JPS61130513A - Low-reaction fender - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain excellent buffer characteristics of low reaction by a method in which a fender body with a hollow chamber is formed of an elastic materials, e.g., rubber, etc., and a plastic material is housed partly in the hollow chamber. CONSTITUTION:Chambers 4 and 5 are provided on the upside and downside of a fender body 1 formed on an elastic material, e.g., rubber, etc., and connected with a communication path 6. A plastic material 3 is packed into the lower chamber 5. When the fender is pressed by a ship, the fender body 1 is pushed to cause an elastic deformation, and thereby the hollow chamber 2 is deformed and the plastic material 3 is pushed up to the upper chamber 4 through the path 6. The elastic deformation of the fender body 1 can thus be suppressed and delayed, whereby permitting the shore contact energy of a ship to be absorbed exactly and also the abrupt increase of reaction to be suppressed.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is applicable to mooring facilities such as quays and sea berths.
This invention relates to a low-reaction force fender for effectively mitigating the impact of ships coming alongside.

[Conventional technology and its problems] Fenders are usually made of rubber, and their basic function is the ability to absorb the berthing energy of ships. However, due to parallel movement, rolling, and pitching of the ship when berthed, extremely large forces are applied to the fender, and Rikihi et al. Rubber materials were used, and the absorption of berthing energy often relied solely on the elasticity of the rubber. Therefore, if the berthing energy is large, a large force is applied to the quay wall etc. at once, which tends to generate a large reaction force.

However, under the current situation where the steel materials of the ship's hull are becoming increasingly abrasive, it is desirable to reduce this reaction force in order to protect the ship's hull. Furthermore, repeated rapid reaction forces on offshore structures such as sea berths can lead to a decrease in the durability of the structure and an increase in the amount of displacement, which may eventually cause damage to the ship.

Therefore, in the past, hydraulic or pneumatic rubber fenders, for example, have been devised with the aim of reducing the reaction force, but they have failed to provide any improvement or have structural problems. However, it has not been put into practical use due to complications and problems with durability.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a low-reaction-force fender that has a low reaction force and low-reaction buffering properties, has a simple structure, and is inexpensive. .

Means and operation for solving the L problem] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention forms a fender main body having a hollow chamber from an elastic material such as rubber, and a part of the hollow chamber is made of a plastic material. A fender with low reaction force is constructed by incorporating objects, and it is possible to effectively combine the elasticity of elastic materials and the plasticity of plastic materials to obtain optimal impact reinforcement characteristics with low reaction force. This is what I did.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. 1 in the figure is a fender body made of rubber or a rubber-like elastic material, which is approximately rectangular in shape with a predetermined thickness, and the periphery of the back side (right side in Figure 2) is outside. It protrudes toward the side and is attached to the edge 1a. A hollow chamber 2 is formed inside the fender main body 1, and a plastic material 3 is housed in a part of the hollow chamber 2.

That is, inside the fender main body 1, in its upper part, there are a plurality of circular cross-sections having the same shape.
, with each center line facing the thickness direction (horizontal direction in Fig. 2) of the fender main body 1, and the longitudinal direction (horizontal direction in Fig. 1).
In the lower part thereof, at positions corresponding to the lower part of each of the upper chambers 4, there are a plurality of lower chambers 5 having substantially the same shape and forming a pair with the upper chamber 4, each of which has a center line. are similarly formed in the thickness direction of the fender main body 1,
These upper v4 and lower chamber 5 are in a vertical positional relationship with each other, and a communication path 6 of a predetermined diameter extends in the vertical direction.
They are connected to each other by. The interior of each of the lower chambers 5 is filled with a plastic material 3.

Here, the plastic material 3 is solid or semi-solid (paste-like), and causes plastic deformation in accordance with the deformation of the hollow chamber 2 accompanying the elastic deformation of the fender main body 1. It has the fluidity to flow inside. And this plastic material 3
Usually, powdered solid particles such as clay, ore powder, fine sand, finely divided iron oxide, alumina, and polymers are mixed with oil, water,
By adding polymeric liquid, bituminous material, and other highly viscous liquids, and additives such as dispersants, plasticizers, and thickeners as necessary,
A plastic kneaded material produced by kneading is used, for example, oil clay is used.

