Industry (The Ministry of Chemical Industry)
IIndustry), 1937.

However, as can be seen from the above description and relational expressions, the bead coating method has several drawbacks as described below.

1. There is no need for a bead suspended between the slide hopper and the moving web. Particularly at lower speed conditions, factors such as ambient vibrations, motion inhomogeneities, and pressure oscillations in the suction chamber can easily cause transverse line defects on the coated web.

2. For faster coating speed conditions, this bead coating method typically dilutes the coating solution with water to reduce fluid viscosity.

This means that greater capacity and greater energy consumption are required for drying.

Modern color films or photographic papers require thinner coating layers, with each wet composition having a thickness of 0.010 to 0.035 #
It is. In the case of multiple coating conditions, the sum of the hot side thicknesses of some coating compositions is less than the bead coating minimum.

3. The most troublesome problem in the bead coating method is the narrow gap between the moving web and the slide hopper,
Limited range of gap width is 0.150 to 0.45
0mm, and is usually adjusted to between 0.200 and 0.350.

Obviously, the thickness of the seam must be smaller than the width of the gap in order to avoid separation of the web or interruption of the coating operation. Therefore, as long as the seam passes through the covering point,
Alternatively, it is necessary to join at an angle or lower the slide hopper. For the same reason, bead coatings must be seamed with specially treated adhesive tapes to avoid thick overlaps.

4. During the bead coating operation, fine particles such as bubbles, fibers, loose beads, lumps, and dust can impair the stability of the bead and cause it to last for a long time.
This results in "pencil-line" defects that result in much of the product being scrapped.

On the other hand, surface non-uniformity of film and paper also results in the product being discarded due to lack of bead stability.

D, J, Huohes
) and Hishiei, K, 'Jyiller (J, ni, Gre
Miller) developed a free-fall vertical, flow coating method. This is similar to bead coating in that multiple overlapping layers are obtained in thin streams. It is also similar to the flow coating method in the painting field. This coating method is 5-100mPas
(IllPa5=1 cp) high viscosity liquid compositions can be used. The liquid film will be accelerated by gravity at a slower rate than the acceleration in free fall. The web then moves horizontally at a coating speed on the order of 0.9 to 3 times the speed of the free-falling vertical film near the surface of the web. The height of the free-falling membrane is set between 50 and 200 m. The speed of the coating web is set at 1.5-5 m/min, giving a very thin wet coating layer thickness of about 0.020-0.080 m. On the other hand, this coating method avoids defects often found in bead coatings, such as "scoring lines", "pencil lines" and "seam breaks", and is suitable for the production of color films and photographic papers.

However, the vertical free-fall flow coating method also has several drawbacks.

1. Both the structure of the multiple pour coating equipment and the air barrier must limit the height of the free-falling membrane to 100-120 m. Therefore, U.S. Pat. No. 3,632.4.
03, 4.233.346, and British Patent No. 1.429.260, various versions of this coating method, except for thicker edges, are described. U.S. Pat. No. 4,287,240, on the other hand, suggests the use of layered screens or perforated plates as a shield to protect the free-falling membrane flow from being disturbed by the surrounding air flow. There is.

2. In the actual photographic industry, there are various products, different wet coating thicknesses and different coating compositions.

Some products require a low ratio of gelatin to silver halide, while others require simultaneous coating of six or seven liquid compositions in multiple separate layers; The thickness is in the range of 0.150 to 0.160. This exceeds the limits of the free fall coating method. Some intermediate plants do not require excessively high speeds, but encounter difficulties when attempting to produce a variety of products on the same coating equipment.

In the prior art, there are hundreds of patents on various coating methods. For example, contact roller coating, multi-roller coating, knife coating, extrusion coating, etc. However, methods that are widely used and increasingly developed primarily in the photographic industry are methods such as dip coating, bead coating and free-fall flow coating.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 12 - The present invention has developed a novel vertical pull-flow coating method that allows single or multiple layers to be coated simultaneously and extremely uniformly on moving ware. It is also suitable for producing silver salt or non-silver salt photosensitive materials. The invention is also suitable for the production of other materials requiring single or multiple layers. This new coating method is suitable for a range of coating thicknesses covering both bead coating and free-fall flow coating methods, and is suitable for "pencil lines,""scorchlines," and "interruptions at seams." Defects such as defects and difficulties associated with free-fall pour coating methods such as thicker edges and airflow turbulence can be avoided.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The novel coating method and apparatus consists of three main parts. namely, a more highly uniform, equal flow distribution coating device, vertically pulling short membranes, and parallel rotating coating rollers and moving webs.

