JPS5923918B2 - waste compaction machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for compacting waste, and more particularly to an apparatus for compacting waste of a miscellaneous variety in homes, restaurants and similar locations.

Compacting equipment is now widely used in large enterprises and apartment buildings.

Recently, small home-use units have been introduced.

However, these existing units are not suitable for locations where moderate amounts of waste are collected or where waste needs to be compacted and disposed of at fairly regular intervals, such as in restaurants, dining cars, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tamping device that meets these needs.

Another object of the invention is to provide a compaction device that allows waste to be collected and its easy and rapid disposal.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a waste grading device that is self-contained and can be easily moved for use at selected locations such as restaurants, dining cars, and the like.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a vertical drafting machine consisting solely of an electro-mechanical design that is simple and easy to use and economical to purchase.

These and other objects of the invention, together with its many advantages, will become readily apparent from the following description.

In accordance with the present invention, a waste plotting machine is provided which includes a base with a vertical column extending adjacent to the upper surface of which a container or can suitable for receiving waste is positioned. Ru.

A ram member is mounted to the post in such a manner that it can be moved up and down into and out of the container.

Drive means are provided for moving the ram up and down with sufficient pressure to compact the waste within the container.

Preferably, the refill container is fixed to the base, but it could also be removably mounted on a trolley or similar transportable vehicle.

Preferably, the ram is formed from a heavy pressure plate or a heavy drum or cylindrical member forming the ram surface.

The ram is preferably cantilevered from a column for free movement over the container and is actuated by a screw jack connecting the ram to a ball and socket assembly in fixed relationship with the ram.

The screw jack is rotatably mounted on the base and is provided with bearing means for absorbing frustration loads.

The waste is preferably compacted within a plastic bag and the bag is discarded when it is full.

A thick plastic or metal sheet liner is provided to open the bag and keep it open during use, while at the same time ensuring that the bag will not tear apart under tamping conditions.

Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, the tamping machine comprises a base 10 of substantially flat, thick and therefore heavy sheet metal, on the underside of which a plurality of wheels 12 are mounted.

Extending from the rear of the base 10 is a vertical column 14 of rectangular cross section formed from a thick metal material.

Post 14 has a generally hollow interior.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a steel or heavy-duty container, generally designated by the numeral 16, is attached to a base 10.

The container has a partially circular first wall 18 welded to the base along its lower edge as seen at 20 and is attached to the first part by a vertical piano hinge 24 or other hinge fastener. a second partially circular swingable wall 22;

The wall pieces 18 and 22 form a cylindrical container open at its upper end to receive a bag B into which waste can be dumped.

The second piece swings like a door, as seen in FIG. 3, so that it can be opened to remove the bag when it is full.

Suitable hooking means 26 are provided so that the two pieces can be brought together when the machine is in operation.

1. A cylindrical ram, generally indicated by the numeral 28 and attached to the end of a solid metal arm 30, moves up and down into and out of the container 16 to compact the waste placed therein. It will be done.

Arm 30 is attached to a carriage 32 that fits within column 14 and moves through a slot 34 provided in one side of the column.

The center of the cylindrical ram is positioned along the vertical centerline of the container as indicated by arrow X, with the various parts of the device being dimensioned to provide this particular arrangement.

As seen in FIG. 4, the ram 28 includes a thick metal inner tubular member 36 located along the vertical central axis It consists of a forming steel drum 40 and an enlarged diameter circular flange-like shield member 42.

Flange 42 is made of a flexible rubber or plastic material and is interposed between drum 40 and pressure plate 38.

These parts are held securely together by an axial bolt 44 extending through its center and tightened by nuts 46 at each end.

To complete the ram for aesthetic purposes, a top cover 48 is secured to the tubular member 36 and a surrounding wall 50
is interposed between the cover and the pressure plate 38.

The lower edge of the surrounding wall 50 sits on the flexible shield 42 and is coincident with the edge of the drum 40, thereby creating a smooth, continuous outer circumferential surface as seen in FIG.

The diameter of drum 40 is smaller than the diameter of container 16, so that the drum can move freely into and out of bag B when it is inserted into the interior of the container.