Furthermore, when the plastic material 3 is plastically deformed due to the elastic deformation of the fender main body 1, the communication passages 6 allow the plastic material 3 to be transferred from each lower palm 5 to each upper chamber 4, or from each upper chamber 4 to each upper chamber 4. It serves as a passage when moving from the chamber 4 to each lower chamber 5, and it restricts the movement of the plastic material 3, and its size (cross-sectional area) is determined by the softness of the plastic material 3, It is decided depending on the composition etc. Although they are usually much narrower than the upper toe 4 and the lower toe 5, they must be narrow enough to ensure movement of the plastic material 3.

Thus, the fender with the above-mentioned structure has the back surface of the fender main body 1 in contact with the side surface of the quay 7, for example, and the fixing bolts 8 fixed to the quay 7 are attached to the edge 1a, so that the fender 7 can be attached to the quay 7. will be equipped. When a ship approaches the shore and hits this fender, the fender main body 1 is pressed from the front side,
It undergoes elastic deformation, shrinks in the thickness direction, and extends in the length direction and vertical direction, but at this time, the hollow chamber 2 is deformed,
The plastic material 3 filled in each lower chamber 5 undergoes plastic deformation and is pushed up from each communication path 6 to each upper v4.

Here, the plastic material 3 is a plastic kneaded material such as oil clay, and since it initially flows slowly compared to air or liquid, the fender main body 1 is likely to undergo rapid elastic deformation. Even so, the movement of the plastic material 3 progresses only gradually. For this reason,
Elastic deformation of the fender main body 1 is suppressed by the resistance of the plastic material 3.

In addition, each communication path 6 through which the plastic material 3 is transferred is connected to each lower chamber 5.
Since the cross-sectional area is significantly narrower than that of
This restriction also suppresses and delays the elastic deformation of the fender main body 1. Therefore, the berthing energy of the ship is reliably absorbed by the fender main body 1 and the plastic material 3, and furthermore, the plastic material 3 suppresses a sudden increase in reaction force acting on the ship and the quay wall 7.

On the other hand, when the ship leaves the shore, the fender main body 1 returns to its original shape due to its elastic force as the ship moves, and
The plastic objects 3 pushed up into the upper chambers 4 return to the lower chambers 5 through the communication paths 6 due to their own weight, but at this time as well, the movement of the plastic objects 3 is restricted by its physical properties and the communication paths 6. Therefore, the shape of the fender main body 1 is gradually restored.

In this manner, the above-mentioned fender receives the berthing energy of the ship while effectively relaxing the elastic force of the fender main body 1 by the plastic material 3, so that the berthing energy is reliably absorbed and at the same time, The reaction force against the ship and the quay 7 can be significantly reduced. Therefore, there is no risk of problems such as damage to the ship or reduction in the durability of the quay 7. Furthermore, the fender has an extremely simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and is highly durable.

By the way, in the above embodiment, the upper chamber 4 and the lower chamber 5 that form a pair with each other do not need to be on the same vertical line, and in the above example, the upper chamber 4 is located 46 in the vertical direction of the fender main body 1. Although only one pair of lower and lower chambers 5 are provided, two pairs may be provided as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, or more may be provided. Roughly, a pair of upper chambers 4
The number of the upper and upper chambers 5 is not limited to one each, but may be arbitrary, for example, as shown in FIG. It is not limited to those of In addition, the upper chamber 4 is made larger than the lower chamber 5 so that the plastic material 3 can easily enter.
As shown in FIG. 6, the lower part of the inner wall has an inclined surface 4a.
may be formed to make it easier for the plastic material 3 to descend,
It is also possible to adjust the amount of the plastic material 3 built into the hollow chamber 2 to change the volume of the hollow space of the hollow space 2, thereby facilitating the movement of the plastic material 3. Further, although the chamber 4 above the hollow chamber 2 normally contains air at atmospheric pressure, the pressure may be slightly reduced to facilitate the movement of the plastic material 3.

In addition, the number of communication passages 6 is not limited to one for each pair of upper chamber 4 and lower chamber 5 as shown in the figure;
There may be a plurality of them, and their length and other dimensions are also arbitrary. Also,
If the plastic material 3 is hard and can take enough time for plastic deformation, the communication path 6 may be enlarged accordingly, or in some cases, it may be eliminated to form a single hollow chamber 2.