As a result, this new coating method can be named "vertical stretch flow coating method". This is explained as follows.

Vertical pull-flow coating equipment is typically equipped with a number of precision metering pumps and flow meters to distribute a highly uniform and equal flow of various liquid compositions into the coating equipment, ranging from less than ±0.5 to 1.0
% deviation and then let the coating fluid flow down a 20' slope at a rate of 50 to 300 #l per meter per minute.
Form a uniform flow of I++ flow rate. Reduce the flow thickness by about 40% before free flow, then reduce the liquid film to 0.065
■ Penetrating velocity of ~0.226 m/sec. to lower it.

The descending velocity (2) of the liquid film is smaller than the descending velocity of a free falling film due to the viscosity of the liquid, and has the following relational expression.

In this), 0 is the gravitational acceleration and H is the height of the liquid film.

Coating equipment is not suitable on coated webs or rollers;
Suitably it is in the upper flank space of the covering roller and web. In this respect, the present invention differs from the free-fall flow coating method. Therefore, the height of the liquid film is 50
It is possible to form a short film that is stable around mm and around mm. The height can be adjusted from 0.5mm to around 50mm.

The short membrane has an elevation angle (ar+o
of elevation) 0 to 60' to promote adhesion of the coating liquid to the web surface.

If the coating roller and web are rotated in the same direction and the linear velocity of rotation is greater than the free fall velocity, short films will be stretched and the thickness will be greatly reduced.

Where other products require, wet coating thicknesses h of 0.020 to 0.240 tnm can be obtained with pull ratios of 1 to 20 times. This coating method can also coat uneven surfaces, such as cloth mesh, textured paper, and other surfaces.

Vertical tensile membranes are an important aspect of the coating technology in this invention. In extreme conditions, where the membrane height is higher or lower than 50 m, the rate of membrane fall is approximately 1 TrL/sec. If the pull ratio is set to 3x, the line speed of the coated roller and web will be 5 TrL/sec, or 3007 FL/min, which will be satisfactory for most mills.

In practice, coating speeds are typically less than 180 m/min, which corresponds to 3 ya/sec. If the tensile ratio is 5~
If it is 10 times lower, the height of the membrane is 5m+~20
It can be reduced to #1I11. and the coating speed is 0
．． 3-3 m/sec, corresponding to 18-1807 FL/min. As can be seen, the tensile short membrane has a higher degree of stability, thus avoiding the drawbacks of the free-fall coating method, such as thicker edges and turbulence due to air flow. Can be done. It is also of sufficient height to pass through any seams, such as makeshift seams, butt seams, welded seams, or mechanical seams, and is capable of passing through any seams such as "pencil lines", "score lines" in bead coating methods,
Disadvantages such as "interruptions due to seams" can be avoided. Therefore, this new coating device can be equipped with any type of automatic splicer. This spritzer is a voluminous accumulator.
tor), which simplifies the web cleaning machine and represents a significant improvement over older coating machines.

This new coating method allows the use of a wider range of liquid viscosities than bead coating methods or free-fall coating methods;
s-1, in the range of OOOn+Pas. When coating silver salt-based photosensitive materials, the appropriate viscosity of the coating liquid is 5 mP.
as~50 mPas1 Usually can be varied so as not to exceed 1QQmPas. When coating non-silver salt-based photosensitive materials, the appropriate viscosity of the coating solution is from 5 mPas to 500 mPas.
Can be changed up to mPas, usually 1.00Q m
Do not exceed pas. As can be seen, this new coating method allows the use of more viscous and thicker liquid compositions, thus obtaining thinner coating layers, drying at lower temperatures, and reducing the drying capacity. It requires less energy, saves energy, and lowers production costs.

In addition to the above, this new coating method also differs from hot melt coating methods and extrusion coating methods and is used in the production of adhesive tapes, resin-coated papers, for example European Patent No. 31.3.
It is described in No. 01A.

