JPS61275764A - Toner for electrostatic image development - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To stabilize an amount of the frictional electrification of the titled toner, and to make the distribution of the frictional electrification sharp and uniform, and to enable to control the electrification amount of the titled toner to that suitable to the used development system, and to obtain the titled toner having good cleaning and fixing properties by incorporating a specific compd. to the titled toner. CONSTITUTION:The titled toner is incorporated with the compd. shown by the formula wherein R1 and R2 are each a substd. or an unsubstd. alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl group. The prescribed compd. is thermally and timewisely stable, and is low in a moisture content, when the prescribed compd. is incorporated to the developer, the developer having an excellent electrophotographic characteristics may be obtd. Therefore, by incorporating the prescribed compd. to the developer, the stable frictional electrification characteristics is obtd., and the development and the transfer are truly effected according to the latent image. When the titled toner is continuously used for long periods, the toner does not occur the coagulation, maintaining the primary characteristics. The clean colored picture may be obtd., without being influenced to the change of the temperature and humidity.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a new toner for developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, and the like.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, as an electrophotographic method, US Pat. No. 2.2f37. [No. 1f91, Special Publication Showa 42-23! 31
Various methods are described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 0 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-24748, etc., but in short, these methods apply a uniform electrostatic charge to a photoconductive insulating layer and apply light to the insulating layer. An electrostatic latent image is formed by irradiating the image, and then this latent image is developed and visualized using fine powder called toner using this technology. After transferring the powder image to paper etc. as necessary, heating and pressure are applied. Alternatively, fixing is carried out using solvent vapor or the like.

The developing methods applied to these electrophotographic methods include:
Broadly speaking, there are dry development methods and wet development methods. The former method is further divided into a method using a two-component developer and a method using a -component developer.

Two-component developing methods include a magnetic brush method using an iron powder carrier, a cascade method using a bead carrier, a fur brush method using fur, etc., depending on the type of carrier for conveying the toner.

In addition, those belonging to the -component type development method include a powder cloud method in which toner particles are sprayed, and a contact development method (contact development, or (also referred to as toner development), jumping development method in which toner particles are not brought into direct contact with the electrostatic latent image surface, but are charged and flown toward the latent image surface by the electric field of the electrostatic latent image; and magnetic conductive method. There is the MagneDry method, which develops by bringing a toner into contact with the electrostatic latent image surface.

As toners applied to these developing methods, fine powders in which dyes and pigments are dispersed in natural or synthetic resins have conventionally been used. For example, particles obtained by dispersing a colorant in a binder resin such as polystyrene and pulverizing the particles into particles of about 1 to 30 particles are used as toner. As the magnetic toner, one containing magnetic particles such as magnetite is used. In the case of a system using a so-called two-component developer, the toner is usually mixed with carrier particles such as glass beads and iron powder. Further, the toner is made to have a positive or negative charge depending on the polarity of the electrostatic latent image to be developed.

In order to make the toner hold an electric charge, it is also possible to use the triboelectricity of the resin that is a component of the toner, but since the toner's chargeability is small with this method, the image obtained by development is prone to fogging and is unclear. Become something. Therefore, in order to impart desired triboelectrification properties to toners, dyes and pigments that impart electrostatic properties, as well as charge control agents, are added.

Charge control agents known in the art today include the following:

(1) The following substances can be used to control the toner to be positively charged.

