JPS61234736A - Treatment of fish body - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for processing fish bodies, and more specifically, after autolyzing fish bodies etc. to a specific range, fish bones, fish oil, and partially decomposed fish proteins are processed. The present invention relates to a method for processing fish, characterized by separating at least one species.

[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention] Conventionally, finschmeal and fish oil have been produced from fish bodies and their processing residues, but this production method involves cutting, crushing, or grinding the raw materials as necessary. After pre-treatment, the liquid containing fish oil is steamed, and then the liquid containing fish oil is separated by squeezing. It consists of separating the fish oil and concentrating the remaining liquid to obtain Finsch solubles. Therefore, since there is no step of separating fish bones in this production method, a product containing a large amount of fish bone fragments is obtained as finschmeal, which can be used as a protein feed or protein food material with a high protein content. Moreover, since the manufacturing process includes heat treatment steps such as steaming, the protein is thermally denatured, and depending on the application, it is not necessarily satisfactory as a protein feed or protein food material.

In addition, so-called extracts have traditionally been produced as raw materials for seasonings by completely liquefying fish, shellfish, etc., in the presence of several times the amount of water, using autolysis and/or proteolytic enzymes for a long period of time. There is. When using fish bodies in this method, it is easy to separate the fish bones, but since the fish meat has been completely broken down to liquid extract, it is not possible to obtain fish protein in a form similar to that of fish meat.

c. Means for Solving Problems] The present inventors have discovered that fish protein can be obtained in a form similar to fish meat or as a solid substance by processing under conditions with little thermal denaturation, and it is also possible to separate fish bones. As a result of studying the processing method for fish, it was found that if the rate of increase in soluble nitrogen after autolysis to the total nitrogen in the raw material falls within a certain range, the fish flesh will easily separate from the fish bones and become slurry-like. The present inventors have discovered that fish bones, fish oil, and partially decomposed fish protein can be easily separated from a slurry by means such as filtration or centrifugation, and have completed the present invention.

That is, in the present invention, the increase rate of soluble nitrogen after autolysis with respect to the total nitrogen in the raw material is determined by autolysis of the fish body as it is or after removing the internal organs and/or the epidermal part: Ne -N.

-x 100 (where, Nt is the weight percent of the total chamber t element in the raw material, Ne is the weight percent of soluble nitrogen in the product after autolysis, and No is the weight percent of soluble nitrogen in the raw material. )
This is a method for processing fish bodies, which is characterized in that the fish bodies are self-digested to form a slurry with a concentration of 10 to 50%, and at least one of fish bones, fish oil, and partially decomposed fish protein is separated from this slurry.

Examples of fish bodies that can be used as raw materials for the present invention include those of highly caught fish such as herring, sardine, mackerel, saury, Japanese sardine, walleye, flounder, anchovies, and pilchard, as well as fish oil of good quality, fish bones, In order to obtain partially decomposed fish protein, it is preferable to use fish bodies of fish that are highly caught and have good freshness.

In the present invention, the fish body may be autolyzed as it is, or it may be autolyzed after removing the internal organs and/or the epidermis from the fish body.

In the present invention, the raw material as described above is first subjected to autolysis, and the degree of autolysis is determined by the rate of increase in soluble nitrogen after autolysis relative to the total nitrogen in the starting material: Ne -N.

X 100 (where, Nt is the weight percent of the total chamber t element in the raw material, Ne is the weight percent of soluble nitrogen in the product after autolysis, and No is the weight percent of soluble nitrogen in the raw material. )
Autolysis may be carried out until it reaches 10 to 50%, preferably 10 to 40%, particularly preferably 10 to 30%.
About 20 minutes to 2 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours at 0°C
The mixture may be mixed and stirred for 1 hour. If the increase rate of soluble nitrogen is less than 3%, the peeling of fish meat from fish bones is insufficient, the separation of fish bones and fish proteins is not successful, and the separation of fish oil is also poor, and conversely, %, it is not preferable because the soluble fraction increases, leading to a decrease in the recovery rate of partially decomposed fish protein as a solid substance and deterioration in the separability of fish oil.

In this way, after the fish body is made into a slurry by autolysis, at least one of fish oil, fish bone, and partially degraded protein is separated from this slurry. These can be separated using various separation means such as filtration and centrifugation. Specific examples of such separation methods include, for example, fl) separating and removing fish bones from a slurry by means of filtration, centrifugal filtration, etc.;
Thereafter, the liquid part is separated by means such as centrifugation into a liquid part consisting of an aqueous phase containing fish oil and water-soluble components, and a solid part consisting of partially decomposed fish protein, and the liquid part is further separated by standing. (2) Separate and remove fish bones from the slurry as described above, and then separate the partially decomposed fish proteins and the water-soluble components. (3) A solid part containing fish bones and partially decomposed fish proteins from a slurry; and a liquid part consisting of fish oil and an aqueous phase containing water-soluble components. If necessary, the solid part is dried, then separated into fish bones and partially decomposed fish protein, and the liquid part is separated into fish oil and water-soluble components. (4) a method of separating the oil phase consisting of fish oil from the slurry, then separating the fish bones, and if necessary decomposing the partially decomposed fish protein;
5) Separate the oil phase consisting of fish oil from the slurry, and then separate it into a solid part consisting of fish bones and partially decomposed fish protein and a liquid part consisting of an aqueous phase containing water-soluble components, and then Then, the solid part can be separated into fish bones and partially decomposed fish proteins, and finally the fish body can be separated into four parts: an aqueous phase containing fish oil, fish bones, partially decomposed fish proteins, and the remaining water-soluble components. It is possible to fractionate into two categories and obtain them, and it is only necessary to select a preferable separation method particularly in relation to the target product or its use.

