JPS61235499A - Fluid composition for processing metal - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to water-soluble metalworking compositions, and specifically to water-soluble lubricants and coolants. The metalworking compositions of the present invention are used in commercial applications such as drilling, milling, tapping, boring, turning and cutting steel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Several aqueous metalworking fluid compositions are known in the art. T%ri-nsky
), U.S. Pat. No. 2,917,160, relates to water-soluble lubricating compositions comprising an ethoxylated amine and a salt-forming acid, such as phosphoric or lactic acid. According to Teyulinski, the lubricating composition must have a pH of 1-18 and is useful in an aqueous emulsion at a ratio of 1 part amine to 3 parts water.

A similar water-based cutting fluid is Slwh-α
n) in US Pat. No. 3,186,946. The cutting fluid is a tertiary ethoxylated amine reacted with boric acid in an aqueous solution to form an amine salt.

Other aqueous metalworking compositions are also known in the art. US Pat. No. 3,195,332 to Ranauto discloses aqueous lubricating compositions containing polyoxyethylene imidacillin. Corrosion inhibitors such as sodium nitrate, triethanolamine or morpholine are also included. Shapiro (Shgi
U.S. Pat. No. 2,990,369 to RO) discloses metalworking compositions particularly suited for cutting and grinding titanium. This aqueous lubricant composition contains sodium fluoride, high molecular weight imidacillin, silicon fluoride, and rosin amine ethylene oxide adduct.

U.S. Patent No. 3,265,6 of Hyman (H11i 籏誂)
No. 20 is ethanolamine, alkali metal nitrite,
The present invention also discloses an aqueous metal blade Roe coolant comprising an aryltriazole that is at least one of benzotriazole and 4-nitrobenzotriazole. Hyman discloses that such compositions should preferably contain a chelating agent such as an aminopolycarboxylic acid.

Other metalworking compositions that are emulsified in water include U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,485 to Chick et al.
Disclosed in the issue. This composition contains an ester formed by reacting alkenylsuccinic anhydride or alkenylsuccinic anhydride with a tertiary alkylamine containing a hydroxyl group, such as triethanolamine mataha hydroxypolyetheramine. The composition may contain a C2-CtO monocarboxylic acid. When the product is formed by the reaction of alkenylsuccinic anhydride or alkenylsuccinic anhydride with a hydroxypolyetheramine, the composition contains a rosin soap in addition to, or in place of, the monocarboxylic acid.

Waldman U.S. Patent No. 3.
No. 280,029 relates to improved lubricating oils and compositions for aqueous emulsions containing alkylamino monoalkanols such as monoethylamine ethanol, diethylaminoethanol and diethylamine ethoxyethanol. U.S. Pat. No. 4,043,925 to Falton discloses a block copolymer of polypropylene oxide in the center and polyethylene oxide at each end, a chlorosulfonated fatty acid, an alkoxylated 1,5-azapentene, and water. The present invention relates to an aqueous gold scrap molding composition containing potassium oxide. Forsb-
#rσ) US Pat. No. 4,329,249 relates to the formation of nitrogen-containing, phosphorus-free carboxylic acid derivatives. These derivatives are formed by reacting carboxylic acylating agents with alkylmonoalkoxy tertiary amines and are useful for loading oil-soluble, water-soluble functional additives into aqueous functional fluids, such as aqueous pressure fluids. It is.

Other metalworking fluids related to some of the characteristics of the metalworking fluids of the present invention include Riadr.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,802 to Chakrabarti, U.S. Pat. No. 4.177.1 to Chakrabarti.
No. 54 and Paiswanger (B 8-vanget)
) etc. are disclosed in the same No. 3,933,658. Additionally, phosphorus-based tris(jetanolamide) additives have been described in Wears Vol. 50 (1978) i for aqueous and ethylene glycol-based pressure fluids and lubricants.
l? pp. 365-369, Ludomir (13domir)
), Tokarzewski
), Zakrzewski, Wachowicz and Zazapaniak (5) kC. Other Phosphate PA7J compositions are disclosed in Borland Patent No. 116.962 to Stepaniyak et al.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, these metalworking fluids have several drawbacks that the metalworking fluid of the present invention seeks to eliminate or minimize. The metalworking compositions of the present invention are synthesized by simply mixing the components, unlike some metalworking fluids that require the components to react with each other to form the metalworking fluid. .