In this coating method, a molten liquid composition is extruded from a coating device to form a liquid film that is pulled between a polished cooling roller and a moving web and gelled, so that hot melt coating and extrusion coating methods low viscosity, low gelling concentration,
Alternatively, it is not possible to coat a liquid composition that does not have gelling ability. However, in the present invention, the liquid film is stretched
After reducing the thickness of the liquid coating layer, it adheres onto the surface of the moving web and then slowly gels in a cooling chamber, or the new coating method is a gel-based coating, such as that used in the production of non-silver salt-based photosensitive materials. It is also possible to coat liquid compositions that do not have the ability to oxidize.

The main features of the present vertical tension flow coating method are as follows in detail.

1. The height of the short liquid film is adjusted in the range of 0.5 # to around 50 #, and the tension ratio is adjusted in the range of 1 to 20 times.

2. Equal flow distribution coating equipment can simultaneously coat one layer or six or more layers as a thin stream. Also, the standard deviation of the degree of non-uniformity should be lower than ±0.5 to ±1%.

3. Appropriate viscosity of coating liquid is 5 ■ Pas to 50 e+P
It can be varied up to as, and usually does not exceed 100 mPas. This is the case in the production of silver salt-based photosensitive materials, but in the case of non-silver salt-based photosensitive materials, the appropriate viscosity of the coating liquid can vary from 5 mPas to 500 mPas, and exceeds 100Q mPas. Never.

4. The total appropriate flow rate per unit of coating equipment is 50 #
Ii! /S/m to 300d/S/m,
200-12 per hour during 1,120 am coating
0 (1 g of drying capacity is required.

5. The moving speed of the web may exceed 5 m/s.

It is usually adjusted in the range 0.3-5 TrL/sec, which corresponds to 18-300 m/min. Under appropriate conditions,
The wet thickness of the plurality of coating layers is 0.020a11 to 0.24
It can be adjusted within the range of 0ml+, which is 20-240M
This corresponds to the coating of R/TrL2.

6. The thicker and more viscous the liquid, the thinner the coating layer will be obtained. Therefore, less drying capacity is required,
VJ manufacturing costs are low because energy is saved and coating is faster with lower drying.

7. The new coating equipment may be equipped with an automatic splicer, eliminate the accumulator, simplify the web cleaning machine, and microprocessor control the coating speed, wet cover,
Control the best coating conditions such as flow rate and film height, thereby advancing traditional coating equipment.

Due to the above-mentioned remarkable features, the vertical stretch flow coating method is suitable for producing various coating layers of silver salt-based photosensitive materials. For example, subbino layers, anti-nolation layers, filter layers, black and color films or photosensitive papers, motion picture films, X-ray films, aeronautical films,
Lithography film, micro film, holography
Suitable for manufacturing microfilm etc. In addition, non-silver salt-based photosensitive materials such as 4f diazo type microfilm, diazo type printing paper, red mask stripping film (
It is also suitable for manufacturing red-w+ask-20-5 trippino film), electrophotographic paper (or electrofax), pressure-sensitive copying paper, etc.

Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional dip coating apparatus is shown. 1 is a moving wear, 2 is a coating roller, 3 is a Wi layer, 4 is a coating liquid, and 5
is the coating container, h is the wet thickness of the coating layer, and R is the radius of curvature of the oil surface in the coating container.

FIG. 2 shows a bead coating device with 6 slide hoppers. 1 is a moving web,
2 is a coating roller, 3 is a coating layer, 4 is a coating liquid descending on the slide surface, 6 is a plate of a slide hopper, 7 is a water passage, 8 is a delivery gap, 9 is a uniform flow chamber, 10 is a pressure gap, 11 is the equal flow distribution chamber, h is the wet thickness of the coating layer, hl is the thickness of the suspended bead, t is the coating gap between the moving web and the slide hopper, P is the headspace pressure, R2 is the pressure in the lower space, R1 is the upper radius of curvature, and R2 is the lower radius of curvature. Wano Zhonoju
“The Design of Cascade Coater to Win Prove, the Uniformity” by Song Fuhai
ign Of Ca5cade Coater To
Improve The Llniformitv”)
,The ,Colectirado ,Reports ,of ,the ,Silver ,Salt ,and ,Non-Silver ,Salt ,Photo-Sensitive Machilia ,I1. ．． (THE C0LLECT
ED REPORTS OF TtlE 5ILVER
5ALTAND N0N-3ILVER5ALT PH
0TO3ENSITIVEHATEIIIALS')
, pp. 121-123, (1983), edited by China Photographic Research Association.

