RU2197836C2 - Method of producing fish feed meal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production for preparation of fish feed meal from small-value fish raw material. SUBSTANCE: method includes grinding of raw material in fish cutter, treating of ground raw material with solution of acetic or citric acid with concentration of 0.1-5.0, boiling of raw material which is conducted in two stages at temperature from 60 C to 95 C. Then mass is centrifuged and directed for drying, and separated broth is directed for further treatment. Treatment of ground raw material in fish cutter with acetic or citric acid induces compactness of muscular tissue of small fat-containing fish, and it provides better separation of fish fat with premolding broth in the process of centrifugation of boiled mass. Produced fish meal is designed for using in fish farming for feeding of baby fish, for example, salmon family fishes. EFFECT: improved quality due to increased content of protein and reduced quantity of fat. 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the fishing industry, in particular to methods for the production of fish meal mainly from low-value fish raw materials.

 Fish feed flour is made from various raw materials: fish and fish processing waste for food products, prepress fish broths, shrimp raw materials, etc. Depending on the raw materials, various methods of making flour are used.

 A known method of manufacturing fodder flour in direct drying plants, in which, after drying, the pressing operation is performed, and then the pressed raw materials are ground and metal impurities are cleaned.

 There is also a centrifuge-drying method for the production of fodder flour (see Instructions for the manufacture of fodder flour. 99 - In the collection of VNIRO "Technological instructions for processing fish. T.2 - M .: Kolos, 1994). This method involves the following operations: grinding of raw materials, cooking, centrifugation, drying, cooling and packaging.

 Fish feed meal in accordance with GOST 2116-82 should have the following content: mass fraction of crude protein in fish meal is not less than 50%, fat mass fraction not more than 10%. The lower the fat content in the flour, the better the feed flour. In the manufacture of fodder flour for fish farming, for example, it is recommended to use raw materials with a mass fraction of fat of not more than 4% to obtain flour with the lowest fat content. Therefore, the operation of separating fat during the manufacture of fish feed meal affects the quality of the resulting product. Known methods for making flour include further processing of products to reduce fat content.

 There is a method of producing fish feed flour for poultry farming, in which raw materials (fresh and frozen sardines, horse mackerel, mackerel, herring, anchovies) are processed in an acidic environment, after which a centrifugation operation is performed (see US Pat. RF 1836030, A 23 K 1 / 10 from 01/23/91). In this method, the raw materials must be separated to obtain separate fractions of bone and meat tissue, and exposure in an acidic environment is carried out for each fraction separately.

 The quality of the resulting product, and therefore its price, also depends on the protein content in the flour, with an increase in the protein content, the nutritional value of the flour increases.

 The main task that was solved during the development of the proposed method was to use low-value fish raw materials to obtain high-quality flour with a high protein content and low fat content.

The inventive method relates to centrifuge-drying methods and includes the above operations. The difference of the proposed method is that before the cooking operation, the crushed raw materials are processed with a solution of acetic or citric acid with a concentration of 0.1 - 5.0%, then they are cooked at a temperature in the range of 60-95 ^o C. At the same time, the cooking is carried out at a temperature of 60 -70 ^o With subsequent exposure for 10-15 minutes. Then carry out a temperature increase of 20-25 ^o With subsequent exposure of the mass for 10-15 minutes.

 The proposed method allows to obtain feed flour with high rates (fat and protein content) exceeding the recommended GOST 2116-82 "Feed flour from fish, marine mammals, crustaceans and invertebrates. Specifications", from more fat-containing raw materials, such as capelin or small herring capelin (fat content in raw materials 12-18%).

 Processing the raw material crushed in the fish cutter with acid, acetic or citric causes the muscle tissue to become denser of small fat-containing fish, which, in turn, contributes to better separation of fish oil with prepress broth during centrifugation of the cooked mass. The concentration of the acid solution from 0.1 to 5% provides the possibility of processing the mass, consisting of a soft bone structure and muscle structure of weak consistency, to a condition suitable for centrifugation.