Although there are many metalworking fluids that do not require chemical reactions of components with each other, there are also metalworking compositions that require higher proportions of relatively expensive active ingredients than relatively inexpensive ingredients, and are therefore more expensive. There are many.

Some metal blade roe compositions have the additional disadvantage of requiring ingredients that can be a health hazard to the user. For example, many metalworking fluids used in the past contained nitrites, which have recently been implicated in the conversion of certain chemicals into carcinogens. It was recognized. For example, the United States Environmental Protection Agency recently promulgated a rule prohibiting the addition of nitrosating agents, such as nitrites, to substituted organic acid triethanolamine salts when used in metalworking fluids. The carcinogenic tendency of such materials has been demonstrated in animal experiments.
(Federal Register, Vol. 49, No. 1
No. 16, June 14, 1984, Rules and
(Ragrations) This difficulty is circumvented by the present invention, which provides good overall processing properties without the inclusion of nitrosating agents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In general, the present invention is a water-bathable gold-tin processing composition containing a relatively large alkoxylated amine, an alkanolamine, and an acid-derived compound; Amines are generally written as:

However, in the above formula, R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group, an alkoxy group, and a polyalkoxy group, and R2
FiC is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon groups of 7 or more, and R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy groups and polyalkoxy groups.

Alkanolamines are generally selected from the group consisting of O R4 is hydrogen, a Cl-C6 hydrocarbon group, and an alkoxy group consisting essentially of ethoxy, 2-propoxy, 2-butoxy and mixtures thereof. selected from the group consisting of monomeric alkoxy groups and polymeric alkoxy groups. R5 is a cl-c6 hydrocarbon group and essentially alkoxy units are ethoxy, 2-propoxy, 2
- monomeric alkoxy groups selected from the group consisting of butoxy and mixtures thereof; and polymeric alkoxy groups. Rati, essentially selected from the group consisting of alkoxy moieties of monomers and polymers in which the alkoxy units are selected from the group consisting of ethoxy, 2-propoxy, 2-butoxy and mixtures thereof. R
4* R5 and R6 are further selected such that the alkanolamine contains no more than 6 alkoxy units in total.

The acid-derived compounds encompassed by this invention are selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, organic acids and their salts. It is a composition for metal processing. The large alkoxylated amines of the present invention are relatively large amines generally described by the following formula.

R2 is a relatively large hydrocarbon group selected from 07 or more hydrocarbon groups. These hydrocarbon groups are generally alkyl or alkenyl groups, but may also be aryl groups such as benzyl, methylbenzyl or dimethoxybenzyl, and alkylphenyl such as nonylphenyl.

However, alkyl and alkenyl groups are preferred. Polyalkoxy groups are not included. More preferred are about C12 to about C020 hydrocarbon groups such as stearyl, oleyl, palmyl, lylyl, soyα, lauryl, myristyl and tallow groups. stearyl, oleyl, tsuya, coco
and mellow groups are most preferred.

R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbon groups, alkoxy groups and polyalkoxy groups. Hydrocarbon groups are aryl, alkyl or alkenyl groups such as phenyl, stearyl, oleyl, tsuya, coco and tallow. Alkyl or alkenyl groups are preferred. it t
is selected independently of R2, but when R1 is a hydrocarbon group, it is preferred that R1 is the same as R2.

This is because when preparing an alkoxylated amine, it is relatively cheaper if R1 and R2 are the same than if they are different hydrocarbon groups. However, R.

is preferably the same alkoxy or polyalkoxy as defined as R3.