FIG. 3 shows the apparatus for the free-fall vertical flow coating method described in US Pat. No. 3,508,947@. 1 is the moving wear, 2 is the covered roller, and 1.3
1 is a coating layer, 4 is a coating liquid flowing down the slide surface, 6 is a plate of the coating device, 12 is a distribution chamber, 13 is a rod-shaped edge guide, 14 is a curved air shield, 15 is a main saucer, and 16 is a membrane deflector. where h is the wet thickness of the coating layer and Hl is the height of the free-falling film.

FIG. 4 shows an apparatus for another type of free-fall vertical flow coating method. This is U.S. Patent No. 3.508.94.
This is described in Specification No. 7. In this figure, 1 is the moving web, 3 is the coating layer, 4 is the coating liquid flowing down the slide surface, 12 is the distribution chamber, h is the wet thickness of the coating layer, and H2 is the height of the free-falling film. .

FIG. 5 shows an apparatus for the single-layer vertical stretch-flow coating process, which is proposed in the present invention. 1 is a moving web, 2 is a coating roller, 3 is a coating layer, 6 is a plate of the coating device, 7 is a hot water passage, 8 is a feed gap,
11 is a chamber for distributing equal flows, 13 is a plate-shaped edge guide, 17 is a cooling chamber, 18 is a cover of the coating device, h is the wet thickness in the coating device, and 13 is the height of the vertical tensile membrane. The short film is lowered at an elevation angle of 0 to 60° onto the moving web on the coating roller.

FIG. 6 is a front view of FIG. 5, in which 1 is a moving web;
2 is a coating roller, 3 is a coating layer, 6 is a plate of the coating device, 13 is a plate-shaped edge guide, 17 is a cooling chamber, 19 is a side plate of the coating device, 2o is an inlet/outlet of a lagoon, 21 is an inlet of a coating liquid, 22 is a fixing screw, and 23 is a short membrane in vertical tension.

The coating layer of the coating device 6 can be larger or smaller than the width of the moving web, or alternatively the length of the coating roller can be larger or smaller than the width of the moving web for the same reason.

FIG. 7 shows an apparatus for a four-layer vertical flow coating method, which is proposed in the present invention. 1 is a moving web, 2 is a coating roller, 3 is a coating layer, 4 is a coating liquid, 6 is a plate of the coating device, 7 is a passage for hot water, 8 is a feeding gap, 9 is a chamber for uniform flow, and 10 is a heating plate. pressure chamber, 11 is an equal flow distribution chamber, 13 is a plate edge guide, 17 is a cooling chamber, 18 is a cover of the coating device, h is the wet thickness of the coating layer, H4 is the height of the vertical tensile membrane, and is short. The membrane descends to the surface of the moving web on the coating roller at an elevation angle of 0~60'.

FIG. 8 shows an apparatus for the six-layer cascade type vertical stretch coating method proposed by the present invention. 1 is a moving web, 2 is a coating roller, 3 is a coating layer, 4 is a coating liquid flowing down the slide surface, 6 is a plate of a coating device, 7 is a hot water passage, 8 is a feeding gap, 9 is a uniform flow 10 is a pressure gap, 11 is a chamber for distributing equal flow, 13 is a plate-like edge guide, 17 is a cooling chamber, h is the wet thickness of the coating layer, H2 is the thickness of the liquid flowing on the slide surface, H3 is the The thickness of the flowing liquid before free fall, H4, is the height of the vertical tensile membrane, and the short membrane moves over the coated rollers up to the web, at an elevation angle of 0 to
Descend at 60°.

FIG. 9 is a pictorial representation of one embodiment of a novel wave vl apparatus for performing vertical stretch flow coatings in accordance with the present invention.

1 is a moving web, 2 is a coating roller, 3 is a coating layer, 4 is a coating liquid, 17 is a cooling chamber, 19 is a side plate of the coating device, 21 is an inlet for the coating liquid, 24 is a reversing roller, and 25 is a For the support roller, α is the elevation angle to the cooling chamber, and the elevation angle α is suitably 30 to 90°.

Next, the present invention will be explained by examples.