The implementation of the heat treatment of raw materials in two stages in the temperature range from 60 ^o C to 95 ^o C allows you to provide a gentle cooking mode, which is very important in the case of using fish that are gentle in consistency. This prevents a porridge mass from which water is poorly separated, and contributes to the implementation of the most effective centrifugation regime.

 The short exposure to high temperature on acid-treated feeds also allows for more efficient separation of the prepress broth containing a significant amount of fish oil. This, in turn, provides a reduction in the amount of fish oil in the final product - flour.

 Thus, the claimed combination of essential features ensures the achievement of a different technical result, namely, obtaining a high-quality, high-protein fish feed meal from low-value raw materials that have a high fat content, such as capelin and small herring capelin.

 An analysis of the sources identified during the search for information showed that the claimed combination of essential features is unknown from the prior art, which confirms the compliance of the proposed solution with the criterion of "novelty."

 Since the claimed combination of essential features allows you to get a new technical result, different from what the known methods provide, it can be argued that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

 The proposed solution is technically feasible (industrially applicable), which is confirmed by the following information.

 The essence of the proposed method is as follows. After defrosting, the feedstock is crushed to pieces no larger than 3 cm. In the case of using small fish, capelinus capelin or herring, small feedstock can be used without grinding. Then the raw material is irrigated with a solution of acetic or citric acid. The concentration and amount of acid is determined based on the type and volume of processed raw materials. The acid solution treatment time is also determined by the amount of fish being processed.

Heat treatment of raw materials is carried out initially at a temperature of 60-70 ^o With a subsequent increase to 95 ^o C. In this case, the raw material is kept for a short time 10-15 minutes after the first cooking, as well as after increasing the temperature. Next, the processed mass is fed to a centrifuge, and conventional equipment used in fisheries is used. After centrifugation, the pulp is sent for drying, and the separated broth for further processing, the solution for reuse. Finished products are packaged.

 Example 1

In the production of fish feed flour from 425 kg of capelin, the raw materials were kept for 30 min in 1200 l of a solution of acetic acid of 0.5% concentration. After the strainer screw, the mass was sent for cooking, while the heat treatment was carried out in two stages:
Stage 1 - heating to 65 ^o C and cooking for 10 minutes;
Stage 2 - heating the boiled mass to 85 ^o C and holding at this temperature for 15 minutes

 The output of finished products amounted to 80.7 kg of feed flour. The composition of the obtained feed meal: proteins - 70.8%, fish oil - 6.4%, moisture - 7.3%.

 Example 2

 In the production of fish feed flour from 470 kg of Atlantic herring, actively eating calanus, herring was kept for 45 minutes in 1000 l of a 0.1% solution of acetic acid.

Heat treatment in two stages:
Stage 1 - heating to 70 ^o C and cooking for 5 minutes;
Stage 2 - heating to 90 ^o C and holding for 10 minutes

 The yield of fish meal is 87 kg.

 The composition of fish meal: protein - 70.5%, fat - 6.0%, moisture - 8.1%.

 The proposed method provides an increased rate of yield of finished products.

 The resulting feed meal is characterized by a high protein content and a reduced fat content, which makes it better. Feed flour with such a fat and protein content is intended for use in fish farming for feeding fry, for example salmon fish, if its shelf life does not exceed the permissible for these purposes.

 With a long shelf life, such flour is used in pig farms in the North.

 The proposed method is simple to implement and does not require the development of additional equipment. Acetic or citric acid is approved for use in the food industry.

 Expanding the specific assortment of raw materials for the production of fishmeal allows solving an important national economic problem - breeding fish of valuable species, for example, salmon.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining fish feed meal, including grinding raw materials in a fish slicer, processing it with acetic or citric acid, cooking, centrifuging the cooked mass, drying and packaging, characterized in that before cooking, the processed raw materials are processed with a solution of acetic or citric acid at a concentration of 0.1-5 , 0%, cooking is carried out in two stages at a temperature in the range of 60-95 ^o C.