R3 is selected exclusively from the group consisting of alkoxy and polyalkoxy groups. It is generally preferred that these alkoxy and polyalkoxy groups consist essentially of alkoxy units of the following order of magnitude.

As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the oxygen of the alkoxy group and the terminal oxygen of the polyalkoxy group combine with a hydrogen not shown in the formula to form a terminal hydroxyl group. 10H
2-CH-0 ÷ Cage R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and ct-c2s hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl and propyl. More preferred R7 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl such that the alkoxy unit is an ethoxy, 2-propoxy or 2-butoxy unit. Further preferred are ethoxy and propoxy units in which R7 is hydrogen or methyl, respectively. R3 may be a polyalkoxy group consisting of a mixture of different alkoxy units, such as a mixture of ethoxy units and propoxy units, but it is more preferable that it is uniform. Hydroxyethyl groups and homogeneous polyethoxy groups are most preferred.

R1 is selected independently of R3, but when R1 is an alkoxy or polyalkoxy group, to simplify the preparation of tertiary alkoxylated amines, R1 is at least partially the same alkoxy group as R3. Preferably it consists essentially of units. For example, when R3 is a polyalkoxy group of mixed ethoxy-propoxy units, R1 is preferably a polyalkoxy group of mixed ethoxy-propoxy units spanning hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, polyethoxy, polypropoxy. Similarly, when R3 is a polyethoxy group, R1 is preferably a hydroxyethyl, polyethoxy or mixed polyalkoxy group of ethoxy units and other alkoxy units. Most preferably, however, both R and R3 consist of essentially the same type of alkoxy units.

In a preferred embodiment, R1 and R3 are selected such that the total number of alkoxy units in the large alkoxylated amine is from 2 to about 35. For example, when R and R3 are both hydroxyethyl groups, or when +1 R3 is a polyethoxy group consisting of difunctional toxy units and R1 is a hydrocarbon group such as hydrogen or a mellow group, the total number of alkoxy groups is equal to 2. The total number of alkoxy units in the large alkoxylated amine is more preferably from about 5 to about 20, for example when R3 is a polyethoxy group consisting of 3-functional toxy units and R1 is a polyethoxy group consisting of 2-functional toxy units. The relatively large alkoxylated amines that form a preferred embodiment of the present invention are manufactured by BorgWarner (Bor).
It is sold under the product name ``PEGAMEEN'' by G-Warngr Corporation.

The alkanolamines of this invention are relatively small amines and are generally represented by the formula:

a R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl-C6 hydrocarbon groups such as methyl, phenyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, and monomeric and polymeric alkoxy groups. When R4 is a monomeric or polymeric alkoxy group, the alkoxy group consists essentially of alkoxy units selected from the group consisting of ethoxy, 2-propoxy, 2-butoxy and mixtures thereof. For example, when R4 is a monomeric alkoxy group, R4 is hydroxyethyl (HO-CH2CH2), 2-hydroxypropyl (C
H3-CH(OH)-CH2) and 2-hydroxybutyl (CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2) groups. R4 is polyethoxy (HOCH2
CH20CH2-CH2) or polypropoxy (
CH3CH(Off)CH200R(CH3)CH2-
), but dimethylethanolamine, N-phenylethanolamine and N-phenylethanolamine may also be used.
, N-diethylethanolamine, etc., simple alkoxy groups such as hydroxyethyl or 2-hydroxypropyl, simple hydrocarbon groups such as methyl, ethyl or hydrogen. Hydroxyethyl and hydrogen are most preferred, and the alkanolamine is triethanolamine, jetanolamine or N
-) f-role ethanolamine.