Nigrosine, azine dyes containing an alkyl group having 2 to 1B carbon atoms (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1827/1983), basic dyes [for example, C.I. Basic Yellow 2 (G, 1.
Ba5ic Yellow 2) (C, 1,41000
), C.I. Basic Yellow 3 (C,1
,BasicYellow 3) ,C,1,Ba5ic Red 1)
(C, 1, 45180), C, I Basic Red 9 (C, 1, Ba5ic Red 13) (C,
1°42500), C, 1, Ba5ic Violet 1 (C, 1, Ba5ic Violet 1) (
G, 1.42535), C,1,Ba5icViolet 3
) (G, 1.42555), C,I Basic Violet 10 (C,I, Ba5ic Vio
let 10) (C, 1, 45170), C.I.
Basic Violet 14 (C, 1, Ba5ic
Violet 14) (G, L42510), Sea
i basic blue l (C, 1, Ba5ic B
lue 1) (C, 1, 42025), C.I.
Basic Blue 3 (C, 1, Ba5ic Blue
e 3) (C, 1, 51005), C, 1, Ba5ic Blue 5
) (C, 1, 42140), C, I Basic Blue (C, 1, Ba5ic Blue 7) (
C:, 1.425f35), C.I.Basic.
Blue 9 (C, 1, Ba5ic Blue 9) (
C, 1, 52015), C, 1, Ba5ic Blue 24 (G,
1.52030), C, 1, Ba5ic Blue 25 (C,
1,52025), C.I. Basic Blue 2
8 (C, 1, Ba5icBlue 2B) (C, 1,
44045), C.I. Basic Green l
(C, 1, Ba5ic Green 1) (C, 1゜4
2040), C.I. Basic Green 4 (C
, L Ba5ic Green 4) (C, 1,420
00) etc.]. Lake pigments of these basic dyes (lake forming agents include phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungsten molybdic acid, tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid, ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, etc.), C.I.・Solvent Black 3 (C
, L 5olvent Black 3) (C, r,
28150), Handy! l:f-G(C, 1,118
80), C.I.Moldant Black 11 (C
, 1, Mordant Blackll), C,L Pigment Blackl
Black 1), Gilunite, Asphalt, etc.

Quaternary ammonium salts, such as benzyl-dimethyl-hexadecyl ammonium chloride, decyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride, organotin compounds such as dibutyltin oxide, metal salts of higher fatty acids, glass, mica,
Inorganic fine powder such as zinc oxide, metal complexes such as EDTA and acetylacetone, vinyl polymers containing amino groups,
Polyamine resins such as condensation polymers containing amino groups.

(2) The following substances can be used to control the negative chargeability of toner.

Metal complex salts of monoazo dyes described in Japanese Patent Publications Nos. 41-20153, 43-27598, 44-Ef3i37, and 45-28478.

Dyes and pigments such as nitrofumic acid and its salts or CA, 14845, described in JP-A-50-133338.

Salicylic acid, oxynaphthoic acid, which are described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-42752, Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-41508, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-7384, Japanese Patent Publication No. 513-7385, etc.
Metal complexes of dicarboxylic acids such as C01Cr and Fe. Sulfonated copper phthalocyanine pigment. Styrene oligomer with nitro groups and halogens introduced. Chlorinated paraffin, melamine resin, etc.

Many of these charge control agents are derived from dyes and pigments.
Generally, they have a complex structure, and many of them have strong coloring properties.

Recently, there are some newly proposed products that are different from these, but none have superior overall performance to dyes and pigments, and examples of dyes and pigments still being used are still unsatisfactory. Most of them are.

These are usually added to a thermoplastic resin, thermally melted and dispersed, finely pulverized, and adjusted to an appropriate particle size as required before use.

However, these dyes used as charge control agents have complex structures, inconsistent properties, and poor stability, and are susceptible to decomposition during thermal kneading, mechanical impact, friction, changes in temperature and humidity conditions, etc. Otherwise, it is likely to change in quality and cause a phenomenon in which charge controllability is deteriorated.

Therefore, when a toner containing these dyes as a charge control agent is used for development in a copying machine, as the number of copies increases, the charge control agent decomposes or changes in quality, which may cause deterioration of the toner during durability.

