JPS6115247B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6115247B2 JPS6115247B2 JP8814979A JP8814979A JPS6115247B2 JP S6115247 B2 JPS6115247 B2 JP S6115247B2 JP 8814979 A JP8814979 A JP 8814979A JP 8814979 A JP8814979 A JP 8814979A JP S6115247 B2 JPS6115247 B2 JP S6115247B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- low
- temperature fluid
- boiling point
- turbine
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、低沸点媒体を作動流体として利用す
る発電プラントの運転制御方法およびその装置に
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a power plant that uses a low boiling point medium as a working fluid.
低沸点媒体利用発電プラントは主として製鉄所
の排熱や地熱等の利用を目的として開発されたも
のである。この基本的な系統をまず第１図により
説明する。図において、熱源流体１の保有熱は、
加熱器２における熱交換によつて高温流体３に伝
えられる。高温流体３は、直接式熱交換器４にお
いて低温流体６と熱交換し、冷却された流体は循
環ポンプ５によつて再度加熱器へ送られる。低温
流体６には低沸点媒体が使用されており、直接式
熱交換器４において、高温流体３と直接々触する
ことによりその大半が気化し、その蒸気はタービ
ン７に導かれ、タービン７を駆動し、発電機８に
より発電する。タービン７を出た蒸気は凝縮器９
によつて凝縮され、凝縮液ポンプ１１によつて加
圧され、流体制御弁１２によつて流量制御された
後、再び直接式熱交換器４に送られる。 Power plants using low boiling point media were developed primarily for the purpose of utilizing waste heat from steel plants and geothermal heat. This basic system will first be explained with reference to FIG. In the figure, the retained heat of the heat source fluid 1 is
It is transferred to the hot fluid 3 by heat exchange in the heater 2 . The hot fluid 3 exchanges heat with the cold fluid 6 in the direct heat exchanger 4, and the cooled fluid is sent to the heater again by the circulation pump 5. A low-boiling point medium is used as the low-temperature fluid 6, and most of it is vaporized by direct contact with the high-temperature fluid 3 in the direct heat exchanger 4, and the steam is led to the turbine 7. The generator 8 generates electricity. The steam leaving the turbine 7 is sent to the condenser 9
The liquid is condensed, pressurized by a condensate pump 11, and after its flow rate is controlled by a fluid control valve 12, it is sent to the direct heat exchanger 4 again.
第２図に、従来用いられている流量制御弁１２
による流量制御法を示す。先ず、直接式熱交換器
４の内部圧力を圧力検出器１６によつて検出し、
この検出信号を液温設定器１７に入れて、温度設
定値Ｔを設定する。圧力Ｐと温度Ｔの関係は第３
図の溶解特性から任意に定めることができ、例え
ば溶解率を一定にするには(a)の曲線に乗るように
定めれば良い。一方、直接式熱交換器４の高温流
体入口管路に設けられた温度検出器１８によつて
高温流体の温度を検出し、先の温度設定値Ｔとも
ども低温流体流量制御装置１９に導いて加算す
る。その結果、負の場合には温度検出器１８にあ
らわれる高温流体系統の温度が液温設定器１７で
設定された温度より低いことを示しており、高温
流体液温をあげるため、流量制御弁１２を絞つて
低温流体流量を少なくし、また正の場合には逆に
流量制御弁１２を開いて低温流体流量を増し、高
温流体液温を低下させることが行われる。 FIG. 2 shows a conventional flow control valve 12.
The flow rate control method is shown below. First, the internal pressure of the direct heat exchanger 4 is detected by the pressure detector 16,
This detection signal is input to the liquid temperature setting device 17 to set the temperature setting value T. The relationship between pressure P and temperature T is the third
It can be determined arbitrarily from the dissolution characteristics shown in the figure. For example, in order to keep the dissolution rate constant, it may be determined so as to ride the curve (a). On the other hand, the temperature of the high-temperature fluid is detected by the temperature detector 18 provided in the high-temperature fluid inlet pipe of the direct heat exchanger 4, and the temperature is guided to the low-temperature fluid flow rate control device 19 together with the previous temperature set value T, and added. do. If the result is negative, it indicates that the temperature of the high-temperature fluid system appearing on the temperature detector 18 is lower than the temperature set by the liquid temperature setting device 17, and in order to raise the temperature of the high-temperature fluid, the flow control valve 12 is operated. is throttled down to reduce the low temperature fluid flow rate, and if positive, the flow rate control valve 12 is conversely opened to increase the low temperature fluid flow rate and lower the high temperature fluid temperature.