R5 is a monomer consisting essentially of a Cl-06 hydrocarbon group as described above for R4, and ethoxy, 2-propoxy, 2-butoxy and mixtures thereof as described above for KH2 and heavy selected from the group consisting of conjugated alkoxy groups. However, unlike R4, R5 does not include hydrogen. Therefore, alkanolamines are secondary or tertiary amines and do not include primary amines. In the most preferred embodiment of the invention R5 is methyl, as in N-methylethanolamine or dimethylethanolamine, or hydroxyethyl, as in jetanolamine or triethanolamine.

R6 is a monomeric or polymeric alkoxy group consisting essentially of alkoxy units selected from the group consisting of ethoxy, 2-propoxy, 2-butoxy and mixtures thereof as described above with respect to R4. R6 is preferably hydroxyethyl or 2-hydroxypropyl, more preferably hydroxyethyl. Most preferred are triethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine and mixtures thereof.

Even though each Ra, Rs, and R6 is a polymeric alkoxy group, the alcohol amine contains up to 6 alkoxy units in total. However, the number of alkoxy units is preferably 5 or less, such as triethanolamine, jetanolamine, and UN-methylethanolamine in which the total number of alkoxy units is 3 or less.

The compositions of the invention also contain acid-derived compounds.

The acid-derived compound is an organic acid, an inorganic acid, or a salt derived by replacing the acidic hydrogen of an organic or inorganic acid with another suitable cation. Suitable organic acid-derived compounds include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid,
Amino acids such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, benzoic acid, speric acid, azelaic acid, hala-toluenesulfonic acid, sebacic acid, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, glycine, tyrosine, serine, aspartic acid, and gluamic acid are included. be done.

In the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the acid-derived compound is an inorganic acid, with phosphoric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid being preferred. Boric acid is not preferred; phosphoric acid is most preferred.

Another embodiment of the acid-derived compounds, which are less preferred than those described above, are salts of organic or inorganic acids, with salts of the preferred acids described above being preferred. When the acid-derived compound is a salt, a Group V metal;
Alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or amine salts are preferred. Examples of salts in this embodiment include iron phosphate,
Included are ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate.

As mentioned above, the compositions of the present invention avoid the time-consuming and expensive preparation of ingredients, yet still provide excellent cooling properties,
It has been found to provide a gold ffi 7JO engineering composition that has a high degree of lubricity and extreme pressure properties.

Additionally, the compositions of the present invention exhibit a high degree of thermal stability and 1c71D water lysis stability while inhibiting rust formation on workpieces and equipment. Furthermore, formulations containing N-methylethanolamine as part or all of the alkanolamine component reduce mold and bacterial growth.

In order to optimize performance in individual applications such as extreme pressure,
The component ratio can be adjusted as necessary. However, it is preferred that the weight ratio of alkanolamine:larger alkoxylated amine is from about 20=1 to about 0.05:1, more preferably from about 10:1 to about 0.
．． 1:1, with a ratio of about 7=1 to about 0.5:1 being most preferred.

When the ratio of alkanolamine: relatively large alkoxylated amine is about 20 = 1 to about 0.05:1, the weight ratio of acid-conducting compound: large alkoxylated amine is about 3
:1 to about 0.01:1 are preferred, and ratios of about 1.5:1 to about 0.1:1 are more preferred.Due to space and weight considerations, the compositions of the present invention will typically have a relatively It will be stored and shipped in concentrated form. This concentrate does not contain excessive amounts of water, but typically contains 10-60% by weight of relatively large alkoxylated amines, alkanolamines, and acid-derived compounds.
It is preferably shipped and stored as a water bath solution containing 20-50% by weight.

Although the compositions of the present invention can also be used in wrought form, a significant portion of the cost of lubricating compositions is generally the cost of the "active" ingredients rather than the carrier medium, such as water or oil, such as lubricating fluids or cooling fluids. It is generally preferable that the weight of the gold FI710 composition be as low as possible within a practical range. As presented in the Examples below, the compositions of the present invention are used in the form of highly diluted water bath liquids to the extent that the lubricity, extreme pressure properties or wear resistance of the present invention are not adversely affected.

