JPS606759B2 - waste compaction machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for compacting waste, and more particularly to a device for compacting waste of a miscellaneous variety in homes, restaurants and other places.

Compacting equipment is now widely used in large enterprises and apartment buildings.

Recently smaller home units have been introduced. However, these existing units are not suitable for locations where moderate amounts of waste are collected or where waste needs to be compacted and disposed of at fairly regular intervals, such as in restaurants, dining cars, etc. They are either too large or too small for widespread use. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tamping device that meets these needs.

Another object of the invention is to provide a compaction device that allows waste to be collected and its easy and rapid disposal.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a waste compaction device that is self-contained and can be easily moved for use at selected locations such as restaurants, dining cars, and the like.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a vertical compactor consisting solely of an electro-mechanical design that is simple and easy to use and economical to purchase.

These aims and objectives of the present invention, along with its many advantages, will become readily apparent from the following description.

In accordance with the present invention, a waste compactor is provided as including a base comprising a vertical column extending adjacent to the upper surface of which is positioned a container suitable for receiving waste. .

The ram member is mounted to the post in such a manner that it can be moved up and down into and out of the container. Drive means are provided for moving the ram up and down with sufficient pressure to compact the waste within the container. Preferably, the receiving container is fixed to the base, but it can also be removably mounted on a trolley or similar transportable vehicle. Preferably the tram has a heavy pressure plate or a heavy drum or It is formed from a cylindrical member.

The ram is preferably operated by a screw jack supported on a side beam from a column for free movement over the container and connected to a ball-and-socket assembly in fixed relationship with the ram. The screw jack is rotatably mounted on a base and is provided with bearing means for absorbing thrust loads. The waste is preferably compacted within a plastic bag and the bag is discarded when it is full.

A thick plastic or metal sheet liner is provided to open the bag and maintain it closed during use while ensuring that the bag will not tear apart under tamping conditions. Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As can be seen in the wing diagram, the tamping machine comprises a base plate of substantially flat, thick and therefore heavy metal plate, on the underside of which a plurality of wheels 12 are attached.

Extending from the rear of the base 10 is a vertical column 14 of rectangular cross section formed from a thick metal material. Post 14 has a generally hollow interior. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a container, generally designated by the numeral 16, made of steel or of heavy machinery construction is attached to a base. The container has a partially circular first wall ridge 8 welded to the base along its lower edge as seen at 20 and attached to the first part by a vertical piano hinge 24 or other hinge fastener. and a second partially circular, swingable wall 22.The wall pieces 18 and 22 define a cylindrical container open at its upper end to receive a bag B into which the waste can be dumped. The second cap swings like a door, as seen in Figure 3, so that when the bag is full it can be opened to remove it.When the machine is in operation, the two parts Suitable latching means 26 are provided so that the pieces can be closed together.A cylindrical ram, generally indicated by the numeral 28 and attached to the end of a solid metal arm 38, is
It is made to move up and down into and out of the container tortoise 6 so as to compact the waste put into the container.

The arm 3 body is mounted within the column 14 and moves through a slot 34 provided in one side of the column. The center of the cylindrical ram is positioned along the vertical centerline of the container as indicated by the arrow x, with the various parts of the device being dimensioned to provide this particular arrangement. As seen in FIG.
It consists of a pressure plate 3 fin which is also thick and welded to the rib 36, a steel drum 48 closed at both ends to form a ram surface, and a circular flange-like shield member 42 of expanded diameter.

Flange 42 is made of flexible rubber or plastic material and is interposed between drum 48 and pressure plate 38. These parts are held securely together by an axial bolt 44 extending through its center and tightened by nuts 46 at each end. To complete the ram for aesthetic purposes, a top cover 48 covers the tubular member 3.
6 and the surrounding wall 50 connects the cover and pressure plate 38.
be interposed between. The lower edge of the surrounding wall 50 sits on the flexible shield 42 and matches the green of the drum 40 so that a smooth, continuous outer circumferential surface is formed as seen in FIG. The diameter of the drum mother Q is smaller than the diameter of the container 16, so that the drum can move freely in and out of the bag B when it is inserted into the interior of the container. The shield 42 protrudes radially from the periphery of the drum and closes the container shell 6 to seal the circular space between the drum 49 and the bag.
has a slightly smaller diameter than the bag, thus preventing the tamped waste from spilling out of the bag. As will become apparent later, a liner 52 may be placed inside the bag to protect it. In that case, the surrounding wall 50 moves along it. As seen in FIG. 4, the tubular portion 36 of the ram is
One piece is welded.