Furthermore, since it is extremely difficult to uniformly disperse these charge control agents in thermoplastic resins, they pose the fatal problem of causing differences in the amount of frictional charge between toner particles obtained by pulverization. have. For this reason, various methods have been used to achieve more uniform dispersion. for example,
Basic nigrosine dyes are used by forming salts with higher fatty acids in order to improve their compatibility with thermoplastic resins.
Dispersion products of unreacted fatty acids or salts are often exposed on the toner surface and contaminate the carrier or toner carrier, causing a decrease in toner fluidity, fog, and a decrease in image density. There is. Alternatively, in order to improve the dispersion of these charge control agents into the resin, a method has also been adopted in which charge control agent powder and resin powder are mechanically pulverized and mixed in advance and then hot melt-kneaded. However, the inherent poor dispersion cannot be avoided, and at present, sufficient uniformity of charge has not yet been obtained for practical use.

Moreover, most of the substances generally known as charge control agents have a dark color, and there is a problem in that they cannot be incorporated into bright chromatic color developers.

In addition, many charge control agents are hydrophilic, and due to poor dispersion in these resins, dyes are exposed on the toner surface when crushed after melt mixing, and under high humidity conditions, these charge control agents Since it is hydrophilic, it has the disadvantage that good quality images cannot be obtained.

In this way, when conventional charge control agents are used in toner,
between toner particles or between toner and carrier°
During this period, variations occur in the amount of charge generated on the surface of toner particles between the toner and a toner carrier such as a sleeve.
Problems such as development fog, toner scattering, carrier contamination, etc. are likely to occur, and these problems become noticeable when copying is repeated many times, resulting in a result that is practically unsuitable for copying machines.

Furthermore, under high humidity conditions, the transfer efficiency of toner images decreases significantly, making many toners unusable. Due to the instability of charge control agents, they often undergo deterioration and become unusable due to poor charging properties.

Furthermore, when conventional charge control agents are used in toner, long-term use may cause the charge control agents to adhere to the surface of the photoreceptor or promote toner adhesion, adversely affecting latent image formation (
There are many things that have a negative effect on the cleaning process of a copying machine, such as the filming phenomenon), those that cause scratches on the surface of the photoreceptor or cleaning members such as cleaning blades, and those that accelerate wear of the members.

Furthermore, when conventional charge control agents are used in toners, there are many that have a large effect on the thermal melting properties of the toner and reduce the Takarazen performance.In particular, they worsen offset resistance at high temperatures, and heat roll fixation There are some that increase the clinging of the transfer material to the roller and reduce the durability life of the roller.

As described above, conventional charge control agents have many drawbacks.
There is a strong demand in the technical field to improve these.
Although many improved techniques have been proposed so far, the reality is that no one has yet been found that is comprehensively satisfactory for practical use.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a new technique for toner charge control that overcomes these problems.

Another object of the present invention is to stabilize the amount of triboelectricity between toner particles, between a toner and a carrier, or between a toner and a toner carrier such as a sleeve in the case of -component development, and to maintain a stable frictional and charge amount distribution. The object of the present invention is to provide a developer that has a sharp and uniform charge and can be controlled to an amount of charge suitable for the developing system used.

Still another object is to develop a developer that is faithful to the latent image and to perform the transfer, that is, without toner adhesion in the background area during development, without fogging or toner scattering around the edges of the latent image. High image density can be obtained,
To provide a developer with good halftone reproducibility.

Still another object is to provide a developer that maintains its initial characteristics even when the developer is used continuously over a long period of time, and that causes no toner aggregation or change in charging characteristics.

Another objective is to develop a developer that reproduces stable images that are not affected by changes in temperature and humidity, especially a developer that has high transfer efficiency and does not cause scattering or transfer dropouts during transfer at high or low humidity. On offer.

Still another object is to provide a bright chromatic developer.

Still another object is to provide a developer with excellent storage stability that maintains its initial characteristics even during long-term storage.

Still another object is to provide a developer that does not stain, abrade, or scratch the electrostatic latent image surface and is easy to clean.

Still another object is to provide a developer that has good fixing properties, particularly a developer that does not have problems such as high-temperature offset.

Means and Effects for Solving the Problems] The present invention resides in a developer characterized by containing a compound represented by the following general formula [I].

