JPS61270075A - Manufacture of grinding wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To grind a soft, ungrindable material as well as to make a work of high load and low grinding speed grindable, by forming a solid lubricant plating layer on a grinding wheel. CONSTITUTION:A grinding wheel consists of the following method that super abrasive grains 1 are fixed on a base metal (base plate) 2 by means of an electrodeposition process, on top of which a plating film (bond) 3 mixing and including a solid lubricant and wear-proof powder applied to chemical plating is bonded. At this time, a plating bond 4 by the electrodeposition process has thickness commensurate to 40-60% of an abrasive grain diameter, and the plating film 3 including the solid lubricant and the wear-proof powder formed on this plating bond 4 has thickness commensurate to 20-50% of a super abrasive grain diameter. With the grinding wheel formed like this, a soft, ungrindable material can be ground and, what is more, a work is grindable at high load and low grinding speed.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) Manufacture of grinding wheels used for grinding soft, difficult-to-machine materials such as austenitic stainless steel, and for grinding in a high-load, low-grinding-speed environment. Regarding the method.

(Prior art) Generally available electrodeposited grindstones are those with superabrasive grains such as diamond or CBN fixed by electrodeposition or chemical plating, but these grindstones are made of austenitic stainless steel (for example, When grinding soft, difficult-to-cut materials such as HA5US304), the grinding powder adheres to the pound metal and the grinding wheel becomes clogged, or when these clogged pieces are mechanically peeled off, the abrasive grains also fall off, resulting in a premature end to the life of the grinding wheel. However, it could not be used because it caused peeling and chatter on the grinding surface. In addition, the environment during grinding is high load (20-100 f/c! II) and low grinding speed (
Grinding was not possible with a general electrodeposited grindstone under severe grinding conditions (300'/min or less).

(Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention) The present invention aims to solve all of the defects of conventional grinding wheels and to provide a complete method for manufacturing a grinding wheel that is capable of grinding soft and difficult-to-cut materials and processing at high loads and low grinding speeds. purpose.

(Means for solving the problem) For this reason, the present invention provides an abrasive grain diameter of 40 to 60
% is embedded and fixed on a substrate, i.e., a base metal, by an electrodeposition method, and then a single layer of a solid lubricant or a layer of a mixture of a solid lubricant and fine powder of a wear-resistant substance is entirely superabrased by a composite chemical plating method. A method for manufacturing a grinding wheel characterized in that the grinding wheel is formed as a layer having a grain size of 20 to 50 inches thick.

(Welding and grinding of soft materials) In the friction between two surfaces of metal welding, the welding that occurs at the protrusion contact part of the two surfaces is a mere mechanical adhesion (intertok
There are various types, from welding (we!Aing) to welding (we!Aing) + chemical reaction, so they are classified into each type. In short, welding is influenced by surface pressure, welding speed, temperature, surface condition, affinity, and atmosphere. In grinding wheels, the temperature of the friction surface is especially high, so welding easily occurs.The soft and malleable material easily responds to irregularities on the contact surface and other changes in geometric shape, resulting in adhesion between abrasive grains and bonding. Welding easily occurs. Mechanical adhesion can be prevented by the centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the grinding wheel and the oil film of the grinding oil, but in the case of welding, preventive measures are essential. Welding is a combination of a surface with a metal that has little affinity for simple sliding friction surfaces, that is, the solid solubility of the mutual materials, and their relative positions on the periodic table.The strength of the welding depends on the relative sizes of atoms, crystal lattices, etc. Although it is related to the holding force, the difficulty in welding under the same conditions is that those with a small friction coefficient between friction surfaces are less likely to fully weld. Tables 1 and 2 show friction coefficients selected from all literature for combinations of various work materials and one-piece tool materials.