25 Example 1 A single layer coating apparatus shown in FIG. 5 was used to coat an organic solvent type coating liquid. For example, to produce a diazo microfilm, a 6% ascent solution of 6% acrylonitrile-vinylidene chloride copolymer and a viscosity of 72
The mPas solution was coated onto a 0.100III++ thick polyethylene terephthalate film. The height H of the short membrane is 2511I111 The flow rate Q/L of the coating liquid is 80aI
When e/S/m, the free falling speed of the liquid film is 0.
It was smaller than 74m. If the ratio of the pulling speeds is 2.7 times, a wet thickness h of 0.040 m was obtained for the above layer at a coating speed 1 of 2 m/s.

Example 2 An aqueous coating solution was coated using any of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 7, or FIG. 8. For example, when coating an antihalation layer, an aqueous gelatin solution containing 15% blue-black dye with a viscosity of 52 mPsa is applied to a thickness of 0.1 mPa.
It was coated on the back side of a 40all cellulose acetate film base. The height H of the short membrane is 171! #1. When the flow rate Q/L of the coating liquid was set to 75 d/S/m, the free fall speed (■) of the liquid film was smaller than 0.6 m/s. If the ratio of the pulling speeds is doubled, then for the above layer the coating speed U
is 1.2 m/s and the wet thickness h(
A dry thickness of 7 microns) was obtained.

Example 3 Dual colloidal silver antihalation layers were applied to a 0.140 m thick cellulose triacetate film using the equipment described in Figures 7 or 8. A black colloidal silver dispersion for a photographic antihalation layer contains 8% gelatin and has a viscosity of 14 iPas, which is 0.
．． It was necessary to obtain a wet thickness of 025#lIN.

The 7% aqueous gelatin solution for the topcoat layer had a viscosity of 12+aPas and was needed to obtain a wet thickness of 0.010aPas. If the height H of the short membrane is 151
1I11, and the total flow velocity ΣQ/L is 70ad! /S/
m, the free fall velocity of the liquid ■ was smaller than 0.58 m/s. When the ratio of the pulling speeds was 3.5 times, a wet thickness h of 0.035 ae+ was obtained for the above layer at a pulling speed U of 2 m/s.

Example 4 A double layer of X-ray-sensitive emulsion and protective coating was prepared using the coating apparatus described in FIG. 7 or 8 to a thickness of 0.1
90711111 on a transparent polyester film base. There was 12% gelatin present in the coating emulsion and the viscosity was 21 mPas.

It also contained 38 grams of silver per 11 emulsions. This was necessary to obtain a wet thickness h' of 0.157 m or a coating containing 6.0 grams of silver per square meter. The protective coating liquid was a 9% aqueous gelatin solution with a viscosity of 18 mpas and was necessary to obtain a wet thickness h It of 0.015 All11. The emulsion flow rate Q1/L is 90 me/s/m, the protective coating liquid flow rate Q2
When /L was 10 d/S/m1 and the height H of the short film was 12 shoes, the free fall velocity of the liquid film was smaller than 0.52 m/s. If the ratio of pulling speeds is 1.12 fg, the total wet thickness Σ with a coating speed U of 0.58 m/s
h became 0.172JII11.

Example 5 As described in Example 2, for coating the holographic microfilm, an aqueous gelatin antihalation solution was first applied to the back side of a 0.250 m thick polyester film base to give a 9 micron dry thickness antihalation solution. Got layers. The web was then coated with a double layer of silver halide emulsion and preservation coating using the coating apparatus shown in FIG.

The silver halide emulsion contained 6.5% gelatin and had a viscosity of 15 mPas. It also contained 32 grams of silver per 11 grams. This is 0.203 m wet coating thickness h
′ was necessary to obtain . The protective coating liquid contained 6% gelatin and had a viscosity of l' 4 lllPa5. This was necessary to obtain a wet coating thickness h'' of 0.010 m. These two coating liquids were fed to the coating equipment in the proportions mentioned above, and the total liquid flow rate ΣQ/L was 100 #11 !/
It was s/m. When the height H of the short film was 5M, the free fall velocity of the liquid film was less than 0.32 m/sec. If the tensile speed ratio is 1.4 times, the total wet thickness Σ
h was 0.213 at a coating speed U of 0.327111/sec.