In general, if the fender shown in the above embodiment is used in combination with other rubber fender, it is possible to obtain a fender with even better cushioning properties. Figures 7 to 10 show an example of such a case, in which 10 is a fender whose basic structure is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2;
12 is a first rubber fender provided between the fender 10 and the quay 7, and 12 is a second rubber fender laminated on the front side of the fender 10.

The fender 10 is the fender according to the first embodiment, in which the fender main body 1 is attached by removing the edge 1a, and attaching the fender main body 1 to an appropriate position on the peripheral edge portion of the fender main body 1. It forms a concave part 13 opening in the circumferential direction, and each of its four parts 13
It has a structure in which a plurality of through holes 14 are drilled to communicate with the fender main body 1 in the thickness direction.

Further, the first rubber fender 11 is a hollow member having a substantially rectangular shape with the same large serrations and a predetermined thickness as the fender 1o, and has a mounting edge 15 formed on the periphery of its back surface. and
It is made of rubber or a rubber-like elastic material that has stronger elasticity than the fender 10. A plurality of through holes 16 are bored coaxially with the through holes 14 in the thickness direction at positions corresponding to the through holes 14 of the fender 10 on the peripheral edge of the fender 10. Each cylindrical member 18 having one end of a plate 17 fixed to the inside of the hole 16 has a shaft hole 17a in the center, and the outer surface of the plate 17 corresponds to the back surface of the first rubber fender 11. It is coaxially fitted into the back surface so that it is embedded in the back surface.

On the other hand, the second rubber fender 12 has a plurality of suction cup-like protrusions 20 on the front surface of one substantially rectangular substrate having the same size as the fender 10 and covering substantially the entire surface thereof. It is formed of rubber or a rubber-like elastic material that has a weaker elastic force than the fender 10, and the tip (the peripheral part of the plate 19 corresponding to each m through hole 14 of the fender 10) At this position, a plurality of through holes 21 passing through the substrate 19 in the thickness direction are bored coaxially with each of the through holes 14 described above.

The first rubber fender 11 has a plurality of fixing bolts 2 fixed to the quay wall 7 with mortar grout 22.
3 into the hole in the edge 15, and tighten each fixing bolt 2.
It is fixed to the quay wall 7 by screwing each nut 24 from the tip of 3.

In addition, a plurality of right bottom cylindrical part shrines 25 are embedded in the quay wall 7 at positions corresponding to each cylindrical member 18 of the first rubber fender 11, and each hollow hole 26 extending each cylindrical member 18 is embedded in the quay wall 7. The fender 10 and the first rubber fender 11 have a plurality of connecting bolts movably inserted into each through hole 14, inside each cylindrical member 18, and each hollow hole 26. 27
They are interconnected to allow elastic deformation.

That is, each nut 29 is screwed through each washer 28 to the tip of each of the connection ports 1 to 27 that protrudes into each recess 13 of the fender 10, and the MQ in each hollow hole 26 is Each slide plate 3 has a hole inside each hollow hole 26.
0 is fixed, and each connecting bolt 27 is fitted with a spring 31 which has one end abutted on each of the washers 28 and the other end abutted on each of the plays 1 to 17, respectively. Each connecting bolt 27 moves in the axial direction following the elastic deformation of the fender 10.11.

Further, the second rubber fender 12 and the fender 10 have a plurality of connecting bolts 3 inserted into each through hole 21.14.
2 allows for elastic deformation and is interconnected. That is, the tips of each of the connecting bolts 32 protrude to the front side of the base plate 19 of the second rubber fender 12, and the Wfg side is provided on the inner surface of each recess 13 of the fender 10 coaxially with the m through hole 14. Each recess 1 is inserted through a fixed cylindrical guide member 33.
3, and a washer 3 is attached to each end of the protrusion.
Nuts 36.37 are screwed through 4.35, and
Each connecting bolt 32 is fitted with a spring 38 , which is blown into each guide member 33 and has one end abutting on the inner surface of each of the four parts 13 and the other end abutting each washer 35 .

