JPH0127206B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a low-reaction force fender for effectively mitigating the impact of ships coming alongside in mooring facilities such as quays and sea berths.

[Conventional technology and its problems] Fenders are usually made of rubber, and their basic function is the ability to absorb the berthing energy of ships, and the shape, dimensions, reaction force, and other conditions suitable for this function are important. However, due to the parallel movement, rolling, and pitting of the ship when berthed, extremely large frictional forces are applied to the fender.
In the past, expensive rubber materials were inevitably used, and the absorption of berthing energy often relied solely on the elasticity of the rubber. Therefore, if the berthing energy is large, a large force is applied to the quay wall etc. at once, which tends to generate a large reaction force. However, in the current situation where ship hull steel is becoming thinner, it is desirable to reduce this reaction force in order to protect the ship hull. Furthermore, repeated rapid reaction forces against offshore structures such as sea berths can lead to a decrease in the durability of the structure and an increase in the amount of displacement, which may eventually cause damage to the ship.

Therefore, in the past, hydraulic or pneumatic rubber fenders, for example, have been devised for the purpose of reducing the reaction force, but they have not produced sufficient improvement effects or are structurally complex. However, it has not been put into practical use due to problems such as deterioration or durability.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and
It is an object of the present invention to provide a low reaction force fender which has a small reaction force and excellent buffering properties, and which has a simple structure and is inexpensive.

[Means and effects for solving the problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention forms a fender main body having a hollow chamber from an elastic material such as rubber, and a part of the hollow chamber is made of a plastic material. This is a fender with low reaction force built-in, which effectively combines the elasticity of an elastic material and the plasticity of a plastic material to obtain optimal cushioning characteristics with low reaction force. It is something.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

1 in the figure is a fender main body made of rubber or a rubber-like elastic material, which has a substantially rectangular shape with a predetermined thickness, and the periphery of the back side (right side in Figure 2) is outward. The mounting edge 1a is protruded from the mounting edge 1a.
It is said that A hollow chamber 2 is formed inside the fender main body 1, and a plastic material 3 is housed in a part of the hollow chamber 2.

That is, inside the fender main body 1, in its upper part, there are a plurality of upper chambers 4 each having the same shape and having a circular cross section, with each center line extending in the thickness direction ( They are formed in parallel in the length direction (the left-right direction in FIG. 1) in the left-right direction in FIG. A plurality of lower chambers 5 having substantially the same shape as a pair with the chamber 4 are formed with their respective center lines facing the thickness direction of the fender main body 1, and these upper chambers 4 and lower chambers 5 , which are vertically positioned relative to each other, are communicated with each other by communication passages 6 having a predetermined diameter and extending in the vertical direction. The interior of each of the lower chambers 5 is filled with a plastic material 3.

Here, the plastic material 3 is solid or semi-solid (paste-like), and causes plastic deformation in accordance with the deformation of the hollow chamber 2 accompanying the elastic deformation of the fender main body 1. It has the fluidity to flow inside. The plastic material 3 is usually clay, ore powder, fine sand, fine powdered iron oxide, alumina,
Powdered solid particles such as polymers are kneaded with oil, water, polymer liquid, bituminous material, and other highly viscous liquids, with additives such as dispersants, plasticizers, and thickeners added as necessary. The plastic kneaded material produced by
For example, oil clay is used.

Furthermore, when the plastic material 3 is plastically deformed due to the elastic deformation of the fender main body 1, the communication passages 6 allow the plastic material 3 to flow from each lower chamber 5 to each upper chamber 4, or from each upper chamber 4 to each upper chamber 4. It serves as a passage when moving from the chamber 4 to each lower chamber 5, and it restricts the movement of the plastic material 3, and its size (cross-sectional area) depends on the softness of the plastic material 3, It is decided depending on the composition etc. The plastic material 3 is usually narrower than the upper chamber 4 and the lower chamber 5.
It must be possible to secure the movement of people.