Example 6 As described in Example 2, in coating a photocurable correction film, an aqueous gelatin antihalation solution was first applied to the back side of a 0.030 m thick polyester film base to a dry thickness of 7 microns. It was necessary to obtain an anti-halation layer. Then, using the coating device shown in FIG.
The web was provided with a double layer of silver halide emulsion and protective coating. The silver halide emulsion contained 7.5% gelatin, had a viscosity of 14 mPas, and contained 32 grams of silver per 11 grams, giving a wet coating thickness h' of 0.094 m.
It was necessary to do so. The protective coating liquid contains 7% gelatin, has a viscosity of 15 mPas, and has a wet coating thickness h I
This was necessary to set t to 0.010 m. These two coating liquids were supplied to the coating apparatus at the above ratio, and the total liquid flow rate ΣQ/L was 120aIII s/m. The inclination angle α of the coating device is 206, and the liquid thickness h2 is 1.40 m.
It was m.

As the fluid flowed down the arcuate head of the coating device, the fluid thickness was reduced to 0.98 m before free falling from the coating device. The height of the short membrane H was 20 m. and the average inertial velocity of the liquid film■. was 0.12 m/sec, and the liquid film velocity V after free fall was 0.48 m/sec. If the ratio of the tensile speed is 2.4 times, the coating speed u1.15m, /
A total wet thickness Σh of 0.104al111 in seconds was obtained. After processing drying, the film was fairly flat and suitable for modified photocuring.

Example 7 As described in Example 2, in high-speed photographic film coating, gelatin antihalation aqueous solution was first applied to a thickness of 0.1
It was applied to the back side of a 100a polyester film and was necessary to obtain an antihalation layer with a dry thickness of 811tIR. Next, using the coating apparatus shown in FIG. 8, the coating liquid was applied to the web in the following manner.

Covering layer yes* tan in
51mPas Q/IId/sec/m 5(1) Protective coating 15 15 0.015(2
) High speed emulsion 16 36 115 0.1
15(3) Slow emulsion 14 24 40
0.040ΣQ/L=170Σh=0.
170 When the height H of the short film was 20#lII+, the free fall velocity V of the liquid film was less than 0.66 m/s.

If the pull speed ratio was 1.5 times, a total wet thickness of 0.170 an was obtained at a coating speed of 1 m/sec or 60 m/min.

Example 8 2309/coating layer was coated on color paper using the coating apparatus shown in FIG. 8 under the following conditions.
Viscosity Silver amount Flow rate Wet thickness mPa
s a/j! aft/sec/m yarn(1
) Protection 10 8 0.010
(2) Blue sensitivity 12 12 33 0
．． 041 (3) Yellow filter 10 16
0.020(4) Green photosensitivity 11 9
28 0.035(5) Intermediate 1080°010(6) Red sensitivity 10 7.5 27
0.034ΣQ/L= 120Σh= 0.150
When the height of the short film was 20#lI++, the free fall velocity of the liquid film was less than 0.66 m/sec. If the ratio of the pulling speed is 1.2 times, then 0.8 m/s or 48 m
A wet thickness Σh of 0.150 m was obtained at a coating speed U of /min.

Example 9 In coating a color negative film, 14 liquid components were applied to a cellulose triacetate film base.

The coating conditions were as follows.

Coating layer Viscosity Silver amount Flow rate
Wet - 1 thickness raPas a/1 d/sec/m
Hz (1) protection 12 30 0
．． 015(2) Blue high sensitivity 15 45 48
0.024(3) Blue low sensitivity 14 38
72 0.036 (4) Intermediate 12
2G 0.010ΣQ/L= 170
Σh=0.085 (5) Yellow filter 11
30 0.015 (6) Intermediate 12
20 0.010(1) Green high sensitivity 1
5 40. 50 0.025(8) Green low sensitivity 14 3B 72 0.036ΣQ/L
=172 Σh= 0.086 (9) Intermediate
12 20 0.016 (10) correction
13 30 0.015(
11) High sensitivity for red color 15 40 40 0.
020 (12) Red low sensitivity 14 36 60
0.030ΣQ/L= 150Σh= 0.075
(13) Intermediate 12 20
0.010 (14) Anti-halation 14
50 G, 025ΣQ/L= 70Σh=
0.035 Using the coating apparatus shown in FIG. 8, 6 to 8 layers or 2 to 4 layers, respectively, were applied through the coating strip.

