JPS607949B2 - solar distillation equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a solar distillation apparatus that uses solar heat to obtain fresh water from raw water such as seawater.

As a subsidiary device of this type, there is a device disclosed in Tokubuta No. 83032/1983, which was previously filed by the applicant.

This device consists of a raw water tank section, a raw water evaporation section, a raw water replenishment section, a solar radiation transmission section, a cooling section, and a fresh water recovery section.
Compared to previous devices of this type, the features are that no power is required to replenish raw water to the raw water evaporator, the water level in the raw water evaporator can be automatically controlled with a simple device, and the water level in the raw water evaporator can be automatically controlled. The temperature of the raw water in the raw water tank is raised by the heat of condensation when the generated water vapor is cooled and solidified, and the heated raw water is taken from the top of the raw water and supplied to the raw water evaporation part to increase thermal efficiency. It is in. However, the equipment used to automate the supply of raw water to the raw water evaporator is complicated, and it is not easy to automatically drain the concentrated raw water in the raw water evaporator. It also had the disadvantage that even if it evaporated inside, it could not be effectively extracted.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a solar distillation apparatus that maintains the features of the solar distillation apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 56-183032 and eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks. The purpose is to An embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on the description of the drawings. The solar distillation apparatus 1 of the present invention is hermetically sealed, and includes a raw water tank 2 at the bottom for storing raw water, a plurality of downward-opening distillation chambers 3 formed by partitioning with partition walls above the raw water tank 2, and A partition wall 4 that vertically divides the water surface of the raw water located below the distillation chamber 3, a solar transmitting plate 5 provided in the raw water tank 2 to irradiate the raw water in the raw water tank 2 with sunlight, and an adjacent distillation chamber A condensing gutter 7 is supported by the lower end of the partition wall 6 between the partition walls 3 and one side of the partition wall 4, and closes one side of the water surface of the raw water divided into two by the partition wall 4, and the lower surface thereof is in contact with the raw water. It is composed of a fresh water recovery part 8 for collecting fresh water generated in the raw water tank 7, a sub-container pipe 9 for supplying raw water to the raw water tank 2, and a discharge hole LO for discharging raw water with a high concentration of crabs at the bottom of the raw water tank 2. Ru.

The raw water tank 2 is desirably made of a strong material with a heat insulating effect, such as concrete.

The circumferential wall 11 of the distillation chamber 3 is an extension of the circumferential wall 12 of the raw water tank 2, and the ceiling 13 of the distillation chamber 3 is provided above the circumferential wall 11 of the distillation chamber 3. Partition walls 6 hang down at equal intervals, and this peripheral wall 11,
A downward-opening distillation chamber 3 is formed, surrounded on five sides by a ceiling 13 and a partition wall 6. Since the lower end of the partition wall 6 is located below the water surface of the raw water in the raw water tank 2, the water surface of the raw water is located below this lower part of the distillation chamber 3, but it is not surrounded by this distillation chamber 3. The water surface of the raw water is the bulkhead 4.
It is divided into two by Since one of the water surfaces divided into two is closed by the condensation gutter 7, only the other water surface is located within the distillation chamber 3.
The water surface and the condensation gutter 7 are arranged alternately. The solar radiation transmitting plate 5 is provided in place of one side wall of the raw water tank 2, and is used to heat the raw water by introducing sunlight from here, but it is installed at an angle as shown in Figures 1 and 3. This increases the light-receiving area and allows the heated raw water to move upward along this slope, improving heat absorption efficiency. Furthermore, when the solar radiation transmitting plate 5 is made double as in the embodiment and an air layer is formed in the middle, heat radiation is reduced, so that the thermal efficiency is further improved. The condensation gutter 7 is connected from the partition wall 4 to the partition plate 6
The condensation gutter 7
The warmed raw water on the lower surface rises along this lower surface and heads toward the water surface in the distillation chamber 3, while the water droplets condensed on the upper surface of the condensation gutter 7 flow on this gutter 7 to the other end. go. The fresh water recovery section 8 is composed of a conduit, a pump, etc., which collects the condensed water, that is, fresh water that has flowed to the other end of the condensation gutter 7 and collects it in a water storage tank (not shown). The supply pipe 9 is for introducing raw water into the raw water tank 2, and a drain hole 14 is formed in the raw water tank 2 so that when a predetermined amount or more of raw water enters, it can be automatically drained.