しかしながら、この流量制御法では、プラント
の熱容量が大きいため、負荷変動に対して安定す
るまでの時間が長く、低温流体の溶解度が変化
し、これを補うためには溶解度変化量相当の低温
流体タンクを必要とする欠点を有する。 However, with this flow rate control method, because the heat capacity of the plant is large, it takes a long time to stabilize against load fluctuations, and the solubility of the low-temperature fluid changes. It has the disadvantage of requiring
本発明は上記の事情に鑑みてなされたもので、
直接式熱交換器において熱交換を行う高温・低温
流体の相互溶解を考慮した低沸点媒体利用発電プ
ラントの運転制御方法および装置を提供すること
を目的とする。 The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and
The object of the present invention is to provide an operation control method and device for a power generation plant using a low boiling point medium that takes into account the mutual dissolution of high temperature and low temperature fluids that exchange heat in a direct heat exchanger.
本発明の運転制御方法は、低温流体が凝縮され
る凝縮器内の凝縮液面水位を検出し、この液面水
位を一定に保つべく、直接式熱交換器へ供給する
低温流体の流量を制御することを特徴とする。 The operation control method of the present invention detects the condensate liquid level in the condenser where the low-temperature fluid is condensed, and controls the flow rate of the low-temperature fluid supplied to the direct heat exchanger in order to keep the liquid level constant. It is characterized by
また、本発明の運転制御装置は上記の運転制御
方法を実施するための凝縮液面水位検出器と、こ
の検出信号と予じめ設定された設定値との比較信
号に基づいて、流量制御弁を制御する装置とから
なることを特徴とする。 The operation control device of the present invention also includes a condensate level detector for carrying out the above operation control method, and a flow rate control valve based on a comparison signal between this detection signal and a preset setting value. It is characterized by comprising a device for controlling.
以下、本発明を実施例によつて詳細に説明す
る。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples.
本発明における高温流体及び低温流体の循環系
統は第１図と同様であるので、本発明に直接関係
する凝縮器まわりの詳細を第４図に示した。図に
おいて、加熱器２にて熱交換した高温流体３は直
接式熱交換器４に流入し、低温流体６と熱交換す
る。高温流体にはポリオールエステル油、アルキ
ルベンゼン油、水等が使用でき、低温流体にはフ
ロン、アンモニア等の低沸点媒体が使用される。
これらの高、低温流体は直接接触することによ
り、互いに溶解し、低温流体の一部は蒸気となる
が温度の降下した高温流体３と低温流体６は溶解
して高温流体タンク１５に一時貯蔵された後、循
環ポンプ５によつて加熱器２へ送られる。一方、
蒸気になつた低温流体はタービンへ導かれてター
ビンを駆動した後、凝縮器へ導かれ、冷却水１０
によつて冷却されて凝縮する。凝縮液は凝縮液ポ
ンプ１１によつて加圧され、直接式熱交換器へ供
給される。このプラントの入熱量変化に対し、低
温流体流量を制御することにより熱バランスをと
る。このような直接式熱交換器を有する発電プラ
ントでは温度、圧力条件によつて第３図に示した
ように溶解度が異なり、同一圧力を得るためには
溶解度が大きいほど温度は低くなる。この高温流
体温度は加熱器でのボイラ効率に影響し、高温流
体温度が低いほど発電機出力は大きくなる。そこ
でプラントの保有する低温流体を最大限溶解さ
せ、負荷変動に対しても安定して運転するために
は凝縮液ポンプ１１の保護上、問題となる凝縮液
面水位１３を一定値以上に保つ必要がある。 Since the circulation system for high-temperature fluid and low-temperature fluid in the present invention is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, details around the condenser that are directly related to the present invention are shown in FIG. 4. In the figure, high-temperature fluid 3 that has undergone heat exchange in heater 2 flows into direct heat exchanger 4 and exchanges heat with low-temperature fluid 6. Polyol ester oil, alkylbenzene oil, water, etc. can be used as the high temperature fluid, and low boiling point media such as chlorofluorocarbons and ammonia can be used as the low temperature fluid.