The arm itself is welded to a carriage 32, which has a smaller but corresponding cross-section than the column turtle 4, so that it can move freely within the column. An elongated jack screw 54 extends upwardly into the column from below the base 10. As seen in FIG. 2, the screw jack 54 is held between a radial thrust bearing 56 disposed above the base 10 and a lateral thrust bearing 58 disposed below the base. Bearings 56 and 58 are secured by nuts 60 and 62 threaded onto jack screws. A drive pulley 64, which has the purpose described below, connects the lower nut 62 and the thrust bearing 58.
be interposed between. By vertically mounting the two nuts 60 and 62, the screw jack is secured to the base in a true vertical position without restricting its rotational ability. A set screw or pin 66 is provided on the nuts 60 and 62,
Once the desired or preselected compression between the bearings is achieved, the nut is secured in place on the screw jack. Of course, the radial thrust bearings 56 absorb the semi-longitudinal deflection and vibration forces experienced by the columns, while simultaneously absorbing gravity and downward thrust loads. The lower thrust bearing 58 absorbs the upward thrust or load caused by the compaction cycle itself (ie, the upward reaction thrust of the waste against the downwardly driven ram). Bearings 56 and 58 thus cooperate to absorb all of the tamp cycle loads while allowing the screw jack to rotate. However, since the bearing is in a fixed position relative to the base when the jack screw rotates, it does not move up or down.
Carriage 32 is secured to screw jack 54 by a ball-and-socket assembly, shown in detail at 68 in FIGS. 4 and 6.

Assembly 68 includes a flat, horizontal support plate 70 welded to the inner wall of carriage 32. The support plate 70 has a central aperture 72 through which the jackscrew 54 extends. A first race member 74 is seated on the support plate 70 and has a concavely chamfered inside at its upper inner edge 78. D annular hole 76
has. Chamfered green 78 receives a ball 80 having a spherical profile (although it is flattened at both poles). A second race member 82 having a central annular hole 84 also chamfered at 86 to accommodate the ball is disposed to seat the ball at a location opposite the first race member. To maintain upper race 82 parallel to lower race 74, a spacer 88 is positioned between the race members. The upper and lower races are tightened together by a plurality of bolts and nuts 901 together with a smoother. ball 8
0 itself has a central hole 92 which has an internal thread that matches the thread of the screw jack 54 to be fitted therein.
As seen in FIG. 5, the central spacer 88 has a rectangular inner edge 94, while the outer equatorial surface of the ball 80 includes sides 96. The flat part of the inner edge 94 is connected to the side part 96 of the pole 80.
A key groove and a key are respectively formed to align with the screw jack 54 and prevent rotation of the ball 80 around the rotational axis of the screw jack 54. When the screw jack 54 is thus rotated, only the linear motion component of the screw jack in the horizontal direction is transmitted to the ball 8, causing the ball to move upward or downward along the screw. As ball 8D moves in the manner described, it causes the assembly of sheaths 74 and 82 and, consequently, carriage 32 to move together. Bolt and nut 90
is preset to the desired degree of compression to allow undue play or vibration and integral vertical movement of the ball and race, while avoiding sudden impulses, torques or other undesired pressures applied to the ram. Even if it is transmitted to the carriage 32,
Allow sufficient sliding to allow the ball to rotate within the socket. For additional stability, sliding members 100 are secured to the upper and lower ends of the carriage 32.
The carriage may be made of yellow steel, nylon or other suitable low friction material and is fitted in sliding friction engagement between the carriage wall and the inner wall of the column. It will be seen that the upper end of the screw jack 54 is free and is supported relative to the radial fixation member only by bearing means attached to the base and by a ball and socket assembly and carriage combination at its upper end. A drive motor 102 is mounted on top of the base to provide additional weight and provide a single machine.

A conventional reversible electric motor of approximately 11'2 horsepower is preferred to provide the necessary tamping force. As seen in FIG. 2, a drive shaft 104 extends from the motor below the base 10, and a pulley 106 is fixed to the shaft. An endless timing belt 108 with molded teeth connects the pulley 106 to the aforementioned pulley 64.
Connect with. Pulleys 106 and 64 have matching teeth. Timing belt arrangements are preferred because they do not slip and maintain low sound levels. However, it can be replaced by a chain or a suitable gear transmission with direct transmission. The lower end of the elongated slot 34 in the face of the post 32 forms a fixed stop against which the arm 30 abuts. This limits the downward movement of ram 28.