Furthermore, since raw water with a high concentration of substances remains below the raw water tank 2, a discharge hole 10 is used to take out the raw water as appropriate.
is formed.

Next, to explain the operation and effect of the present invention having the above-mentioned configuration, when raw water is supplied from the supply pipe 9 to the raw water tank 2 and is filled with raw water, solar rays pass through the solar transmitting plate 5 and the raw water The raw water in tank 2 is gradually heated.

The warmed raw water rises along the solar transmitting plate 5 and reaches the distillation chamber 3.
Proceed to the top of the. Then, it evaporates in the distillation chamber 3,
When this evaporated water touches the upper surface of the condensation gutter 7, it condenses into water droplets, flows along the gutter 7, and is collected by the fresh water recovery section 8 into a water storage tank (not shown). At this time, since the lower surface of the condensing gutter T is in contact with the water surface of the other distillation chamber 3 separated by the partition wall 4, the condensing gutter 7 is cooled and the steam is efficiently condensed. The heat generated by this condensation is absorbed by the condensation gutter 7 and further transferred from the condensation gutter 7 to the raw water in contact with the lower surface, so the temperature of the raw water growing on the lower surface of the condensation gutter 7 gradually rises. This condensation gutter 7
It moves along the lower surface of the distillation chamber 3 and is guided to the water surface of the adjacent distillation chamber 3. By repeating the same actions as described above, water droplets are generated one after another on the condensation gutter 7 located below each distillation chamber 3, and fresh water can be recovered. In other words, according to the device of the present invention, the heat obtained from the solar heat rays is used to first distill raw water, and then the raw water is evaporated again using the heat of condensation generated when the evaporated water is cooled. This cycle is repeated repeatedly. Therefore, the heat initially obtained from the sun's rays can be used extremely effectively. Furthermore, since the distillation chamber 3 is simply a space above the raw water tank 2 that is partitioned into a lower wall, there is no need for a special installation unlike in conventional devices, and the raw water can also be supplied through the supply pipe 9. Because you can maintain the water level with just something,
The overall structure is extremely simple. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the solar distillation apparatus 1 of the present invention is floated on the sea or a pond using the distillation chamber 3 as a float.

This not only eliminates the need for the raw water tank 2 as in the previous example, but also eliminates the need for the supply pipe 9. Moreover, since the concentrated raw water naturally falls to the seabed or pond bottom, there is no need to discharge it. Various features arise in addition to those of the previous example, such as the elimination of In the case of this embodiment, a side frame 15 that also serves as a float is used to prevent the solar radiation transmitting plate 5 from entering the raw water.
It is necessary to provide In FIG. 6, the solar transmitting plate 5 is vertically attached to the raw water tank 2, and a reflecting plate 16 is provided so that many solar rays pass through the solar transmitting plate 5. In an embodiment in which the solar distillation apparatus 1 of the present invention is used floating on the sea or a pond, the solar transmitting plate 5 is provided vertically and the reflecting plate 1 whose angle is freely adjustable is used.
6 is provided so that many sunlight passes through the solar radiation transmitting plate 5.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the device of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the device having a raw water tank, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along the Rolo line of FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line N-W in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line V-V in FIG. 3, and FIGS. Explanatory drawings of a device having a solar radiation transmitting plate and a reflecting plate are shown, respectively. 3... Distillation chamber, 4... Partition wall, 5... Solar transmission plate, 7... Condensation gutter, 8... Fresh water recovery section. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of downward-opening distillation chambers are located in parallel above the water surface of the raw water, and the water surface surrounded by the lower end of the distillation chamber is divided into two by a partition wall, and the lower surface is in contact with one of the water surfaces divided into two. A condensation gutter that closes one water surface in this manner is provided, and a fresh water recovery section for recovering condensed fresh water is provided on the surface of the condensation gutter, and a lower end of one of the distillation chambers at the end of the plurality of parallel distillation chambers is provided. It is configured to guide the raw water warmed by the solar radiation transmitting plate to the water surface surrounded by the water surface where there is no condensation gutter,
A solar distillation device characterized in that raw water is warmed by heat of condensation generated when steam in a distillation chamber is condensed on the surface of a condensing gutter, and is sequentially guided to the water surface of an adjacent distillation chamber where there is no condensing gutter.