Therefore, the fender with the above configuration has a fender main body 1
It is installed on the quay wall 7 by abutting the back surface of, for example, against the side surface of the quay wall 7, and attaching the fixing bolt 8 fixed to the quay wall 7 to its attachment edge 1a. When a ship approaches the berth and hits this fender, the fender main body 1 is pressed from the front side and undergoes elastic deformation, shrinking in the thickness direction and expanding in the length and vertical directions. At this time, the hollow chamber 2 is deformed and the plastic material 3 filled in the chambers 5 below each of the hollow chambers 2 is deformed.
causes plastic deformation, and from each communication passage 6 to each upper chamber 4
be pushed up.

Here, the plastic material 3 is a plastic kneaded material such as oil clay, and since it flows with a slower movement than air or liquid, the fender main body 1 is likely to undergo rapid elastic deformation. Even so, the movement of the plastic material 3 progresses only gradually. Therefore, elastic deformation of the fender main body 1 is suppressed by the resistance of the plastic material 3.
Furthermore, since the cross-sectional area of each communication passage 6 through which the plastic material 3 moves is significantly narrower than that of each lower chamber 5, the movement of the plastic material 3 is restricted in each communication passage 6. This restriction also suppresses and delays the elastic deformation of the fender main body 1. Therefore, the berthing energy of the ship is reliably absorbed by the fender main body 1 and the plastic material 3, and moreover, the plastic material 3 suppresses a sudden increase in reaction force acting on the ship and the quay wall 7.

On the other hand, when a ship leaves the berth, the fender main body 1 returns to its original shape due to its elastic force as the ship moves, and the plastic materials 3 pushed up into the upper chambers 4 also due to their own weight. It returns to each lower chamber 5 through each communication path 6, but at this time as well, the movement of the plastic material 3 is restricted by its physical properties and each communication path 6, so the shape of the fender main body 1 is gradually restored. Ru.

In this way, in the case of the above-mentioned fender, the elastic force of the fender main body 1 is effectively relaxed by the plastic material 3 while receiving the berthing energy of the ship, so that the berthing energy can be reliably absorbed. at the same time,
The reaction force against the ship and the quay 7 can be significantly reduced. Therefore, ship damage and quay 7
There is no risk of problems such as a decrease in durability.
Furthermore, the fender has an extremely simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and is highly durable.

By the way, in the above embodiment, the upper chamber 4 and the lower chamber 5, which are paired with each other, do not need to be on the same vertical line. Although only one pair of chambers 5 are provided, two pairs may be provided as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, or more may be provided. Furthermore, the number of upper chambers 4 and lower chambers 5 that form a pair is not limited to one each; for example, as shown in FIG.
They may have any shape, and their shapes are not limited to those shown. Furthermore,
The upper chamber 4 is made larger than the lower chamber 5 so that the plastic material 3 can easily enter therein, or, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to adjust the amount of the plastic material 3 built into the hollow chamber 2 to change the volume of the hollow space of the hollow chamber 2, thereby facilitating the movement of the plastic material 3. . Further, although the chamber 4 above the hollow chamber 2 normally contains air at atmospheric pressure, the pressure may be slightly reduced to facilitate the movement of the plastic material 3.

In addition, the number of communicating passages 6 is not limited to one for each pair of upper chamber 4 and lower chamber 5 as shown in the figure, but may be plural, and dimensions such as length etc. may be arbitrary. It is. In addition, if the plastic material 3 is hard and sufficient plastic deformation time can be obtained with just that, the communication path 6 can be enlarged accordingly, or in some cases, it can be eliminated to form a single hollow chamber 2. .

Furthermore, when the fender shown in the above embodiment is used in combination with other rubber fender, it is possible to obtain a fender with even better cushioning properties. Figures 7 to 10 show an example of such a case.
0 is a fender whose basic structure is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and 11 is a first rubber fender provided between the fender 10 and the quay 7. The fender 12 is a second rubber fender laminated on the front side of the fender 10.