When these high-temperature and low-temperature fluids come into direct contact, they dissolve into each other, and a portion of the low-temperature fluid becomes vapor, but the high-temperature fluid 3 and low-temperature fluid 6, which have lowered their temperatures, are dissolved and temporarily stored in the high-temperature fluid tank 15. After that, it is sent to the heater 2 by the circulation pump 5. on the other hand,
The low-temperature fluid that has turned into steam is led to the turbine and drives the turbine, and is then led to the condenser where the cooling water 10
It is cooled and condensed by The condensate is pressurized by a condensate pump 11 and fed to the direct heat exchanger. Heat balance is achieved by controlling the flow rate of low-temperature fluid in response to changes in the amount of heat input to the plant. In a power generation plant having such a direct heat exchanger, the solubility varies depending on temperature and pressure conditions as shown in FIG. 3, and in order to obtain the same pressure, the higher the solubility, the lower the temperature. This hot fluid temperature affects the boiler efficiency in the heater, and the lower the hot fluid temperature, the higher the generator output. Therefore, in order to maximize the melting of the low-temperature fluid possessed by the plant and to operate stably even under load fluctuations, it is necessary to maintain the condensate level 13 above a certain value in order to protect the condensate pump 11. There is.
そこで、本発明においては、凝縮器９に凝縮液
面水位を検出する検出器１４を設け、この検出値
と、設定器２１によつて予じめ設定された水位と
を比較してその差に基づいて流量制御弁１２を制
御する低温流体流量制御装置２２を設ける。今、
プラントへの入熱量が増加し、高温流体３に伝え
られると入熱量増加以前の低温流体蒸気量と高温
流体温度上昇による溶解していた低温流体の蒸発
との合計された蒸気がタービンから凝縮器に流
れ、凝縮することにより凝縮液面水位が上昇す
る。そこで、その液面水位を検出器１４により検
出し、その変化分に応じて流量制御弁１２を開
き、流量を増加させる。入熱量が減少した場合は
逆に流量制御弁１２を絞り、流量を減少させる。
このようにすれば、プラントの入熱量を常に最大
にでき、プラントの熱容量に関係なく制御できる
ため、安定した運転が可能であるとともに低温流
体タンクが不要である。 Therefore, in the present invention, a detector 14 for detecting the condensate level is provided in the condenser 9, and this detected value is compared with the water level preset by the setting device 21, and the difference is calculated. A cryogenic fluid flow control device 22 is provided to control the flow control valve 12 based on the cryogenic fluid flow rate control device 22 . now,
When the amount of heat input to the plant increases and is transmitted to the high temperature fluid 3, the steam that is the sum of the amount of low temperature fluid vapor before the increase in heat input and the evaporation of the low temperature fluid that was melted due to the rise in the temperature of the high temperature fluid is transferred from the turbine to the condenser. As the condensate flows and condenses, the condensate level rises. Therefore, the liquid level is detected by the detector 14, and the flow rate control valve 12 is opened according to the change in the level to increase the flow rate. When the amount of heat input decreases, the flow control valve 12 is conversely throttled to reduce the flow rate.
In this way, the amount of heat input to the plant can always be maximized and can be controlled regardless of the heat capacity of the plant, allowing stable operation and eliminating the need for a low-temperature fluid tank.
本発明によれば入熱量変化にかかわらず、安定
して良好な熱効率を得る運転が可能である。 According to the present invention, stable operation with good thermal efficiency is possible regardless of changes in heat input.
第１図は直接式熱交換器を用いた低沸点媒体利
用発電プラントの系統図、第２図は従来の制御装
置を示す系統図、第３図は高温流体及び低温流体
の溶解特性図、第４図は本発明の実施例になる制
御装置を用いた場合の系統図を示す。
３……高温流体、４……直接式熱交換器、６…
…低温流体、７……タービン、９……凝縮器、１
１……凝縮液ポンプ、１２……流量制御弁、１３
……凝縮液面水位、１４……水位検出器、２１…
…水位設定器、２２……低温流体流量制御装置。
Figure 1 is a system diagram of a power generation plant using a low boiling point medium using a direct heat exchanger, Figure 2 is a system diagram showing a conventional control device, Figure 3 is a diagram of dissolution characteristics of high temperature fluid and low temperature fluid, FIG. 4 shows a system diagram when a control device according to an embodiment of the present invention is used. 3...High temperature fluid, 4...Direct heat exchanger, 6...