(However, in the formula, RIIR2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group, or cycloalkyl group.) As R1+R2, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, hexyl group , an octyl group, an optionally branched alkyl group such as a dodecyl group; a methoxyethyl group,
Ethoxyethyl group, butoxyethyl group, chloroethyl group, dimethylaminoethyl group, cyclohexylethyl group,
Substituted alkyl groups such as cyclohexylethyl group and aminoheptadecyl group; alkenyl groups such as allyl group, butenyl group, pentenyl group, hexenyl group, and octadecenyl group; phenyl group, biphenylyl group, naphthyl group, tolyl group, butylphenyl group, butoxy Aryl group or substituted aryl group such as phenyl group, chlorophenyl group; heptaralkyl group or substituted aralkyl group such as benzyl group, phenethyl group, methylbenzyl group, methoxybenzyl group, dichlorobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, chlorocyclohexyl group, Examples include cycloalkyl groups or substituted cycloalkyl groups such as methoxycyclohexyl.

The present inventors have discovered that the compound represented by the above general formula [I] is stable over time and has low hygroscopicity, and when contained in a developer, provides a high quality developer with excellent electrophotographic properties. The present invention has been achieved by discovering that it is a charge control agent with excellent properties.

Typical specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula [I] include the following.

[Compound example] H3GHs 20) 141 L; 20H41 These compounds are synthesized by known methods.

That is, the corresponding disubstituted organic tin oxide is dispersed using benzene, toluene, xylene, or the like as a solvent, and alcohol is applied thereto. Tin alkoxide is synthesized by the dehydration reaction of alcohol and tin oxide. The reaction is carried out by boiling the dispersion solution and removing the water produced as a co-mixture during the reaction.

Generally, it is preferable that the above-mentioned compound is used for toner preparation as a particle size having an average particle size in the range of 10 to 0.01 g, particularly 5 to 0.1 p.

For example, compound example (1) is synthesized as follows.

Compound Example (1) can be easily obtained by dispersing dibutyltin oxide in toluene, adding octyl alcohol thereto, and boiling it.

Methods for incorporating the compound represented by the above general formula [I] into the developer include a method of adding it inside the developer and a method of adding it externally. When internally added, the amount of these compounds used is:
It is determined by the toner manufacturing method including the type of binder resin, the presence or absence of additives used as necessary, and the dispersion method, and is not uniquely limited, but preferably the binder resin 100 0.1 to 20 parts by weight (
More preferably, it is used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight.

Also, if externally added, it should be added to 100 parts by weight of resin.

0.01 to 10 parts by weight is desirable.

Furthermore, conventionally known charge control agents can be used in combination with the charge control agent of the present invention.

Colorants used in the present invention include carbon black, lamp black, iron black, ultramarine blue, nigrosine dye, aniline black, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, Hanzaie Iff-Q, tff-fmin 6
G lake, chrome yellow, quinacridone, benzidine yellow, rose bengal, triallylmethane dye,
Any conventionally known dyes and pigments such as monoazo dyes, disazo dyes and pigments, and anthraquinone dyes can be used alone or in combination.

The binder resin used in the present invention includes polystyrene,
Monopolymers of styrene and its substituted products such as poly-p-chlorostyrene and polyvinyltoluene; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-propylene copolymer, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene Copolymer, styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene - Ethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-α-methyl chloromethacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer.

Styrene-vinylethyl ether copolymer, styrene-
Vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-imprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, methyl 7-? L/ Styrenic copolymers such as inic acid ester copolymers; polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic Examples include acid resin, rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, phenol resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, chlorinated puttyfin, paraffin wax, etc., which can be used alone or in combination.

In particular, as binder resins suitable for pressure fixing, the following can be used alone or in combination.

Polyolefin (low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, polyethylene oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.), epoxy resin, polyester resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer (monomer ratio 5-30:95-70)
, olefin copolymers (ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-
methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ionomer resin), polyvinylpyrrolidone, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, maleic acid Modified phenolic resin, phenol-modified terpene resin.

Further, when the toner of the present invention is used as a two-component developer, it is used in combination with a carrier powder.