In addition, in the method of the present invention, a physical process to break up the fish bones can be performed at any stage, thereby making it possible to separate and obtain partially decomposed fish protein containing a large amount of fish bone calcium. Furthermore, in order to lose the enzyme activity at the stage of the slurry after self-digestion, it may be heat-treated at, for example, 70 to 80°C.

〔Example〕

Example 1 When Ikg of sardines is kept at a temperature of 50° C. and stirred for 40 minutes, the fish meat gradually separates from the fish bones and the whole becomes a slurry.

The rate of increase in soluble nitrogen in this slurry was measured by the following method. Take 10g of slurry, mix with 30ml of water, add 5ml of 10% trichloroacetic acid solution, and add 5ml of water.
ml and filter through filter paper (Toyo Roshi: Magnetic 5/A). After 10 ml of this filtrate is decomposed with sulfuric acid by a conventional method, the amount of soluble nitrogen is measured by the Kelpool method and is defined as soluble nitrogen (Ne). Further, 2 g of the slurry was taken and treated in the same manner after decomposition with sulfuric acid to convert it to total nitrogen (Nt). Furthermore, 10 m of the filtrate was filtered after taking the raw material log and adding the trichloroacetic acid solution in the same manner.
1 was decomposed with sulfuric acid, the amount of soluble nitrogen was measured, and soluble nitrogen (N
o). As a result of the above measurement, the soluble Ne -N of this slurry.

The increase rate of nitrogen x 100 is 16.0% and N
t.

Next, this slurry was heated and kept at 75°C for 15 minutes to lose enzyme activity, and then the fish bones were removed using a basket-type centrifuge equipped with a 6-mesh stainless steel wire mesh. The resulting slurry was centrifuged for 5 minutes at 300 Orp.om. to remove fish oil, aqueous phase (stick water),
The partially decomposed fish protein was separated into a precipitated part, and the liquid part was further fractionated into fish oil and aqueous phases using a separatory funnel.

The obtained fish bones were washed with water and dried, and the partially decomposed fish protein precipitate was also dried to form a powder.

In this way, 115 g of dried partially decomposed fish protein, 28 g of dried fish bones, and 135 g of fish oil were separated and obtained from Ikg of the raw material.

The analysis values and properties of each are shown in the table below.

As a reference example, analytical values of fishmeal and fish oil prepared by conventional methods are shown.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to separate and obtain partially decomposed fish protein that does not contain fish bones, and this protein is partially decomposed into a form that is easily digested and absorbed by humans and animals. Since it contains small amounts of active ingredients such as vitamins and phospholipids in the fish body without being altered by heat, it can be used as a high-quality protein source in raw or dried form, for example, in feed, fodder, food, pet food, etc. suitable for

Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to separate and obtain high-quality fish bones with few other impurities from the fish body, and if necessary, this bone is subjected to simple treatment such as washing with water, then dried and crushed. It can be used in various feeds, baits, foods, pet foods, etc. as a naturally derived high-quality calcium source. Furthermore,
According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to separate and obtain an aqueous solution containing water-soluble components. It can be used in feed, fodder, vet food, etc., in the form of concentrated fish solubles, or in the form of adsorption to fish meal, dried partially decomposed fish protein, other feeds, and feed ingredients. Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to separate and obtain high-quality fish oil that has not been denatured by heat, and since this oil contains trace amounts of useful components in fish oil without being denatured by heat, they cannot be denatured by heat. Not only can it be recovered in a non-condensed form, but it can also be used as high-quality edible fats and oils by subjecting it to ordinary purification, deodorization, hydrogenation, and other treatments.

Claims (1)

[Claims] The rate of increase in soluble nitrogen after autolysis relative to the total nitrogen in the raw material is obtained by autolyzing the fish body as it is or after removing the internal organs and/or the epidermal part: (Ne-No)/( Nt)×100 (however, in the formula, Nt
is the weight percent of the total nitrogen in the raw material, Ne is the weight percent of soluble nitrogen in the product after autolysis, and No is the weight percent of soluble nitrogen in the raw material). From this slurry, fish bones, fish oil,
A method for processing fish bodies, which comprises separating at least one kind of partially decomposed fish protein.