JPS6085803A - Chip shredding method and its device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make a chip finer with pressure applied to the chip by injecting high pressure liquid to the tip rake face of a cutting tool. CONSTITUTION:Cutting process is carried out by injecting high pressure liquid 5 to the tip-rake face of a cutting tool 2. The chip 6 is spirally curled with a radius of curvature rho. Near the cutting point Q, the material 1 to be machined and the chip 6 become plastic, and in such condition an injection force W of high pressure liquid acts on the chip 6. Thus, since the shearing slip direction varies to produce bending deformation, bending moment is generated at the cutting point Q, so that the chip 6 is continuously curled. As a result, the radius of curvature rho of a curl of the chip 6 becomes smaller and the chip is cut off by shock.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for shredding chips that can efficiently shred chips generated during cutting and significantly improve the processing properties of the chips.

Continuous chips are generated during cutting, especially during turning and boring, which wrap around the cutting tool or the rigid material.
It deteriorates the surface roughness of the workpiece and causes damage to the cutting tool, which is an important problem in terms of quality control and production technology at the work site. Continuous chips are also dangerous to the operator and can lead to disasters. Furthermore, unmanned machining is being promoted in line with the promotion of automation and labor saving in recent years, but continuous generation of chips can cause the chips to wrap around tools, workpieces, and other parts of the processing machine such as the turret. This is the biggest obstacle to unmanned operation, as it can cause problems and requires operator supervision.

Therefore, in order to dispose of continuous chips, a method is often used in which a chig-play force is applied to the cutting tool to bend and break the chips into fine pieces.

When processing chips using a chip f2 rake, when the depth of cut is one to several steps and the thickness of the chips is thick, as in rough machining, the bending of the surface layer of the chips is high stress and is relatively easy to break. Therefore, it is effective, but if the cutting conditions are such that the depth of cut is less than tfo, 5+w and the thickness of chips becomes thin,
Even if it is bent with a chip breaker, the chips are thin and the bending stress on the surface layer is small, so it is difficult to break, so this is not an effective processing method.

The present invention has been made in view of the current situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for shredding chips that can reliably and efficiently shred even when the thickness of generated chips is thin. The chip shredding method of the present invention which achieves the purpose of chip cutting involves spraying a high-pressure liquid of 10~/- or more towards the rake face of the cutting edge of a cutting tool with its injection angle being horizontal and from the direction in which chips flow out. Inject the chips in a range of 60 degrees and in a range of 0 degrees to 55 degrees in the vertical direction so as to press the chips against the unprocessed side of the rigid material,
The curvature radius of this cutting curl is reduced and made finer, and the structure of the chip shredding device is such that a support is provided near the tool stand on which the cutting tool is attached, and this support An injection nozzle is provided on the stand via at least one of a horizontal angle adjustment mechanism that can adjust the horizontal angle around one point and a vertical angle adjustment mechanism that can adjust the vertical angle around the one point. 10
The present invention is characterized in that it includes a supply means for supplying high pressure liquid of Kf/lri or more.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the principle when an embodiment of the chip shredding method of the present invention is applied to turning.

A rigid material 1, which is attached to a chuck and driven to rotate, is being turned by a cutting tool 2 attached to a tool rest, while a jet nozzle 4 sprays high-pressure liquid 5 toward the rake face 3 of the cutting tool 2. For example, when water, cutting oil, etc. are injected and the high-pressure liquid 5 hits the chips 6, the chips 6 are transferred to the unprocessed side 1a of the workpiece 1.
It is designed to be pressed.

When the cutting tool 2 is cut while injecting the high-pressure liquid 5 toward the rake face 3 of the cutting edge, the chips 6 are curled in a spiral shape with a radius of curvature ρ. This is because, as shown in an enlarged view of the cutting point part in Fig. 2, the workpiece 1 and the chips 6 are in a plastic state near the cutting point Q, and the high-pressure liquid 5 is applied to the chips 6 in the kernel state. When the injection force W acts, the direction of the shearing bevel changes and the curve is deformed, and a moment is generated in the L curve at the cutting point Q, causing the chips 6 to curl continuously. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, if the direction of jetting the high-pressure liquid 5 from the jetting nozzle 4 is appropriate, the spirally curled chips 6 will be formed on the unprocessed side 1a of the workpiece 1, that is, in the illustrated example. It is pushed forward in the L feeding direction A and can flow out into the space N between the unprocessed side 1a and the front of the cutting tool 2. Thus space N
The chips 6 flowing out collide with the unprocessed side 1a of the work piece 1a and the cutting tool 2, and as a result, the radius of curvature ρ of the curl of the chips 6 becomes small, and the spiral becomes irregular as it dances. It is broken by the impact.