Table 1 Relationship between welding type, friction coefficient, and wear (OoffiQ) Table 2 Friction coefficient for combinations tK of various processing materials and tool materials (Merchant)
"Cutting fluids and their effects" (Sansui, Suzuki) 54 pages (Published by Asakura Shoten) (Configuration of bonded grinding wheel with low friction coefficient) The environment during grinding is high load (20~Zoosu J7cd) and low grinding speed (a o Under severe grinding conditions that require a full load (0 m/min), it is necessary to prevent wear of the bond metal from adhesion, and it has been found that lowering the friction coefficient of the bond surface is effective for this purpose. In order to lower the coefficient of friction during grinding, it is necessary to improve the grinding oil and grinding wheel. In particular, in the case of grinding wheels (tools) manufactured by electrodeposition, the plating bond that acts as a bond is a member of the group 8 on the periodic table (group 8, Fθ, Ni, Co)
is used, and the workpiece material is ferrous metals, steel, stainless steel (5
US304), etc., are homologous on the periodic table and are susceptible to welding of chips, so it is effective to lower the coefficient of friction of the bond.

As a method for reducing the coefficient of friction of the bond of an electrodeposited grindstone (tool), it is naturally effective to disperse and include a solid lubricant such as MO82 (molybdenum disulfide) or hBN (orthogonal boron nitride). There are two methods: electroplating and chemical plating.The manufacturing process of each method is difficult due to its essential structure (the lower layer is a single layer of abrasive grains), and the accuracy of the shape of the alloy is limited by the grindstone (tool). To maintain the shape of the tool (grindstone) corner, Ri etc.
Chemical plating without the corner effect of the electric field generated by electroplating is effective, and the present inventor has researched and developed a grinding wheel with bonded gold containing lubricants and anti-wear agents by using this chemical plating together, and has finally achieved a new one. be.

(Example) As shown in Figure 1, the grinding wheel is basically a super abrasive grain (1) fixed on an alloy (substrate) (2) using a full electrodeposition method, and a solid lubricant coated with chemical plating applied above the superabrasive grain (1). It consists of a plating film (bond) (3) 71. containing a complete mixture of additives and wear-resistant powders. The plating bond (4) formed by electrodeposition is Ou.

Both Co and Ni are effective, but the abrasive grains are fixed by nickel plating using a bright nickel sulfamate bath for mechanical strength and economical reasons.

The film containing the lubricant and anti-friction agent is made of nickel-phosphorus (tu).
-p) and nickel-boron (Ni-B) plating methods are effective, but due to the stability and economic efficiency of the solution, commercially available N1-P solutions and general N1-P plating base solutions, such as nickel sulfate (Ni-B) plating methods, are effective.
iS0.6H,O) 0.1moULPH4,5-5.
Secondary phosphate-free soda (NaH2PO1) 0.2mo4
/Z liquid temperature 85-95℃ Metal ion complexing agent (riconate, etc.) 0.1m01/Stabilizer (sodium succinate, malic acid, etc.) 0.1-0.2mot/Powder dispersing agent (dodecyl sulfates, etc.) 1. If f/ is less than 0 of the lubricant or anti-wear agent
．． Fabricated in a plating bath to which 2-5 fv/5-5 micron powder was added.

Next, some examples will be explained in detail.