The composition in a preferred embodiment, as known to those skilled in the art, contains at least 85% water by weight, based on the total weight of the solution, and the sum of large alkoxylated amines, alkanolamines, and acid-derived compounds from about 0.1 to about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution. It is an aqueous solution containing % heavy mushrooms. Appropriate concentrations will vary depending on the application. However, large alkoxylated amines, alkanolamines, and acid-derived compounds together can range from about 0.5 to about 10
% by weight is preferred, with about 0.5 to 5% being most preferred.

Furthermore, to minimize the corrosive effects of the composition on the workpiece, the pH of the composition is preferably equal to about 7.5 to about 10.5, and more preferably in the range of about 8 to about 9.5. preferable. The preferred pH range of the present invention is achieved by adjusting the proportions of each component and/or by adding other components such as acids or bases to maintain the proper pH balance. To assist in bathing the composition,
Other ingredients may be added. However, this is usually not necessary. Other known additives may be included such as disinfectants, dyes, fragrances, antifoam agents, crystal growth modifiers, scale inhibitors and hard water chelating agents.

The following examples are presented to illustrate various features of the present invention by illustrating them or by providing a standard for comparison.

Example 1-28 describes a test in which the load resistance of various fluids is determined from the measured pressure of the maximum load until failure. The tests reported in Tables I and I are based on ASTM D 3233-73, Standard Method of Determination of Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids
Please be sure to follow the "Alez) Law".

Unless otherwise specified, the lubricating fluids used in these examples were formed by adding the specified components to ion-exchanged water. The amounts shown are percentages by weight based on the total weight of the fluid. The term DEA refers to jetanolamine and TEA
indicates triethanolamine.

Examples 1-7 illustrate various formulations of preferred embodiments of the present invention where the solubilizing component is the inorganic acid phosphoric acid.

However, if the composition of the present invention contains inorganic acids, especially H3PO
Examples 21-28 are not limited to 4.
It can be seen from

Comparative Examples C13-CI2 show the test results of various commercially available compositions for metal processing as standards for comparing the compositions of the present invention. The Cim Cool 400 used in these and the following examples was manufactured by Cim Cool
Cron) is a patented metalworking concentrate for heavy machinery and grinding;
ll) a, f Woolfinishing Co., Ltd. (Do-A
l l Finishing (:company)
Nosu 470 soluble oil, Antara
) HR-719 is GAF's patented metalworking concentrate; E-Cool is Henry E.

Sanson & Sons Ltd. (Henry E, 5ans
on &5ons, Inc.); Clear Mint (CLeατMi・nt) is a patented fluid manufactured by CAm1tron Products, Inc.
, Inc.) is a concentrated synthetic cutting lubricant, coolant and rust inhibitor.

Comparative Examples C13-C20 show the results of testing various components useful in making the compositions of the present invention. The H3PO4 in these and subsequent examples is an 85% by weight aqueous phosphoric acid solution. "PEGAMEEN'"
j is a trade name of an amine compound from BorgWarner Chemical Co., and corresponds to a relatively large alkoxylated amine useful in the invention, in which R1 is an alkoxy or polyalkoxy group in the general formula above. Continuing after Vegamin <T
The numerical portions such as -7, T-15 and T-25 are the average number of total alkoxy positions in the large amine compound.

Therefore, T-7 has an average value of 7, and T-15 has an average value of 1.
5, T-25 indicates an average value of 25. R2 of the alkoxylated amine in these examples is a mellow group. The results for Example 1-C20 are shown in Table I.

Table I Extreme pressure performance TEA (2) (2250) C14TEA (2) 341 (7
50) C15pggame#nT-7(0,4)
136(300)017 Fuuyou (2) H3PO4
(0,17) 681 (1500) Example 21-2
8. How do various inorganic acids such as H2SO4, boron oxide (hydrolyzed to boric acid in the presence of water), carboxylic acids and salts affect the extreme pressure test results performed as described above? This is to explain. 0.4% by weight of Vegamine T-7, 2.0% of triethanolamine
A series of compositions were prepared containing various concentrations of citric acid and various acids or salts. The acids or salts, their concentrations and extreme pressure test results are shown in Table I.