The coating conditions were as follows.

(13)-(14) Layer 15 0.58 3.
5 2.0 (9) to (12) layers 15 0.5
8 3.5 2.0 (5) to (8) layers 15
0.58 3.5 2.0 (1) to (4) layers 15
0.58 3.5 2.0, short membrane height 1'' 15
When fixed to IruR, the free fall velocity V of the liquid film is 0.5
The speed was 8 m/sec. If the tensile velocity mark ratio is also fixed at 3.5 times and the coating speed U is 2.0 m/sec, the total flow velocity ΣQ/L is changed from 70 mjt/sec/m to 1701 d/sec/■
A total wet thickness of 0.035 to 0.085 mm was obtained.

Generally speaking, the above nine examples demonstrate that the vertical pull-flow coating method and equipment are capable of coating at various coating speeds, that a wide range of wet thicknesses can be obtained, and that both bead and free-fall coating methods are limited. It goes beyond the scope.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-section of a conventional coating method. FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a six-layer slide hopper for the six-layer bead coating process. FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the apparatus used in the free-fall vertical flow coating process described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,508,947. Figure 4 is U.S. Patent No. 3.508.947
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an apparatus for use in another type of free-fall vertical flow coating process described in that patent; FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-section of a single layer vertical stretch flow coating apparatus provided by the present invention. FIG. 6 is a front view of FIG. 5. FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a four-layer vertical stretch-flow coating apparatus provided by the present invention. FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a six-layer cascade vertical pull-flow coating apparatus also provided by the present invention. FIG. 9 is a schematic side elevational view of one embodiment of the novel coating apparatus for carrying out the vertical pull-flow coating method according to the present invention.

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) A method for producing silver salt and non-silver salt photosensitive materials by applying a single layer or multiple layers of liquid coating compositions at once onto a moving web, the method comprising: applying a thin stream from the pouring lip of a coating device; It is dropped to form a short uniform liquid film, which is then applied and adhered onto a portion of the moving web surface on the rollers of the coating equipment, the rollers being rotated in the same direction as the falling film, and further pulled. A method for producing a photosensitive material, characterized by minimizing the thickness. (2) A single-layer or multi-layer liquid composition is fed into a coating device using a precision metering pump and a flow meter, and a thin stream is allowed to fall from the pouring lip of the coating device to form a uniform liquid film, with the liquid being Viscosity range from 2mPas to 1,000mPas
Then, the flow rate of the coating liquid per unit width of the coating device was set to 50ml/
The method according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate is controlled within a range of s/m to 300 ml/s/m. (3) The short film falls from the pouring lip of the coating device and impinges on the web surface and the coating roller at an elevation angle of 0 to 60 degrees, thereby promoting adhesion of the coating liquid to the web surface. The method described in section. (4) the linear velocity of the rotating roller and web is greater than the free fall velocity, thereby minimizing the short film thickness by varying the gravitational acceleration and pulling velocity ratio from 1 to 20 times; A method according to claim 1. (5) guiding the short membrane by two plate-like edge guides fixed to the coating device, and gradually increasing the width between the two edge guides as the height of the short membrane increases; A method according to claim 1, which facilitates improving the stability of short membranes and the uniformity next to the edge guide. (6) The moving web has a smooth surface such as paper, parita paper, resin-coated paper, cellulose triacetate film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polycarbonate film, polyethylene film, polypropylene film, etc., or it has a smooth surface such as cloth, silk, net, uneven surface. A method according to claim 1, having a non-smooth surface such as paper. (7) Three main parts: high uniformity distribution coating equipment;
Apparatus for producing silver salt and non-silver salt photographic materials, consisting of a device for vertically pulling a short film and a coating roller contacting a portion of the moving web, rotating in the same direction as the descending film. (8) Coating devices, i.e. coating devices that distribute equal flows with high uniformity, have a standard deviation of non-uniformity of ±0.5% to ±1.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, capable of applying more than one layer or more than 6 layers to a web moving at %. (9) leaving the coating device in the upper side space beside the coating roller and the web, thereby reducing the height of the pouring lip of the coating device to the web surface to be less than 50 mm to form a more stable and short film; The device according to claim 7, wherein the height range is adjusted from 0.5 mm to around 50 mm.