In this way, in the above-mentioned combination type fender, the second rubber fender 12 with weak elasticity is provided on the most surface layer,
Next, a low reaction force fender 10 according to the present invention is provided, and a first rubber fender 11 with strong elasticity is further provided in contact with the quay 7.
is installed. Therefore, the contact 1V energy of the ship is first absorbed by the second rubber fender 12, and then sequentially absorbed by the fender 10 and the first rubber fender 11. Since the elasticity of the fender 12 is weak, the reaction force at the initial stage of coming alongside is small, and the next fender 10 effectively combines elasticity and plasticity to absorb the energy of coming alongside, so the reaction force is approximately Upper bound at constant fFa,
Furthermore, since the first rubber fender 11 has strong elasticity, even when the berthing energy is strong, it reliably absorbs it and minimizes the force applied to the quay wall 7. In addition, the plurality of suction cup-like protrusions 20 flexibly follow rolling, pitching, parallel movement, etc. when a ship approaches the berth, and effectively absorb the frictional force. Therefore, the berthing energy is effectively absorbed not only when the ship hits the fender at right angles but also when the ship comes alongside the fender at an angle.

In general, in the above, the fender 10 and the first rubber fender 11 are connected by a connecting bolt 27 that is movable in the axial direction, and the connecting bolt 27 is provided with a spring 3.
1 is externally fitted, and the connection between the fender 10 and the rubber fender 12 of @2 is also made by a connecting bolt 32 to which a spring 38 is externally fitted, so each fender 10.11
．． The elastic deformation of fenders 10, 11, and 12 is not hindered, and each fender 10, 11, and 12 can be easily replaced, for example, when the fenders become obsolete or when the size, frequency, etc. of q) are significantly changed. By smell, it can be easily replaced with something new or suitable for the situation.

Incidentally, by attaching a buffer plate to the tip of the suction cup-like protrusion 2° of the second rubber fender 12 so as to cover the opening of the protrusion 20, it is possible to more flexibly respond to the displacement of the berthing position and angle of the ship. can be made possible. Further, if the second rubber fender 12 has a lower elasticity than the fender 10, 6. Its shape etc. is arbitrary, and the first rubber fender 11
The shape and the like may be arbitrary as long as it has stronger elasticity than the fender 10, for example, it may have a multi-dimensional structure.

Further, the fenders 10, 11, 12 may be laminated and connected by adhesion, or the whole may be manufactured as one piece. In addition, depending on the size of the ship and the frequency of coming alongside, the first rubber fender 11 may be omitted and the second rubber fender 1 may be replaced.
Of course, a combination of only the fender 10 and the fender 10 may be used.

[Effect of the Invention J As explained above, according to the low reaction force fender of the present invention, the elasticity of the fender body and the gradual deformation movement of the plastic material built into the hollow chamber of the fender body In addition to being able to accurately absorb the energy of a ship being berthed, it was also possible to suppress the rapid increase in reaction force against the ship and quay, etc.
As a result, the hull of the ship can be reliably protected when coming alongside, and the long-term durability of the mooring facility can be ensured. In addition, since there is less reaction force, the repeated berthing force of the ship due to waves and wind is less transmitted even when the ship is moored, and since it does not rely solely on rubber elasticity as in the past, the rubber material is of low quality. But it's often cheap. Furthermore, by using it in combination with other rubber fenders, it is possible to easily construct a fender that has cushioning properties and durability appropriate for the size of the ship and the frequency of coming alongside.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 show one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view, and FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway front view.
3 to 6 show other embodiments, FIGS. 3 and 5 are partially cutaway front views, and FIG. 4 is the IV of FIG. 3. A sectional view taken along line -IV, and FIG. 6 is also a sectional view. Furthermore, FIGS. 7 to 10 show an example in which the fender according to the present invention is combined with a rubber fender for a pond. FIG. 7 is a front view, and FIG. 8 is a front view of FIG. (2) A sectional view taken in the direction of arrows, FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the inside of the IX length in FIG. 8, and FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the inside of the X length. 1...Fender main body, 2...Hollow chamber, 3
...Plastic material, 4...Upper end, 5...
...Lower chamber, 6...Communication 't8゜Fig. 8 Fig. 4 ■ ■ Fig. 51 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A fender with low reaction force, characterized in that the fender main body having a hollow chamber is made of an elastic material such as rubber, and a part of the hollow chamber contains a plastic material. (2) The hollow chamber according to claim 1, wherein the hollow chamber is composed of an upper chamber and a lower chamber that are communicated with each other by a communication passage, and a plastic material is housed in the lower chamber. Reactive fender.