【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
本発明は抽出機、更に詳しくは容器の振動を該
容器内に充填されている抽剤及び抽料に圧縮・膨
張の繰り返し現象として伝播することにより極め
て効率的な抽出をすることができる抽出機に関す
る。
抽料中の抽質を抽剤中へ移行させる抽出は、固
液又は液液抽出等の形態で、多くの産業分野にお
いて広く利用されている。例えば、製薬工場や食
品工場では固体である天然物から有効成分を固液
抽出し、また化学工場では蒸留操作で分離不能な
成分を溶解度の差で液液抽出している。
従来、かかる抽出に各種の機械乃至装置が使用
されている。最も簡単には、容器内に抽料と抽剤
とを充填し、そのまま静置又は付設の撹拌機で撹
拌して固液抽出するものがある。また、大豆油を
抽出する場合のように、抽料をスクリユーで移送
しつつ抽剤を向流接触させて固液抽出するものが
ある。更に、スプレー塔、多孔板塔又は撹拌を伴
なう回転板式抽出塔の如き塔式装置により上部か
ら重液を供給しつつ下部から軽液を供給して液液
抽出するものもある。
ところが、これらの従来の抽出機には、抽料と
抽剤とが連続的に活性化状態とならず、したがつ
て抽出効率が悪いという欠点がある。すなわち、
前述の固液抽出の場合、抽料と抽剤とを撹拌し又
は向流接触させても、抽料内部の抽質の移動は静
的移動であつて、該移動に時間がかかつている。
また、前述の液液抽出の場合、どちらかの液の気
泡が多孔板や回転板等の作用で崩壊又は発生する
ときに主な物質移動が起こるので、そのような作
用がないときは殆んど無駄な時間となつている。
本発明者は、叙上の従来欠点を解消する新たな
抽出機について鋭意研究した結果、ある種の自由
運動をなし得るように支持した容器全体へ、該容
器内に充填の抽剤及び抽料に圧縮・膨張の繰り返
し現象として伝播される調整振動を与えると、そ
の振幅や振幅数によつても影響されるが、上記繰
り返し現象が抽剤と抽料との関係を連続的に活性
化状態として、極めて効率的に抽出がされること
を見出し、本発明を完成するに至つた。
以下、図面に基づいて本発明の構成を詳細に説
明するが、本発明は、容器の形状等、これらに限
定されるものではない。
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す側面図、第２
図は使用状態をも含む第１図のＡ−Ａ線断面図で
ある。断面Ｕ字形でやや胴長の本体１と該本体１
に各々のフランジ部でネジ止めされている蓋体２
とからなる容器３が弾性体であるスプリング４，
５，６，７（但し、スプリング７は図示しない）
で基台８に支持され、容器３には図示しない駆動
モータに連結の振動発生源９が容器３全体を前述
の如く調整振動させるためその水平バランスを維
持する中央位置に取付けられている。
図面は、回分式で固液抽出機する場合の例であ
るが、図示しない駆動モータで振動発生源９を作
動して容器３を調整振動させると、該容器３の内
壁面における調整振動が内部に充填されている抽
料及び抽剤ａに圧縮・膨張の繰り返し現象として
伝播される。かかる繰り返し現象は、振動発生源
９による容器３の振動数及び振幅によつて圧縮・
膨張の周期や程度が影響され、これは例えば容器
３内の抽剤中に手を入れるだけでも明らかに確認
されるのであるが、該現象により抽剤液面はさざ
波状を呈し、これが抽料に与える状態は丁度水を
含んだスポンジを圧縮・膨張させるが如き状態で
あつて、固体である抽料内部の抽質を抽剤中へ移
行させて抽出するに誠に好適である。
本実施例は回分式であるため、抽剤中の抽質濃
度が平衡溶解度まで達すると、新たに抽剤を交換
しなければならないが、漢方薬の抽出実験では、
従来の簡単な撹拌機付抽出機に比べ、抽出時間は
1/2〜1/3程度で完了することができる。
第３図は本発明の他の一実施例を示す側面図で
ある。複数の多孔板１０を内蔵する竪型円筒形の
容器１１が弾性体であるスプリング１２，１３，
１４，１５で基台１６に支持され、容器１１には
図示しない駆動モータに連結の振動発生源１７〜
２２が容器１１全体を前述の如く調整振動させる
ためその水平バランスを維持する左右対称位置に
取付けられている。
図面は、連続式で液液抽出をする場合の例であ
るが、前述の実施例の場合と同様に容器１１を調
整振動させて、下部より軽液を供給し、上部より
重液を供給して両液を向流接触させると、軽液は
重液中を泡状で上昇しつつ多孔板部分で細粒化さ
れ、その泡は多孔板間でも分裂・集合が繰り返さ
れて、更にその形状も常に変化する状態が観察さ
れる。本実施例によれば、従来の多孔板塔に比
べ、塔高さは1/2程度で同等の抽出効率を得るこ
とができる。
〈試験例〉
第１図及び第２図に示した実施例を用い（本体
の長さ600mm、本体の幅300mm、本体の高さ500
mm、振動発生源は偏心錘）、本体中に高さ300mmま
で水を装填し、振動発生源を駆動モータで回転さ
せて、本体を振動させた。振動方向は本体の長さ
方向に対して垂直にした。第１表に記載した振動
数（回／分）×全振幅（mm）の組合せ条件下で試
験し、水面の状態を目視するとともに水中へ手を
挿入して圧縮・膨張の程度を確認した（蓋体は取
り外して行なつた）。結果は第１表の通りであつ
た。
The present invention relates to an extractor, and more specifically, an extractor that can perform extremely efficient extraction by propagating the vibration of a container to the extractant and extract material filled in the container as a repeated phenomenon of compression and expansion. Regarding. Extraction in which the extract in the extract is transferred to the extractant is widely used in many industrial fields in the form of solid-liquid or liquid-liquid extraction. For example, in pharmaceutical factories and food factories, active ingredients are extracted from solid natural products as solid-liquid, and in chemical factories, components that cannot be separated by distillation are extracted as liquid-liquid based on the difference in solubility. Conventionally, various machines and devices have been used for such extraction. The simplest method is to fill a container with extractant and extraction agent and leave it as is or stir it with an attached stirrer to perform solid-liquid extraction. In