JPS61223443A - Building control system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To control the amount of ventilation in accordance with the number of personel in the building by a method wherein sensors, catching infrared rays radiated from human body, are connected to sensor controller to calculate the number of personel in areas charged by respective sensors and input it as a control signal. CONSTITUTION:In case of a general office or general floor, a plurality of infrared rays sensors 1 are distributed and arranged on the ceiling thereof to permit to detect infrared rays in the whole area of the room. Respective infrared rays sensors detect the infrared rays, which are radiated from human bodies and having wavelength of about 6-15mum, and output electric currents in accordance with the strengths of the detected infrared rays whereby the number of personel, existing in the areas charged by respective sensors are operated based on the outputted value of the electric currents. The number of personel in the room is utilized for the input information for the automatic control board in a central control chamber in such a manner and whereby the opening degree of a damper for an air-conditioning equipment, the rotating number of a fan and the starting or stopping of various machines and illuminations may be controlled.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a building management system that controls the operating status of air conditioning equipment, etc. according to changes in the number of people in each room in a building.

[Conventional technology]

Centralized building management systems that manage air conditioning equipment, crime prevention equipment, disaster prevention equipment, etc. in a central control room have been popular for some time, but the input information for such management is...

Typically, signals from physical quantity detectors such as thermometers, hygrometers, flow meters, and pressure gauges are used, as well as signals from sensors that detect the operating status of one piece of equipment. This information is constantly input into a computer, compared with stock information, and correction calculations are performed. Control signals are then sent to various equipment to maintain the building environment in an appropriate state, and to detect abnormalities. In such cases, commands are given to stop equipment and start operation of auxiliary equipment. Such a computer-controlled automated building management system can help optimize management,
It greatly contributes to energy saving and even labor saving.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In order to further improve accuracy and save energy in building management, it is necessary to quickly and accurately grasp changes in environmental conditions and input them correctly, but with conventional systems, changes in the number of personnel are input directly. Because it inputs indirect changes due to changes in one person (temperature, fA degrees, on/off information due to opening/closing of doors and equipment start/stop operations, etc.), it is not possible to change the number of people over time. could not be followed directly. Therefore, it is virtually impossible to control the amount of ventilation (amount of outside air intake) according to the number of people.For example, in a general office or conference room, if Depending on the amount, the amount of outside air required to be taken in will increase or decrease, but in reality, such fine-grained control has not been performed.

Furthermore, the reality is that in washrooms (toilets), kettle rooms, rest rooms, and other verimeter zones that are used irregularly, air conditioning is controlled regardless of whether a single person enters or exits. Therefore, it cannot be said that automatic control achieves true energy saving.

The present invention attempts to solve such problems.

[Means to solve problems]

The present invention involves installing sensors in a building that catch infrared rays emitted from human bodies, and connecting each sensor to a sensor controller.The sensor controller calculates the number of people in the area assigned to each sensor, and then controls the air conditioning equipment. The above-mentioned calculated number of personnel is input as a control signal for the automatic control panel of the various equipment included in the system, thereby solving the above-mentioned problem.

The human body emits far infrared rays of about 6 to 15 microns, which can be detected by an infrared sensor. In addition, from objects heated to 400 to 700℃, 3 to 5μ
Since a small amount of infrared radiation is emitted, this can also be detected by an infrared sensor. The former can be used to calculate the number of people in the room, and the latter can be used to detect indoor abnormalities (for example, fire, etc.).

For example, as shown in FIG. 1, in the case of a general office or a general floor, 11 infrared sensors 1 are distributed on the ceiling so that infrared rays can be detected throughout the room.

The sensors 1 thus distributed are connected to a sensor controller 2 as shown in FIG. 2, and the sensor controller 2 calculates the number of people in the room. This calculation is.

Based on the number of sensors that have detected a human being and the weight per sensor, the process can be performed as shown in the flowchart shown in FIG. In other words, when each infrared sensor detects (accesses) far infrared rays with a wavelength of about 6 to 15 microns emitted from a human body, it outputs a current according to the intensity of the far infrared rays, and from this output current value, it can determine how many people are in the area it is responsible for. Calculate whether the number of personnel exists.

More specifically, the output current from the sensor consisting of the fourth (
a) As shown in the figure, when the set point A is exceeded, the sensor outputs "ON" (ON-accessed), based on the number of sensors set in the room.