All known carriers can be used in the present invention, such as magnetic powders such as iron powder, ferrite powder, and nickel powder, glass beads, etc., and carriers whose surfaces have been treated with resin, etc. Things can be given.

Furthermore, the toner of the present invention can be used as a magnetic toner by containing a magnetic material. The magnetic materials contained in the magnetic toner of the present invention include iron oxides such as magnetite, hematite, and ferrite, metals such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, or these metals such as aluminum, cobalt, copper,
Examples include alloys with metals such as lead, magnesium, tin, zinc, antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, manganese, selenium, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium, and mixtures thereof.

These ferromagnetic materials preferably have an average particle size of about 0.1 to 2 JL, and are contained in the toner in an amount of about 20 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin component, particularly preferably 100 parts by weight of the resin component. 40 to 150 parts by weight.

The toner of the present invention may also contain additives, if necessary. Examples of additives include lubricants such as Teflon and zinc stearate, abrasives such as cerium oxide and silicon carbide, and colloidal additives. Fluidity imparting agents such as silica and aluminum oxide, anti-caking agents,
Alternatively, conductivity imparting agents such as carbon black and tin oxide, fixing aids such as low molecular weight polyethylene, etc. may also be used.

To prepare the toner for developing an electrostatic image according to the present invention, the charge control agent according to the present invention is added to a vinyl or non-vinyl thermoplastic resin, a pigment or dye as a coloring agent, and a magnetic material as necessary. The pigments are mixed thoroughly using a ball mill or other mixer, and then melted, kneaded, and kneaded using a heat kneader such as a heated roll, niegu, or extruder to make the resins mutually dissolve. Alternatively, a toner having an average particle size of 5 to 20 jL can be obtained by dispersing or dissolving the dye, cooling and solidifying it, and then crushing and classifying it.

Alternatively, the material can be obtained by dispersing the material in a binder resin solution and then spray-drying it, or by mixing the specified material with the monomers that should constitute the binder resin to form an emulsified suspension and then polymerizing it. Methods such as a polymerization method and a toner production method for obtaining a toner can be applied.

The toners prepared by these methods can be used for developing to visualize electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, etc. by conventionally known means, and have the following advantages: It produces a certain effect.

That is, the amount of frictional charge between toner particles is uniform, and the amount of charge can be easily controlled. Furthermore, the toner is extremely stable, with no variation or decrease in the amount of triboelectric charge due to deterioration during use. Therefore, problems such as development fog, toner scattering, and contamination of electrophotographic photosensitive materials and copying machines as described above are eliminated, and phenomena such as toner aggregation, clumping, and low-temperature flow during storage, which were major drawbacks in the past, are eliminated. It is a toner that can withstand long-term storage without causing any damage, and the abrasion resistance of toner images.
It also has excellent fixing and adhesive properties.

These excellent effects of the toner are further magnified when used in a repetitive transfer copying system in which the operations of charging, exposure, development, and transfer are repeated M times in succession. Further, since there is no color tone disturbance caused by the charge control agent, it is possible to form color images with excellent colors by using it as a color electrophotographic toner. "Example" The present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to Examples. However, this does not limit the present invention in any way, and all parts in the following formulations are by weight.

Example 1 Carbon black (Mitsubishi 1144) To part partial molecular weight polyethylene wax 2 parts Compound (1)
Two parts of the above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150°C. After the kneaded material was left to cool naturally, it was roughly pulverized using a cutter mill, then pulverized using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classified using an air classifier to obtain a fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20 IL. Ta.

A developer was prepared by mixing 5 parts of the fine powder with 100 parts of gearia iron powder having an average particle size of 50 to 80 mm.

Next, by a conventionally known electrophotographic method,
A negative electrostatic image was formed, and this was powder-developed using the above-mentioned developer using a magnetic brush method to create a toner image, which was transferred to plain paper and heat-fixed. The resulting transferred image had a sufficiently high density, no fogging, and no toner scattering around the image, resulting in a good image with high resolution. Transfer images were created continuously using the above developer to examine durability.
The transferred image after 30,000 sheets is also compared with the initial image,
It was a completely unremarkable image.