A flexible shield 42 projects radially from the periphery of the drum and has a diameter slightly smaller than the container 16 to seal the annular space between the drum 40 and the bag, thus preventing waste from being trapped during compaction. Prevent it from spilling outside the bag.

As will become apparent later, a liner 52 may be placed inside the bag to protect it.

In that case, the surrounding wall 50 moves along it.

As seen in FIG. 4, the ram tubular member 36 is welded to the arm 30.

The arm itself is welded to a carriage 32, which has a smaller but corresponding cross-section than the column 14, so that it can move freely within the column.

An elongated screw jack 54 extends upwardly into the column from below the base 10.

As seen in FIG. 2, the screw jack 54 is attached to the base 10.
It is held between a radial thrust bearing 56 disposed above the base and an axial thrust bearing 58 disposed below the base.

Bearings 56 and 58 are fitted with nuts 60 screwed onto screw jacks.
and 62.

A drive pulley 64, which has a purpose to be described below, is attached to the nut 62 below.
and the thrust bearing 58.

By tightening the two nuts 60 and 62, the screw jack is secured to the base in a true vertical position without restricting its ability to rotate.

A set screw or pin 66 is provided on the nuts 60 and 62 to secure the nuts in place on the screw jack once the desired or preselected compression between the bearings is achieved.

Of course, the radial thrust bearings 56 absorb the radial deflection and vibration forces experienced by the columns, while simultaneously absorbing gravity and downward axial thrust loads.

The lower thrust bearing 58 carries the upward thrust or load created by the compaction cycle itself (i.e. the upward reaction thrust of the waste against the downwardly driven ram).
absorb.

Bearings 56 and 58 thus cooperate to absorb all of the tamp cycle loads while allowing the screw jack to rotate.

However, since the bearing is in a fixed position relative to the base when the jack screw rotates, it does not move up or down.

Carriage 32 is secured to screw jack 54 by a ball and socket assembly, shown in detail at 68 in FIGS. 4 and 6.

Assembly 68 includes a flat, horizontal support plate 70 welded to the inner wall of carriage 32.

Support plate 70 has a central hole 72 through which screw jack 54 extends.

Seated on the support plate 70 is a second loose member 74 having a central annular hole 76 concavely chamfered at its upper edge 78.

The bezel 78 receives a ball 80 which is flattened at both poles and has a spherical profile.

A second race member 82 having a central annular hole 84 also chamfered at 86 to accommodate the ball is disposed to seat the ball at a location opposite the location of the second loose member.

To maintain upper race 82 parallel to lower race 74, spacers 88 are placed between the race members.

The upper and lower races have spacers and multiple bolts and nuts 9
Tightened together by 0.

The ball 80 itself has a central hole 92 that has internal threads that match the threads of the screw jack 54 that are fitted therein.

As seen in FIG. 5, central spacer 88 has a rectangular inner edge 94, while the outer equatorial surface of ball 80 includes sides 96.

The flat portions of the inner edge 94 align with the sides 96 of the ball 80 and form keyways and keys, respectively, that prevent rotation of the ball 80 about the axis of rotation of the screw jack 54.

Thus, when the screw jack 54 is rotated, only the linear axial motion component of the screw jack is transmitted to the ball 80, causing the ball to move upwardly or downwardly along the screw.

As ball 80 moves in the manner described, it moves the assembly of races 74 and 82 and, consequently, carriage 32 with it.

The bolts and nuts 90 are preset to the desired degree of compression to allow for undue play or vibration or integral vertical movement of the ball and race, while avoiding sudden impulses, torques or other undesirable movements on the ram. pressure is transmitted to the carriage 32, allowing sufficient sliding to allow the balls to rotate within the wicket.

For additional stability, the sliding member 100 is attached to the carriage 3.
It is fixed to the upper and lower ends of 2.

The sliding member 100 may be made of brass, nylon or other suitable low friction material and fits in sliding friction engagement between the carriage wall and the inner wall of the column.