addition, as in the case of extracting soybean oil, there is a method in which solid-liquid extraction is carried out by bringing the extracting agent into countercurrent contact while transporting the extractant with a screw. Furthermore, there is also a method for liquid-liquid extraction in which a heavy liquid is supplied from the upper part and a light liquid is supplied from the lower part using a tower type apparatus such as a spray tower, a perforated plate tower, or a rotating plate type extraction tower with stirring. However, these conventional extractors have the disadvantage that the extract and the extractant are not continuously activated, resulting in poor extraction efficiency. That is,
In the case of the above-mentioned solid-liquid extraction, even if the extraction material and the extraction agent are stirred or brought into contact with each other in countercurrent flow, the movement of the extract inside the extraction material is static movement, and this movement takes time.
In addition, in the case of liquid-liquid extraction mentioned above, the main mass transfer occurs when bubbles in either liquid collapse or generate due to the action of a perforated plate, rotating plate, etc., so when there is no such action, there is almost no mass transfer. It's become a waste of time. As a result of intensive research on a new extraction machine that eliminates the conventional drawbacks mentioned above, the inventor of the present invention has discovered that the extracting agent and extracting agent are filled into the entire container, which is supported to allow some kind of free movement. When we apply adjustment vibrations that are propagated as repeated compression/expansion phenomena to As a result, they have discovered that extraction can be carried out extremely efficiently, leading to the completion of the present invention. Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be explained in detail based on the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these, such as the shape of the container. Figure 1 is a side view showing one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a side view showing one embodiment of the present invention;
The figure is a sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1, including the state of use. A main body 1 with a U-shaped cross section and a slightly long body;
The lid body 2 is screwed at each flange part to
A spring 4 whose container 3 is an elastic body,
5, 6, 7 (however, spring 7 is not shown)
A vibration generating source 9 connected to a drive motor (not shown) is mounted on the container 3 at a central position to adjust the vibration of the entire container 3 as described above and maintain its horizontal balance. The drawing shows an example of a batch-type solid-liquid extractor, but when the vibration generator 9 is operated by a drive motor (not shown) to vibrate the container 3, the adjustment vibration on the inner wall surface of the container 3 is generated internally. It is propagated to the extractant and extractant a filled in the extractor as a repeated phenomenon of compression and expansion. This repeated phenomenon is caused by compression and vibration caused by the vibration frequency and amplitude of the container 3 caused by the vibration source 9.