Further, during durability, the above-mentioned filming phenomenon related to toner on the photoreceptor was not observed at all, and no problems were found in the cleaning process. In addition, there were no troubles in the fixing process at this time, and at the end of the 30,000-sheet durability test, the fuser was disassembled and observed, and there were no scratches or damage to the rollers, and there was almost no dirt from offset toner, so there was no problem in practical use. There were no problems.

In addition, when the environmental conditions were set to 35°C and 85%, the image density was almost the same as at room temperature and humidity, clear images with no fogging or scattering were obtained, and the durability remained unchanged up to 30,000 sheets. . Next, a transferred and fixed image was obtained at a low temperature of 15°C and a low humidity of 10%, and the image density was sufficiently high, solid black was developed and transferred extremely smoothly, and the image was excellent with no scattering or hollow spots. Durability was carried out under these environmental conditions, and even though copies were made continuously and intermittently, the density variation was ±0.2 up to 30,000 copies, which was sufficient for practical use.

Comparative Example 1 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 parts of nigrosine dye (Nigrosine Base EX manufactured by Orient Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and development, transfer, and fixing were carried out in the same manner. I got the image.

At room temperature and humidity, there was little fog, but the image density was low at 1.06, line drawings were scattered, and solid black was noticeably rough. Durability was investigated and the density decreased to 0.83 after 30,000 sheets.

Also, during the durability test, after about 10,000 sheets, the toner material formed a film in the form of thin stripes on the surface of the photoreceptor and began to appear as lines on the image. This phenomenon is called filming, and is thought to be due to the charge control agent changing the lubricity of the toner powder, and there is a tendency for the toner powder to be easily filmed in, making it difficult to remove it from the roller.

When an image was obtained under conditions of 35° C. and 85%, the image density was as low as 0.88, and fogging, scattering, and roughness increased. Transfer efficiency was also low.

When an image was obtained under the conditions of 15° C. and 10%, the image density was as low as 0.81, and there was severe scattering, fogging, and roughness, and transfer omissions were noticeable. I tried to take continuous images, but 3
After approximately 0,000 sheets, the kyphosis density was 0.53, making it unpractical.

Example 2 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3 parts of compound (2) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and the development, transfer, and
Fixation was performed and an image was obtained in the same manner.

The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and satisfactory results almost the same as in Example 1 were obtained.

Example 3 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2 parts of compound (3) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and development, transfer, and
Fixation was performed and an image was obtained in the same manner.

The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and almost the same satisfactory results as in Example 1 were obtained.

Example 4 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2 parts of compound (4) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and development, transfer, and
Fixation was performed and an image was obtained in the same manner.

The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and almost the same satisfactory results as in Example 1 were obtained.

Example 5 (Weight average molecular weight Mw: approx. 300,000) 100 parts Triiron tetroxide EPT-500 (Toda Kogyo Department) eo part Partial molecular weight polypropylene wax 2 parts Compound (1) 2 parts After mixing the above materials well with a blender The mixture was kneaded using two rolls heated to 150'0. After the kneaded material was left to cool naturally, it was roughly pulverized using a cutter mill, then pulverized using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classified using an air classifier to obtain a fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20 IL. Ta.

Next, hydrophobic colloidal silica R was added to 100 parts of the fine powder.
0.4 part of -1372 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was mixed in a sample mill to prepare a -component magnetic toner.

When this toner was applied to a commercially available copying machine (trade name: MP-1502, manufactured by Canon ■) and an image was produced, good results similar to those of Example 1 were obtained.

Example 6 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that 3 parts of compound (2) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and development, transfer, and fixing were carried out in the same manner. I got it.

The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and almost the same satisfactory results as in Example 5 were obtained.

Example 7 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that 2 parts of compound (3) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and development, transfer, and fixing were carried out in the same manner as in Example 5. I got it.

The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and almost the same satisfactory results as in Example 5 were obtained.