Table I Extreme pressure performance 21 Sulfuric acid 0.3 1022 (22
50) 22 Iron phosphate 0.04 1135 (
2500) 23 Boron oxide 0.05 11
35 (2500) 24 Vinegar [0,1761135
(2250)25 Succinic acid 0.347 1
135(2500)26 Adipic acid 0.24
1226(2700)27 Pimelic acid 0
．． 23 1135 (2500) 28 Azelaic acid 0.28 1022 (2250) The performance of a known metalworking fluid and the metalworking fluid of the present invention was evaluated under suitable drilling conditions. A steel piece with a hardness index of RC-29 on the Ronfuranil C hardness scale of 6.35 mm (l/4
1000±5r using a black rust-coated drill (inch)
The holes were drilled at a drilling speed of 0.13 wx (0.052 inch)/rev. The metalworking fluid was soaked onto the drill from both sides. Triadi y that caused trouble in Example 40
ne) 10 is from Olin (Qtin Carp)
) and the amine (A) used in Example 41.
m1ne) C8-1135 is a corrosion inhibitor manufactured by Angus Chemical Co. Fluid of the composition of the present invention (Examples 35-41
) and other fluids tested to provide a basis of comparison (Comparative Examples C29-C34) are shown in the surface below. The workpieces of Comparative Examples C3l-C33 showed extensive rusting after the test, but no significant corrosion was observed in the workpieces of Examples 35-41 using the water-soluble metalworking composition of the present invention. I couldn't.