In the fender according to the first embodiment, the fender 10 has an attachment edge 1a of the fender main body 1.
and form a plurality of recesses 13 opening in the circumferential direction at appropriate positions on the peripheral edge of the fender main body 1, and communicating with each recess 13 to form the fender main body 1 in the thickness direction. It has a structure in which a plurality of through holes 14 are formed therethrough.

Further, the first rubber fender 11 is a hollow one having a substantially rectangular shape with the same size and predetermined thickness as the fender 10, and has an attachment edge 1 attached to the periphery of the back surface thereof.
5 is formed of rubber or a rubber-like elastic material having a stronger elastic force than the fender 10. A plurality of through holes 16 penetrating in the thickness direction are bored coaxially with each of the through holes 14 in the fender 10 at positions corresponding to the through holes 14 of the fender 10 in the peripheral portion thereof. Inside the hole 16, each cylindrical member 18 having an axial hole 17a in the center thereof is fixed at one end.
The outer surface of the plate 17 is the first rubber fender 11
It is coaxially fitted and embedded in the back surface so as to match the back surface of the .

On the other hand, the second rubber fender 12 has a substantially rectangular substrate 1 having the same size as the fender 10.
A plurality of suction cup-shaped protrusions 20 are formed on the front surface of the fender 10 over almost the entire surface thereof.
The substrate 19 is made of rubber or a rubber-like elastic material having a weaker elastic force, and is provided with a plurality of holes penetrating the substrate 19 in the thickness direction at positions corresponding to the respective through holes 14 of the fender 10 at the peripheral portion of the substrate 19. A through hole 21 is formed coaxially with each of the through holes 14 described above.

Then, the first rubber fender 11 is attached to the quay wall 7.
A plurality of fixing bolts 23 fixed by mortar grout 22 are inserted into the holes in the mounting edge 15, and each nut 24 is inserted from the tip of each fixing bolt 23.
It is fixed to the quay wall 7 by screwing.

Further, a plurality of bottomed cylindrical members 25 are embedded in the quay wall 7 at positions corresponding to the respective cylindrical members 18 of the first rubber fender 11, and hollow holes 26 are formed to extend each cylindrical member 18. The above fender 1
0 and the first rubber fender 11 are allowed to be elastically deformed by a plurality of connecting bolts 27 movably inserted into each through hole 14, each cylindrical member 18, and each hollow hole 26. interconnected. That is, each nut 29 is screwed to the tip of each of the connecting bolts 27 that protrudes into each of the recesses 13 of the fender 10 via each washer 28, and each nut 29 is screwed to the base end of each of the hollow holes 26. is each hollow hole 26
Each slide plate 30 that slides inside is fixed, and each spring 31 is fitted onto each connecting bolt 27, one end of which abuts against each of the washers 28 and the other end of which abuts against each of the plates 17. The connecting bolts 27 are configured to move in the axial direction following the elastic deformation of the fenders 10 and 11.

Further, the second rubber fender 12 and the fender 10 are connected to each other by a plurality of connecting bolts 32 inserted through the through holes 21 and 14, allowing elastic deformation. That is, the tips of each of the connecting bolts 32 are connected to the base plate 1 of the second rubber fender 12.
The proximal end of the fender 10 is inserted into a cylindrical guide member 33 coaxially fixed to the through hole 14 on the inner surface of each recess 13 of the fender 10.
Nuts 36 and 37 are screwed onto both ends thereof through washers 34 and 35, respectively, and each connecting bolt 32 has one end attached to the inner surface of each recess 13 and the other end attached to each washer. A spring 38 is fitted onto each guide member 33 so as to abut on each of the guide members 35 .