In order to shred the chips 6 by such injection of the high-pressure liquid 5, the injection angle and injection pressure of the high-pressure liquid 5 to the rake face 3 of the cutting edge are important factors. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 4 (a) and (b), the injection angle is set horizontally to the rear of the feed direction A based on the line X drawn from the cutting point Q in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece 1 in the horizontal plane. Divide into the angle α and the vertical angle β taken upward based on the line y drawn horizontally from the cutting point Q in the vertical plane, and perform cutting at the injection angles α and β of the vertebrae to prevent the curl of the chips 6. The outer diameter was measured and the results are shown in FIG. The circle in the figure quantitatively indicates the outer diameter of the curl of the chip 6. For example, when α is 260 degrees and β is 40 degrees, the linear outer diameter is 5WII+1. In addition, the cutting conditions are: ■ External cutting by turning, ■
The work material is 5US304, and the cutting tool has a nose radius of 0.8.
wtt+, P20 type carbide tool with rake angle of 0 degrees, ■ entering angle of 90 degrees, cutting speed of 120 m/ml, depth of cut of 0.
2 m, feed rate 0-2 m/rev, ■ injection pressure from the injection nozzle 30 Kr/Cj T.

As is clear from the figure, the outer diameter of the curl of the chips 6 depends on the injection angles α and β, and the horizontal angle α is the chip outflow angle α. In the case of the above cutting conditions ■～■, the effect differs greatly depending on the chip flow angle α. is about 15 degrees, and a range of 15 degrees to 75 degrees for the horizontal angle α is an appropriate value.

On the other hand, the closer the vertical angle β is to 0 degrees, the better, and if it is 60 degrees or more, the plucking effect will be small, so a range of 0 to 55 degrees is an appropriate value. In addition, although Fig. 5 shows the curl outer diameter of the chips 6, it has been confirmed that the breaking length also changes depending on the curl outer diameter, and that the smaller the curl outer diameter, the shorter the length of the chips 6.
It has been confirmed that the chips 6 are shredded to a size that is easy to dispose of when the spray angles α and β are in the appropriate ranges.

The reason why chips are preferably shredded within the proper range of the above-mentioned injection angles α and β is that the horizontal angle α is α. ≦α≦α
+60 degrees means that the chips 6 are reliably and effectively flowed into the space N, α. >α, the L chips 6 tend to flow in the opposite direction to the space N, and the above-mentioned collision effect does not occur. Further, when α>αo+60 degrees, the pressure-receiving area of the chips 6 becomes small and the bending moment that curls the chips 6 into a spiral shape decreases, so that the effect is reduced.

On the other hand, the vertical angle β that is closer to 0 degrees is the one that is most likely to bend.
When β > 60 degrees, when the jetting force W is applied from the top of the chip, the moment becomes smaller and the effect becomes less effective. These trends remain the same even when cutting conditions such as various rigid materials change, and the range of appropriate values for the injection angles α and β hardly changes.

Further, cutting was carried out under the same injection pressure conditions as cutting conditions (1) to (2) shown in FIG. 6, and (2) injection angle α=40 degrees and β=40 degrees, and the results are shown in FIG. As is clear from the figure, from the state of the chips when the injection pressure is changed, the higher the injection pressure is, the greater the injection force W applied to the chips is, and the greater the shredding effect. If the injection pressure is , it will be shredded in a desirable state. This tendency is the same as for the injection angles α and β, and even if the cutting conditions such as various rigid materials change, as long as the injection pressure is 10 Kf/m or more, the material will be effectively shredded. 7, a case in which an embodiment of the chip shredding device of the present invention is applied to a lathe will be explained, and FIG. 7 shows an overall front view;
FIGS. 8 and 9 are a sectional view and a BB sectional view of the main parts.

The support plate 1 of the chip shredding device 12 is mounted on the carriage 11 of the lathe 10.
3 is attached and the turret 1 is installed on the carriage 11.
It is located near 4.

A vertical angle adjustment plate 15 having an arc shape in a vertical plane is erected on this support plate 13 so that its center of curvature is on the cutting point Q side. This vertical angle adjustment plate 15 has a circular arc-shaped penetrating groove 16 concentric with the external circular arc, and a rack 17 is formed on the inner surface of the groove on the outside of the center. Also,
A vertical sliding holder 18 is slidably attached to the vertical angle adjustment plate 15 so as to hold both sides thereof, and a binion 20 of a vertical drive motor 19 attached to the vertical sliding holder 18 is engaged with the rack 17. Then, by driving the vertical drive motor 19, the vertical sliding holder 18 is slid along the vertical angle adjusting plate 15 while facing the center of curvature of the vertical angle adjusting plate 15.

Further, the center side end of the vertical sliding holder 18 has a circular arc shape in the horizontal plane, and the center of curvature is the vertical angle adjusting plate 15.
A horizontal angle adjusting plate 21 that coincides with the center of curvature of the horizontal angle adjusting plate 21 is fixed. Similar to the vertical angle adjusting plate 15, this horizontal angle adjusting plate 21 also has a penetrating groove 22 concentric with the outer shape, and a rack 23 is formed inside the groove on the outside of the center.