Calculate (number of accessed sensors) x weight = number of people in the room. To illustrate this, if we take an example where five sensors are set in a room, the result will be as shown in Fig. 4(b). In this case, if the sensors are arranged so that the weight is substantially equal for each sensor, the number of people in the room can be calculated from the number of accesses x the weight per sensor, but if this number of people is directly used as a control output signal, the number of people in the room will suddenly increase. If there is a change in the number of personnel, a problem will occur in the response, so the sensor output C is passed through a -order lag filter, and the sensor output C is time-averaged and scanned as shown in curve B in Fig. 4(b). Finalize the number of personnel in the room.

An example of the calculation formula in this case is:

60, where α is the time constant and the constant number of sensors is 60.
It is calculated by +α +□×(previous number of people in the room).

FIG. 4(C) shows a signal flow diagram in this case. When an automatic air conditioning control panel, such as a 5-distributed DAC system, has a microcomputer, the sensor controller may be incorporated into the microcomputer.

In this way, by using the number of people in the room as input information to the automatic control panel in the central control room.

For example, it can control the damper opening of air conditioners, the rotation speed of fans, and the on/off control of various machines and lighting.

An example of the control flow is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

The contents of this control flow are as follows.

Number of infrared sensors: Enter the number of sensors installed in the room.

Weight per sensor: Enter the percentage of people present per sensor (%).

Mandatory personnel at startup: Input (%) assuming what percentage of personnel will be present at startup.

Forced personnel at startup R (A/M); A (auto) does not use forced personnel at startup, M (manual) uses forced personnel at startup.

Manpower required at the time of failure: Manpower (%) assuming what percentage of personnel will be present at the time of failure.

Mandatory personnel in the event of a failure (A/M) iA (Auto) does not use mandatory personnel in the event of a failure, M (Manual) uses mandatory personnel in the event of a failure.

Personnel judgment interval: Enter the number of seconds to repeat the judgment cycle (in seconds).

Input first-order lag time constant; α (see formula above).

Each damper opening: Enter the number of damper openings relative to the personnel ratio (%).

Fan rotation speed: Human power (%), which is the number of fan rotations relative to the ratio of personnel.

Zero input device operation time: When the number of people in the room becomes 0%,
Manually specify how many seconds later to stop the equipment.

The series of controls shown in Figures 5 and 6 is carried out by a central monitoring panel, but by transmitting the data of personnel output from the field to the disaster prevention center, this can also be used as an information source for disaster prevention and crime prevention. can.

According to the system of the present invention, as described above, the amount of air supplied and the amount of outside air taken into an office or the like can be controlled according to the number of personnel, so that extremely energy-saving air conditioning can be achieved. In addition to general floors such as offices, it also has a very large energy-saving effect in toilets that are used irregularly.For example, ventilation control in toilets can be performed as shown in Figure 7. As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, the fan operation becomes intermittent, and energy savings can be achieved by the amount of fan stop time. - Also, regarding the intake control of the amount of outside air in the cabin, the 10th
As shown in the figure, the load in the shaded area is reduced, and a large energy saving effect can also be obtained in this case.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the arrangement of infrared sensors. Figure 2 is a diagram showing the connection state between the infrared sensor and the sensor controller, Figure 3 is a flowchart for calculating the number of personnel by the sensor controller, Figure 4(a) is a time chart of sensor output, and Figure 4(b) is a diagram showing the connection state between the infrared sensor and the sensor controller. 4(C) is a scanning diagram using a first-order delay filter for the outputs of multiple sensors, and FIG. 4(C) is a signal flow diagram of each sensor and sensor controller. Fig. 5 is a control flow diagram of the system of the present invention, and Fig. 6 is a control flow diagram of the system of the present invention.
A continuation of the control flow diagram in Figure 7, Figure 7 is a control flow diagram of the ventilation fan in the toilet, Figure 8 is a diagram of the relationship between time and power according to the control in Figure 7, and Figure 9 is the flow of outside air intake amount control. figure,
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of people in the room and the load under the control shown in FIG. 9. 1. Infrared sensor. 2. Sensor controller. Figure 4(a) Figure 4(b) Figure 8 Tirhs Figure 9 Figure 10 20th person 40% 60% 80th person 100% Number of people in the room/capacity (%)

Claims (1)

[Claims] Sensors that catch infrared rays emitted from the human body are installed inside the building, and each sensor is connected to a sensor controller.The sensor controller calculates the number of people in the area assigned to each sensor, and controls various equipment including air conditioning equipment. A building management system in which the calculated number of personnel is input as a control signal to an automatic control panel.