In this way, in the combination type fender described above, the second rubber fender 12 with weak elasticity is provided on the most surface layer, and then the low reaction force fender 10 according to the present invention is provided. A first rubber fender 11 having strong elasticity is further provided in contact with the quay wall 7. Therefore, the berthing energy of the ship is first absorbed by the second rubber fender 12, and then sequentially by the fender 10 and the first rubber fender 11. Since the elasticity of the fender 12 is weak, the reaction force at the beginning of coming alongside is small, and
Since the next fender 10 effectively combines elasticity and plasticity to absorb berthing energy, its reaction force increases at a substantially constant value, and furthermore, the first rubber fender 11 has strong elasticity. Because of this, even when the berthing energy is strong, it can be absorbed reliably and the quay 7
minimize the force applied to In addition, the plurality of suction cup-like protrusions 20 flexibly follow rolling, pitching, parallel movement, etc. when a ship approaches the berth, and effectively absorb the frictional force. Therefore, the berthing energy is effectively absorbed not only when the ship hits the fender at right angles but also when the ship comes alongside the fender at an angle.

Further, in the above, the fender 10 and the first rubber fender 11 are connected by the connecting bolt 27 which is movable in the axial direction, and the spring 31 is fitted onto the connecting bolt 27. Furthermore, since the fender 10 and the second rubber fender 12 are connected by a connecting bolt 32 fitted with a spring 38, each fender 10, 11, 12
In addition, each fender 10, 11, and 12 can be easily replaced, so that new fenders can be replaced, for example, when the fenders become obsolete or when the size or frequency of the ship changes significantly. It can be easily replaced with one that suits the situation.

Note that the sucker-like protrusion 20 of the second rubber fender 12
By attaching a buffer plate to the tip of the projection 20 so as to cover the opening of the projection 20, it is possible to more flexibly respond to the berthing position and angular displacement of the ship. The second rubber fender 12 may have any shape as long as it has a lower elasticity than the fender 10, and the first rubber fender 11 also has an elasticity stronger than the fender 10. The shape and the like may be arbitrary, as long as the shape is a multilocular structure.

Further, the fenders 10, 11, 12 may be laminated and connected by adhesion or may be manufactured as a whole. In addition, depending on the size of the ship and the frequency of coming alongside, it is of course possible to eliminate the first rubber fender 11 and use a combination of only the second rubber fender 12 and fender 10. good.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the low reaction force fender of the present invention, the elasticity of the fender body and the gradual deformation movement of the plastic material contained in the hollow chamber of the fender body are Therefore, it is possible to accurately absorb the energy of a ship coming alongside the berth, and also to suppress a sudden increase in the reaction force against the ship and the quay. long-term durability can be ensured. In addition, since the reaction force is small, even when the ship is moored, the repeated berthing force of the ship due to waves and wind is reduced, and
Since it does not rely solely on rubber elasticity as in the past, the rubber material can be of low quality and inexpensive. Furthermore, by using it in combination with other rubber fenders, it is possible to easily construct a fender that has cushioning properties and durability appropriate for the size of the ship and the frequency of coming alongside.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 and 2 show one embodiment of the present invention, with Figure 1 being a partially cutaway front view and Figure 2 being a partially cutaway front view.
The figure is a sectional view taken along the - line in Figure 1, and Figures 3 to 6 show other embodiments, Figures 3 and 5 are partially cutaway front views, and Figure 4 is a partially cutaway front view. A sectional view taken along the line - in FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 are also sectional views.
Furthermore, FIGS. 7 to 10 show an example in which the fender according to the present invention is combined with other rubber fenders. FIG. 7 is a front view, and FIG. 8 is an arrow shown in FIG. A cross-sectional view, FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the oval part in FIG. 8,
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the oval portion. 1...Fender body, 2...Hollow chamber, 3...Plastic material, 4...Upper chamber, 5...Lower chamber, 6...Communication passage.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A low reaction force fender, characterized in that a fender main body having a hollow chamber is formed of an elastic material such as rubber, and a part of the hollow chamber contains a plastic material. 2. The low reaction force according to claim 1, wherein the hollow chamber is composed of an upper chamber and a lower chamber that are communicated with each other by a communication passage, and a plastic material is housed in the lower chamber. Sex fender.