...Cryogenic fluid, 7...Turbine, 9...Condenser, 1
1...Condensate pump, 12...Flow control valve, 13
...Condensate liquid level, 14...Water level detector, 21...
...Water level setting device, 22...Cryogenic fluid flow rate control device.
Claims (1)
触させ、低沸点媒体でなる低温流体を蒸発させて
この蒸気によつてタービンを駆動するようにした
低沸点媒体利用発電プラントにおいて、前記ター
ビン駆動後の蒸気を凝縮する凝縮器内の凝縮液面
水位を検出し、この液面水位に基づいて、前記直
接式熱交換器に循環する凝縮液量を制御すること
を特徴とする低沸点媒体利用発電プラントの運転
制御方法。 ２ 加熱源となる高温流体とタービン作動媒体と
なる低温流体を直接接触させ、低沸点媒体でなる
低温流体を蒸発させる直接式熱交換器と、前記低
温流体蒸気によつて駆動されるタービンと、ター
ビン駆動後の蒸気を凝縮させる凝縮器と、凝縮液
を加圧するポンプと、この凝縮液の直接式熱交換
器への供給流量を制御する流量制御弁とを含んで
構成される低沸点媒体利用発電プラントにおい
て、前記凝縮器内の凝縮液面水位を検出する検出
器と、予じめ凝縮液面水位の所定の値に設定する
設定器と、前記検出器および設定器の両方より発
せられる信号に基づいて、前記流量制御弁の開度
を決定する低温流体流量制御装置よりなることを
特徴とする低沸点媒体利用発電プラントの運転制
御装置。[Claims] 1. Utilization of a low-boiling point medium in which a high-temperature fluid and a low-temperature fluid are brought into contact in a direct heat exchanger, the low-temperature fluid consisting of a low-boiling point medium is evaporated, and the steam is used to drive a turbine. In a power generation plant, a condensate level in a condenser that condenses steam after the turbine is driven is detected, and an amount of condensed liquid circulating to the direct heat exchanger is controlled based on this liquid level. A method for controlling the operation of a power generation plant using low boiling point media. 2. A direct heat exchanger that brings a high-temperature fluid serving as a heating source into direct contact with a low-temperature fluid serving as a turbine working medium to evaporate the low-temperature fluid made of a low-boiling point medium, and a turbine driven by the low-temperature fluid vapor; A low-boiling point medium that uses a condenser that condenses steam after the turbine is driven, a pump that pressurizes the condensate, and a flow control valve that controls the flow rate of the condensate supplied to the direct heat exchanger. In a power generation plant, a detector for detecting a condensate level in the condenser, a setting device for setting the condensate level to a predetermined value in advance, and a signal emitted from both the detector and the setting device. An operation control device for a power generation plant using a low boiling point medium, comprising a low temperature fluid flow rate control device that determines the opening degree of the flow rate control valve based on the following.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8814979A JPS5614812A (en) | 1979-07-13 | 1979-07-13 | Method and apparatus for controlling operation of low-boiling medium utilizing power plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8814979A JPS5614812A (en) | 1979-07-13 | 1979-07-13 | Method and apparatus for controlling operation of low-boiling medium utilizing power plant |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5614812A JPS5614812A (en) | 1981-02-13 |
| JPS6115247B2 true JPS6115247B2 (en) | 1986-04-23 |
Family
ID=13934869
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8814979A Granted JPS5614812A (en) | 1979-07-13 | 1979-07-13 | Method and apparatus for controlling operation of low-boiling medium utilizing power plant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5614812A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4686831A (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1987-08-18 | Silva Robert E | System and method of delivering low/pressure/low temperature fluids into high pressure/high temperature heat exchangers by means of alternate pressure equalization |
| JPH0672418B2 (en) * | 1985-05-09 | 1994-09-14 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | Continuous underground wall |
-
1979
- 1979-07-13 JP JP8814979A patent/JPS5614812A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5614812A (en) | 1981-02-13 |
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