Comparative Example 2 In place of 2 parts of compound (1) in Example 5, 2 parts of benzyl-dimethyl-hexadecyl ammonium chloride
A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the developer was used, and an image was obtained in the same manner. At room temperature and humidity, there is little fog, but the image density is 0.
．． At 81, the line drawings were scattered and the solid black was noticeably rough. I checked the durability, but the density was 0 after 30,000 sheets.
．． It dropped to 48.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned filming phenomenon during durability and problems in the fixing process were almost the same as those in Comparative Example 1, and were undesirable.

When an image was obtained under conditions of 35° C. and 85%, the image density was as low as 0.72, and fogging, scattering, and roughness increased, making it unusable. Transfer efficiency was also low. When an image was obtained under the conditions of 15° C. and 10%, the image density was as low as 0.73, and there was severe scattering, fogging, roughness, and transfer omissions were noticeable. Continuous image formation was performed, but the density was 0.58 when printing ao and ooo sheets, making it impractical.

Example 8 Copper phthalocyanine blue pigment 5 parts Low molecular weight polypropylene wax 2 parts Compound (1) 2 parts The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150"C. The kneaded product was left to cool naturally. After coarsely pulverizing with a cutter mill, pulverizing with a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classifying with an air classifier to obtain a fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20.

Next, 50 g of carrier iron powder having a particle size of 5 to 80 g was mixed with 100 parts of the fine powder to prepare a developer.

When this developer was used to develop an image using the developing method shown in Figure 1, a good image with a bright blue color was obtained, and after 1500 images, the toner/carrier amount was 10g to 150g. However, there was almost no change in the image density, and after that, while replenishing toner,
Even after printing up to 10,000 images, good images were obtained.

To explain this developing method, in FIG. 1, l is an electrostatic image holder, 2 is a toner carrier, 3 is a hopper, and 52
5 is a magnetic brush made of a carrier toner mixture, 58 is a toner thickness regulating blade, 5o is a fixed magnet, 6 is a developing bias, and 5 is a toner.

That is, the magnetic brush 52 formed on the toner carrier 2 is circulated by rotating the toner carrier 2, and the toner in the hopper 3 is taken in and coated in a thin layer uniformly on the hopper 2.Then, the toner is carried. The body 2 and the electrostatic image holding body 1 are opposed to each other with a gap greater than the thickness of the toner layer, and the toner 5 on the body 2 is developed by flying onto the electrostatic charge image on the body 1.

The thickness of the toner layer is controlled by the size of the magnetic brush 52, i.e. the amount of carrier, and the regulating blade 58. 1 and 2
A developing bias of 6 may be applied by making the gap between the toner and the toner layer larger than the thickness of the toner layer.

The evaluation results of each example and comparative example are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 O good, Δ slightly bad, x bad Sada 1; × Go E Ku Ko Ku ] silkworm One [Effect of the invention] The effects obtained by the present invention are as follows.

(1) The amount of charge between toner particles or between toner and carrier, or between toner and a toner carrier such as a sleeve in the case of -component development is stable, and the distribution of triboelectric charge is sharp and uniform; It is a developer that can control the amount of charge to suit the developing system used.

(2) The developer is capable of faithfully developing and transferring a latent image, maintains its initial characteristics even when used continuously over a long period of time, and does not cause toner aggregation or change in charging characteristics.

(3) A developer that can reproduce stable images that are not affected by changes in temperature and humidity, and that can also produce images in vivid chromatic colors.

(4) It is a developer that does not stain, rub or scratch the electrostatic latent image surface, has an easy cleaning process, has excellent fixing properties, and has no problem with high-temperature offset, etc.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a developing device to which the positively chargeable toner according to the present invention can be applied. 1... Electrostatic image carrier, 2... Toner carrier. 5... Toner, 50... Magnet, 52... Magnetic brush, 58... Regulation blade.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A toner for developing electrostatic images, characterized by containing a compound represented by the following general formula [I]. ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ [I] (However, in the formula, R_1 and R_2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group, or cycloalkyl group.)