As a result of further tests in addition to the above examples, it was found that even if part or all of the alkanolamine was N-methylethanolamine, the metal processing properties of the composition of the present invention were not deteriorated. Tomi drill performance C295% CimCool 40011711211
53PO4 Examples Composition (Underwater Weight Skin) Number of Broken Pores It will be appreciated that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments outlined above without departing from the spirit of the invention. The invention includes all such equivalents and modifications, and is not limited except by the scope of the claims.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) (a) A relatively large alkoxylated amine generally represented by the chemical formula ▲ which includes a mathematical formula, a chemical formula, a table, etc. (However, R_1 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group, an alkoxy group, and a selected from the group consisting of alkoxy groups; R_2 is selected from the group consisting of C_7 or higher hydrocarbon groups; R_
3 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy groups and polyalkoxy groups. ); (b) In general, alkanolamines are represented by the chemical formula ▼ (which has mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.) (where R_4 is (i) hydrogen, (ii) C_1-C_6
selected from the group consisting of monomeric and polymeric alkoxy groups consisting essentially of hydrocarbon groups and (iii) alkoxy units selected from the group consisting of ethoxy, 2-propoxy, 2-butoxy groups and mixtures thereof; :R_
5 is a monomer and polymer consisting essentially of (i) C_1-C_6 hydrocarbon groups and (ii) alkoxy units selected from the group consisting of ethoxy, 2-propoxy, 2-butoxy groups and mixtures thereof. R_6 is a monomeric and polymeric alkoxy group consisting essentially of alkoxy units selected from the group consisting of (i) ethoxy, 2-propoxy, 2-butoxy groups and mixtures thereof; selected from the group consisting of: ); provided that the alkanolamine contains a total of 6 or less alkoxy groups; (c) an acid-derived compound selected from the group consisting of organic acids, inorganic acids and salts thereof; Composition. 2) R_1 and R_3 are generally represented by the chemical formula ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (However, R_7 is hydrogen and C_1-C_2
selected from the group consisting of _8 hydrocarbon groups. ) and the total number of alkoxy units in said large alkoxylated amine is from 2 to about 35. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is selected to have a 3) Claim 2, wherein the total number of alkoxy units in said large alkoxylated amine is equal to from 5 to about 20.
The composition described in Section. 4) The composition according to claim 2, wherein R_7 is hydrogen or a methyl group. 5) The composition of claim 1, wherein R_2 is selected from the group consisting of about C_1_2 to about C_2_0 hydrocarbon groups. 6) The composition according to claim 5, wherein R_2 is selected from the group consisting of stearyl, oleyl, coco, soya and tallow groups. 7) R_5 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl groups, and R_4 is R
5. The composition of claim 1 independently selected from the group _5 plus hydrogen. 8) The composition according to claim 7, wherein R_6 is a hydroxyethyl group. 9) The acid-derived compound is H_3PO_4, H_2S
A composition according to claim 1 selected from the group consisting of O_4 and HNO_3. 10) Acid-derived compounds include acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, benzoic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, sebacic acid and amino acids. The composition of claim 1, which is an organic acid selected from the group consisting of: 11) The acid-derived compound is a Group VII metal, an alkali metal,
A composition according to claim 1, which is a salt selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates and amine salts. 12) The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of alkanol to large alkoxylated amine is from about 20:1 to about 0.05:1. 13) The composition of claim 12, wherein the weight ratio of alkanolamine:large alkoxylated amine is from about 10:1 to about 0.1:1. 14) The composition of claim 13, wherein the weight ratio of alkanolamine:large alkoxylated amine is from about 7:1 to about 0.5:1. 15) The composition of claim 12, wherein the weight ratio of said acid-derived compound to said large alkoxylated amine is from about 3:1 to about 0.01:1. 16) The composition of claim 15, wherein the weight ratio of said acid-derived compound to said large alkoxylated amine is from about 1.5:1 to about 0.1:1. 17) Claim 1, wherein the composition is an aqueous solution.
The composition described in Section. 18) Claim 1, wherein said large alkoxylated amine, said alkanolamine and said acid-derived compound total about 0.1-15% by weight of said solution.
Composition according to item 7. 19) Claim 1, wherein said large alkoxylated amine, said alkanolamine and said acid-derived compound total about 0.5-10% by weight of said solution.
Composition according to item 8. 20) The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition has a pH equal to about 7.5 to about 10.5. 21) the composition has a pH equal to about 8 to about 9.5;
21. The composition according to claim 20. 22) (a) General formula▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼
A relatively large alkoxylated amine (where R_2 is a C_1_2 to about C_2_0 hydrocarbon group; R_1 and R_3 are alkoxylated amines generally represented by the chemical formula ▲There are numerical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼) independently selected from the group consisting of monomeric and polymeric alkoxy groups consisting essentially of units or mixtures of alkoxy units, R_7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C_1-C_2_8 hydrocarbon groups; and R_3 are selected such that the total number of alkoxy units in the large alkoxylated amine is equal to from 2 to about 35.);
6) Triethanolamine, diethanolamine, N-
an alkanolamine selected from the group consisting of methylethanolamine and mixtures thereof; and (c) an acid-derived compound selected from the group consisting of organic acids, inorganic acids and salts thereof; pH equal to to about 10.5
wherein the weight ratio of said alkanolamine to said large alkoxylated amine is from about 10:1 to about 0.1:1, and the weight ratio of said acid-derived compound to said large alkoxylated amine is about 3:1 to about 0.01:1. 23) The composition according to claim 22, wherein R_2 is selected from the group consisting of stearyl, oleyl, coco, soya and tallow groups. 24) The composition of claim 23, wherein the total number of alkoxy units in the large alkoxylated amine is equal to about 5 to about 15. 25) A composition according to claim 22, wherein said alkanolamine is selected from triethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine and mixtures thereof. 26) The composition comprises the large alkoxylated amine, the alkanolamine, and the acid-derived compound at 0.0%.
23. The composition of claim 22, which is an aqueous solution containing 1-15% by weight.