B) Comparative grinding conditions for grinding 8US304 (soft difficult-to-cut material) Grinding wheel dimensions φ85X8.5TX31.75H11 Number of revolutions 3.85 Orpm ・〃 Depth of cut 0.02WLM/pass・Grinded material SUS 304 (Austenitic stainless steel) (B) - In the case of 1-table dry grinding (1 pass =
20 om) (See Figure 2) (A)-2 Table In the case of wet grinding (See Figure 3) (1 pass = 1,600g
) (Basic embedding, embedding % by electrodeposition method) In comparison with dry grinding of the material to be ground 5US304, &3 & 4, which were embedded by dispersion plating by more than 30%, did not become clogged even after grinding for more than 60 passes. While it is possible to continue grinding, an ordinary electroplated grindstone without dispersion plating (Ya 1)
The plugging life is reached with tapass, but dispersion plating 1
At 5% (A2), the life span is 36 pa813. In addition, when comparing dispersion plating with hBN i dispersant as a dispersant in wet grinding and basic embedded chip, in the case of basic plating of 40 chips or less and dispersion plating of 1 s % (A2), the life is reached at '17 Q pass, and the basic plating is 45 to 50. 15% dispersion plating
(/L3), the service life ends after 30 passes, but when the basic plating is 45 to 50% and the dispersion plating is 30%, it is possible to continue grinding even after 40 passes or more. Also, the vitrified whetstone, which is a non-electrodeposited whetstone, has a WA+80
．． A normal whetstone of 7 has no grinding ability at all, Z paS8.

In the case of SSOC (green material) dry grinding (see Figure 4) Grinding conditions Grinding wheel dimensions φ8 sxs, s'rx31.75
1 Number of revolutions 3.85 Orpm Depth of cut 0.05g/pass Material to be ground 550CHRB 90 Grinding liquid (without grinding fluid) table (see Fig. 4) 1 pass=
When comparing the effects of S50 & (HRB150), which are other than 1,600xx SUS304 and tend to clog with raw materials, compared to ordinary electrodeposited grindstones (boiled 1
) reaches its clogging life at 12 pa[38, whereas Si
C, those with 30-40% hBN dispersion plating are 40
Even after grinding to pa88 or higher, the service life has not reached the end and it is possible to continue grinding.

C) Comparison with high load and grinding (see Figure 5) Initial grinding pressure 3
0, Excitation angle 15°, Depth of cut 0.03 m/pa 8” No dispersion plating and Dispersion plating 11BN 10-15% grinding wheel has a grinding length of 0.63-0.65 and a back force of 612-772/ At 25% to 30%, grinding becomes impossible, but when the grinding length is 098 m, the thrust force is as low as 120'y/y.

(C) Table Grinding conditions Refer to Figure 5 1) The thickness of the plating layer by electrodeposition is 40% of the diameter of the abrasive grains.
The above is necessary.

11) The thickness of the plating layer containing the dispersant must be at least 20 inches thicker than the abrasive grain size.

That is, the dispersion plated layer containing a dispersant is weak to electrodeposition and has poor abrasive grain retention, so it is necessary to have an electrodeposition layer of at least 40% or more. In addition, the plating layer containing the dispersant is 5
0% is the limit. In other words, there is 60% left over from the electroplating method (40%), but if this amount is completely filled in with both dispersion plating, there will be no protrusion of the abrasive grains, and no chips will escape, making grinding impossible. In practical terms, the results show that 2o
% or more, the effective life will be shortened. Therefore, as shown in the claims, 4o to eo% of the diameter of the superabrasive grains is fixed by electrodeposition, and furthermore, chemical plating is applied above it. By dispersion plating, a layer of a mixture of fine powder of a lubricant or wear-resistant substance is formed with a thickness of 20 to 50% of the particle size.
A grinding wheel of 0 to 90 inches is proposed for practical use.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is (a)
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of Table -1, FIG. 3 is of Table (A)-2, FIG. 4 is of Table (B), and FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of Table (C). 1... Super abrasive grinding material 2... Base Metal 3... Dispersion plating layer (composite chemical plating layer) 4... Electroplating layer

Claims (1)

[Claims] 40 to 60% of the abrasive grain diameter of the superabrasive abrasive material is embedded and fixed on the substrate, that is, the base metal, by electrodeposition, and then a single layer of solid lubricant or a layer of solid lubricant is applied above it by composite chemical plating. A mixture layer with fine powder of wear-resistant material is formed using super abrasive grains with a diameter of 20~
A method for manufacturing a grinding wheel, characterized in that the grinding wheel is formed as a layer having a thickness of 50%.