The period and degree of expansion are affected, and this can be clearly confirmed by simply placing one's hand into the extraction agent in the container 3. Due to this phenomenon, the extraction agent liquid surface takes on a ripple pattern, which causes the extraction agent to This condition is similar to compressing and expanding a sponge containing water, and is very suitable for transferring the extract inside the solid extract into the extractant for extraction. Since this example is a batch method, once the extract concentration in the extraction agent reaches the equilibrium solubility, the extraction agent must be replaced.
Compared to a conventional simple extractor with a stirrer, the extraction time is shorter.
It can be completed in about 1/2 to 1/3. FIG. 3 is a side view showing another embodiment of the present invention. A vertical cylindrical container 11 containing a plurality of perforated plates 10 is made of elastic springs 12, 13,
Vibration generating sources 17 to 14 are supported by a base 16 at 14 and 15, and connected to a drive motor (not shown) in the container 11.
22 are mounted at symmetrical positions to maintain horizontal balance in order to adjust and vibrate the entire container 11 as described above. The drawing shows an example of continuous liquid-liquid extraction, in which the container 11 is adjusted and vibrated to supply light liquid from the bottom and heavy liquid from the top, as in the case of the previous embodiment. When the two liquids are brought into countercurrent contact, the light liquid rises in the heavy liquid in the form of bubbles and becomes fine particles at the perforated plate, and the bubbles repeat splitting and aggregation between the perforated plates, further changing their shape. A constantly changing state is also observed. According to this example, compared to a conventional perforated plate column, the column height can be approximately 1/2 and the same extraction efficiency can be obtained. <Test example> Using the example shown in Figures 1 and 2 (main body length 600 mm, main body width 300 mm, main body height 500 mm)
mm, the vibration source was an eccentric weight), water was loaded into the main body to a height of 300 mm, and the vibration source was rotated by a drive motor to vibrate the main body. The vibration direction was perpendicular to the length direction of the main body. Tests were conducted under the combination of vibration frequency (times/min) x total amplitude (mm) listed in Table 1, and the state of the water surface was visually observed and the degree of compression and expansion was confirmed by inserting a hand into the water ( (The lid was removed.) The results were as shown in Table 1.
【表】
尚、振動数1450回／分×全振幅３mmの条件下で
行なつた漢方薬の水抽出試験では、抽出エキス分
の色調を指標にすると、従来の撹拌機付抽出機に
比べ、1/2〜1/3の抽出時間で完了した。
また、第３図に示した実施例を用い（容器の直
径200mm、容器の高さ2000mm、振動発生源は偏心
錘）、下部より油をそして上部より水をそれぞれ
等量づつ連続供給しつつ、振動発生源を駆動モー
タで回転させて、容器を振動数1450回／分×全振
幅３mmで振動させ、振動方向を容器の高さ方向に
対して平行、垂直、45度の３方向にして試験した
ところ、容器の下方から500mm及び1500mmの位置
に設けた覗窓から内部を観察すると、振動方向45
度の場合が最適であつた。[Table] In addition, in a water extraction test of Chinese herbal medicine conducted under the conditions of a vibration frequency of 1450 times/min and a total amplitude of 3 mm, when the color tone of the extracted extract was used as an index, compared to a conventional extractor with a stirrer, The extraction time was completed in 1/2 to 1/3 of the time. In addition, using the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 (container diameter 200 mm, container height 2000 mm, vibration source is eccentric weight), while continuously supplying equal amounts of oil from the bottom and water from the top, The vibration source was rotated by a drive motor to vibrate the container at a frequency of 1450 vibrations/min x total amplitude of 3 mm, and the vibration direction was tested in three directions: parallel, perpendicular, and 45 degrees to the height direction of the container. When we observed the inside of the container through viewing windows installed at 500 mm and 1500 mm from the bottom, we found that the vibration direction was 45 mm.
The optimal case was
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す側面図、第２
図は第１図のＡ−Ａ線断面図、第３図は本発明の
他の実施例を示す側面図である。
１……本体、２……蓋体、３，１１……容器、
４〜６，１２〜１５……スプリング、８，１６…
…基台、９，１７〜２２……振動発生源、１０…
…多孔板。
Figure 1 is a side view showing one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a side view showing one embodiment of the present invention;
The figure is a sectional view taken along the line A--A in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a side view showing another embodiment of the present invention. 1... Main body, 2... Lid, 3, 11... Container,
4-6, 12-15... Spring, 8, 16...
...Base, 9,17-22...Vibration source, 10...
...Perforated plate.