A shield tortoise 12 may be used to secure the carriage 32-arm 38 in the slot 34 during upward movement of the ram. Wheels 12 can be made retractable if desired;
The base can sit firmly on the ground while all units can be moved from one location to another.

Alternatively, the stop member may lock the wheel in a non-rotating condition when the machine is in operation. In operation, a bag B, preferably made of thin plastic material, is inserted into the closed and latched container 16.

A liner 52 is provided to maintain the bag open and to prevent the bag from tearing or tearing due to abrasion during movement of waste therein. The liner 52 is preferably comprised of a thick plastic material such as 1'3" thick P.V.C. (polyvinyl chloride) or low density polyethylene. The liner generally extends its length in a direction parallel to its axis. The liner 52 is open at its bottom and has a harp lip 1 adapted to overlap the upper green of the container at its upper end.
It has 14. The segmentation of the liner 52 allows for easy insertion of the liner into an empty bag and also allows for easy removal of the liner from the waste during removal. Lip 114 holds the liner in place during operation. A tray 116, also made of plastic, can be inserted under the container inner bag B to receive any loose waste or water. Once the bag and liner have been inserted, the waste can be dumped into the container at any time. Can be put in.

Periodically, the operator drives the motor Q2 and turns the jack screw 54 to lower the ram 28 and compact the waste therein. When collides with the slot stopper,
The motor automatically reverses and lifts the ram. Once the charge is fully tamped, the liner 52 is removed and the swing wall 22 is opened to expose the bag full of waste. The bag is then removed laterally from the container.
It is intended that the device be provided as a single cycle.

That is, operation of the motor at any one time causes the ram to move up and down in a single cycle. Depending on the nature of the waste, a fully filled bag can be obtained either by a single actuation of the ram or by several cycle actuations of the ram.One of the features of the invention is to provide for the control of this operation. A new method and circuit is provided. As seen in FIG. This includes a motion winding 120
and a starting winding 122 are provided. Starting winding 122
is controlled by a centrifugal switch 24. The limit switch LS3 is the centrifugal switch box 24 and the starting winding 12.
2, and the limit switch LS3 is connected to a second limit switch LS2 and an operating tamping operation switch S, which are arranged in parallel. A reset switch S2 and a limit switch LSI in parallel with it are provided as an emergency switch system. A retraction operation switch S3 is interposed on the track to enable the ram to be retracted in an emergency. A limit switch is mounted within the post to contact the carriage 32 as seen in FIG.

The limit switch LSI is normally closed and arranged to contact the carriage 32 only when it is in a position above the normal upper rest position. Thus, if the motor or some fortuitous factor causes the ram to move upwardly to a higher position than its normal position, thereby tending to dislodge the ram from the screw jack 54, the BI will open and the device Cuts off all power to. The ram can be lowered by operating reset switch S2. LSI
The switch is located 2 on the underside of the switch and in a position where it contacts the carriage when the ram is in its normal upper rest position. The switch 2 is normally open, but is opened by contact of the carriage in the upper position. Switch LS2 is bridged by a tamping operation switch S, which must be closed for initiation of operation. The third limit switch 3 is positioned below LS2. In the rest position switch LS3 does not contact the carriage. L.S.
3 consists of a pair of double-throw switches each having terminal contacts A and B. Contact A is normally closed when the gourd 3 is out of contact with the carriage facing upward resting position and opens upon downward movement of the carriage (at the same time contact B closes). and on downward movement between contact positions A and B. In the normal rest position, the ram is raised and opens LS2, preventing operation of the motor and thus immobilizing the device.

When the tamping operation switch S is pressed, current is supplied through the A contact of the gourd 3 to operate the motor through the starting winding 122. The motor 102 operates normally and the ram moves downward. As the ram moves downward, LS2 closes and 3 switches to contact B. When the motor reaches its full speed, centrifugal switch 124 engages and turns off starting winding 122.

At the same time, the lowering of the carriage is causing limit switch LS3 to reverse and switching the current from contact through contact B. This switching action results in a change in current phase between the starting and running windings of the motor (if a DC power source is used, the change consists in a change in current polarity). When the ram reaches its fully downward position (when arm 30 hits stop 1101), or when the waste being compacted exerts a sufficiently strong counter pressure on the ram;
Resistance in the motor causes its armature to slow down.
Once the armature has been sufficiently decelerated, the centrifugal switch vane 24 returns to conducting current through the starting winding 122. Because this current is out of phase with the running current (or has a different polarity), the motor's running winding reverses its direction and drives the ram upward. As the ram moves upward, the motor gains speed and the centrifugal switch opens again, allowing the motor to be driven solely by current through the drive windings.