Further, a horizontal sliding holder 24 is slidably attached to the horizontal angle adjustment plate 21 so as to hold it up and down, and a binion 26 at the tip of a horizontal drive motor 25 attached to the horizontal sliding holder 24 is connected to the rack 23. The horizontal drive aligner 25 allows the horizontal sliding holder 24 to move along the horizontal angle adjusting plate 21 while facing the center of curvature of the horizontal angle adjusting plate 210 (same as the center of curvature of the vertical angle adjusting plate 15). It slides.

A line injection nozzle 4 is installed at the center end of this horizontal sliding holder 24.
is fixed by welding or the like so that the injection hole 4a at the tip faces the center of curvature of the vertical and horizontal angle adjusting plate 15.21, and the base end is a high pressure liquid supply pipe 27 for supplying high pressure liquid.
is connected to a high-pressure liquid supply device (not shown).

When using the chip shredding device configured as described above, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the cutting edge portion P of the cutting tool 2 attached to the tool post 14 is fixed to the vertical and horizontal angle adjustment plates 15. After fixing so that the center of curvature of 21 and 1 coincide with each other, turning is carried out. During this turning, the two drive motors 19 and 25 are controlled in advance to set the injection angles α and β within the above-mentioned appropriate value ranges, and the injection nozzle 4 is sent to the cutting tool 2 at the tip of the cutting tool 2. - Inject high-pressure liquid (10 kg/- or more) 5 toward the pile face 3.

As a result, the chips 6 are curled into a p-helical shape by the high-pressure liquid 5 and shredded while reducing the curvature.

On the other hand, the outflow angle α of the chips 6 changes depending on the force and the cutting conditions, which change the injection angles α and β in response to changes in cutting conditions, etc. Corresponding to the appropriate injection angle α.

When setting β, it can be easily set by controlling the vertical drive motor 19 and the horizontal drive motor 25, respectively, and it is possible to easily set it by controlling the drive of the vertical drive motor 19 and the horizontal drive motor 25 respectively. Even thin chips can be shredded effectively.

Therefore, there is no danger to the operator, which is advantageous in terms of management, and unmanned operation is also possible.

In the above embodiment, the injection angle can be adjusted using two sets of vertical and horizontal drive motors, binions, and racks, but if there is no need for automation or remoteization, these can be abolished and simply used as a stopper. , the holder is inserted into the groove of each angle adjustment plate, but it can also be done manually by fixing the holder with a bolt and a nut. Further, it is also possible to adjust the spray angle by adjusting only one of the vertical angle and the horizontal angle, and making the other fixed. Moreover, it can be applied not only to turning but also to a wide range of cutting operations.

As described above in detail with the embodiments, according to the present invention, 10 K9/
The high-pressure liquid of ad or higher is sprayed from the nozzle at a horizontal angle of 60 degrees from the chip flow direction and a vertical angle of 0 to 55 degrees.
Since the jet is aimed at a range of 300 degrees, the chips can be reliably and efficiently shredded even if the thickness of the chips is thin.1.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 to 3 are diagrams explaining the principle of the chip shredding method of the present invention, Figures 4(a) and 4(b) are diagrams explaining the jetting angle of high-pressure liquid, and Figure 5 is a diagram showing the jetting angle and chips. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the injection pressure and the shredded state of chips, and FIGS. 7 to 9 are diagrams showing one implementation of the chip shredding device of the present invention. When the example is applied to a lathe, Fig. 7 is a front view of the whole, Fig. 8 and 9 are
The figures are a sectional view of the main part and a BB sectional view. In the drawings, l is the rigid material, 2L cutting tool, 3 is the cutting surface, 4 is the injection nozzle, 5 is the high pressure liquid, 6 is the chips, 11 is the carriage, 12 is the chip shredding device, 13 is the support plate, 14 is the tool rest, 15 is the vertical angle adjustment plate, 18 is the vertical sliding holder, 21 is the horizontal angle adjustment plate, 24 is the horizontal sliding holder, A is the direction of feed, Q is the cutting point, W is the jetting force, α is the horizontal angle, β is the vertical angle, α. is the chip flow angle. Patent applicant: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Patent attorney: Shibu Mitsuishi (and 1 other person) Figure 4 (0) λ (b)

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) 10Kv/cd toward the rake surface of the cutting tool tip
The injection angle of the high-pressure liquid is within the range of 60 degrees from the chip flow direction in the horizontal direction and from 0 degrees to 55 degrees in the vertical direction.
A chip shredding method characterized by jetting chips so as to press them against the unprocessed side of the rigid material within a range of 100°C, thereby reducing the radius of curvature of the curl of the chips and making them finer. (2) A support is provided near the tool stand on which the cutting tool is attached, and the support has a horizontal angle adjustment mechanism that can adjust the horizontal angle around one point and a vertical angle that can adjust the vertical angle around the one point. A chip shredding device characterized in that an injection nozzle is provided through at least one of the adjustment mechanism and a supply means for supplying a high-pressure liquid higher than body pressure to the injection nozzle.