As the ram rises further, the ram switches to limit switch L.
Pass through S3 and return the contacts to their original positions.
The ram continues to move upwards and eventually opens LS2, cutting off power to the run motor windings, so the armature stops and the far D switch closes again. In the event that the ram should exceed its normal upper position, the limit switch LSI opens to ensure complete power cutoff. In the normal rest position, the current flows through the tamping operation switch S,
When is closed, both the starting and driving windings of the motor are supplied via LSI and 3.

Once the ram begins to lower, switch LS2 is closed and switch S, need not be kept closed.
The windings are oriented such that in this condition the motor operates to maintain the ram in its fully upward position. If the ram is not in its fully rest position, switch LS2 remains closed, thus allowing the ram to move upwardly to that position. Lowering and raising of the ram is obtained by reversing the conductor to the starting winding. As a safety measure, switch S is preferably a key switch so that only responsible personnel may operate the tamping cycle. Note that switches 2 and LS3 open and close only when a very small back emf or induced load is applied to the motor windings, and not when full load is applied in the fully down position. Both switches are positioned to be triggered before the ram assumes the fully raised or lowered position. The reset switch S2 and the tamping operation switch S are spring loaded, so they only need to be depressed enough to stop pressing and move the ram. The reverse operation switch S3 is a normally closed emergency switch. Upon opening, the switch completely deactivates the ram and drive, shutting it down in whatever state the machine is in. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the container is configured as a mobile trolley. Cylindrical hollow container 1
6 is installed on a base 130 having a hanging skirt 132, and a pair of wheels 134 are rotatably attached to the rear end of the skirt. The tamping machine itself is base 10
It is formed as previously described, except that it is flat and does not have a container. The dimensions of the base wings 38 and skirt tortoise 32 are such that they are slightly larger than the base 10 of the tamper, so that the trolley is carried by wheels onto the tamper and the base 13
01 is seated snugly onto the tamper base as shown in dotted lines in FIG. Thus, the base 130 of the truck need not be made from sheet metal or other heavy material, which of course could be done if desired. It does not absorb shock or stress; its purpose is only to transport containers 16. Portable trolleys have a unique advantage in that a single compactor can be used with a large number of containers. .

Therefore, in a large restaurant, a large number of trolleys are distributed throughout the galley, and when they are full they are conveyed by wheels to a tamping machine, where they are compacted. The bags, liners, etc. may be deployed in the manner previously described and the compactor operated in a similar manner.While the foregoing has described specific embodiments of the invention, many modifications may be made within the spirit of the invention. I want you to remember that I have given you scales.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The first diagram is a perspective view of the device of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1. Third
The figure is a partial sectional view taken along line 3-3 in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4. FIG. Fig. 8 is a drawing of a modified form of the base that can cooperate with a portable container.The main components of the present invention are as follows: 18...Base, wings 6... ...Container, turtle 8...1st
Piece, 22... Second piece, 26... Latch means, 2
4...Hinge means Tortoise 4...Vertical column, 26...Ram, 3...Tubular member, 38...Pressure plate, 40...Drum, 42...Flange, 30...Arm, 3 dances ...Carriage 64...Screw jack 68...Bolt socket assembly, 102...Motor 24...Centrifugal switch 122...Starting winding, 12Q...Driving winding, 64 , 106, 188...Booley and belt (means for connecting the motor to the screw jack), 56, 58
...The bag holder is 3..." limit switch, AQ B
...... Bush point 1st and 2nd positions. FIG-l FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG・mu FIG-5 FIG. 6 FIG. 7 FIG. 8

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 a base, a waste receiving container positioned on said base, a vertical column upright above said base, and cantilevered from said column movable along said column and in alignment with said container. a ram mounted to project from the column; a carriage connected to the ram and freely movable within the column; and means for reciprocating the carriage and the ram along the column. In the consolidation machine, the carriage and the ram reciprocating means are rotatably mounted on the base and extend vertically within the column, a ball screwed around the screw jack, and a ball around the ball. a socket that is slidably attached to and secured to the carriage to provide a universal joint that allows the carriage to move vertically upon rotation of the screw jack and to permit diagonal displacement relative to the axis of the screw jack; A waste compactor comprising means for selectively rotating a screw jack to move an assembly and said ram into and out of said container.