It will be seen that the upper end of the screw jack 54 is free and is supported relative to the radial fixation member only by bearing means attached to the base and by the combination of the ball and socket assembly and carriage at its upper end.

One drive motor 102 is mounted on top of the base to provide additional weight and provide a single machine.

A conventional reversible electric motor of approximately 11/2 horsepower is preferred to provide the necessary tamping force.

As seen in FIG. 2, a drive shaft 104 extends from the motor below the base 10, and a pulley 106 is fixed to the shaft.

An endless timing belt 108 with molded teeth connects to the pulley 1.
06 is connected to the pulley 64 mentioned above.

Pulleys 106 and 64 have matching teeth.

Timing belt arrangements are preferred because they do not slip and maintain low sound levels.

However, it can be replaced by a chain or a suitable gear transmission with direct transmission.

At the lower end of the elongated slot 34 in the face of the column 32 there is an arm 3
A fixed stop is formed where the zeros meet.

This limits the downward movement of ram 28.

A shield 112 may be used to secure the carriage 32-arm 30 in the slot 34 during upward movement of the ram.

The base can sit securely on the ground while the wheels 12 can be made retractable and the entire unit moved from one location to another if desired.

Alternatively, the stop member may lock the wheel in a non-rotating condition when the machine is in operation.

In operation, bag B, preferably made from a thin plastic material, is inserted into container 16, which is closed and latched with gold.

A liner 52 is provided to maintain the bag open and to prevent the bag from tearing or tearing due to abrasion due to the movement of waste therein.

Liner 52 is preferably 1/3 inch thick P, V, C
.

(polyvinyl chloride) or low density polyethylene.

The liner is generally cylindrical, segmented along its length in a direction parallel to its axis.

The liner 52 is open at its bottom and has a curved shoulder 114 at its top end adapted to overlap the top edge of the container.

The segmentation of the liner 52 allows the liner to be easily inserted into an empty bag and also allows the liner to be easily expanded from the waste during evacuation.

Lip 114 holds the liner in place during operation.

A tray 116, also made of plastic, can be inserted under the container inner bag B to receive some loose waste or water.

Once the bag and liner are inserted, the waste is ready to be dumped into the container.

During one cycle, the operator drives motor 102 and turns jack screw 54 to lower ram 28 and tamp down the waste therein.

When a sufficient charge of waste is tamped or arms 30
When the ram hits the slot stop, the motor automatically reverses and lifts the ram.

Once the charge is filled, the liner 52 is removed and the swing wall 22 is opened to expose the bag full of waste.

The bag is then laterally removed from the container.

It is intended that the device be provided as a single cycle.

That is, operation of the motor at a single point causes the ram to move up and down in a single cycle.

Depending on the nature of the waste, a completely filled bag can be obtained by a single operation of the ram or by several cycle operations of the ram.

One of the features of the present invention is to provide a new method and circuit for controlling this operation.

As seen in FIG. 7, a single phase capacitor start motor is used connected to a commonly available DC or AC source through conductors L1 and L2.

It is provided with a motion winding 120 and a starting winding 122.

Starting winding 122 is controlled by centrifugal switch 124 .

A limit switch LS3 is in series with the centrifugal switch 124 and the starting winding 122, and the limit switch LS3 is connected to a second limit switch L arranged in parallel.
S2 and the actual image operation switch S1 for operation.

A reset switch S2 and a limit switch LSI in parallel with it are provided as an emergency switch system.

A retraction operation switch S3 is interposed on the track to enable the ram to be retracted in an emergency.

``A limit switch is mounted in the post so as to contact the carriage 32 as seen in FIG.

Limit switch LS1 is normally closed and arranged to contact carriage 32 only when it is in a position above its normal upper rest position.

Thus, while the motor or some fortuitous factor causes the ram to move upwardly to a higher position than its normal position, thereby tending to dislodge the ram from the screw jack 54, the LS1 opens and provides access to the device. Cuts off all power.

The ram can be lowered by operating reset switch S2.

The lower side of the LSI switch and the position where it contacts the carriage when the ram is in its normal upper rest position (this is the switch L
S2 is placed.

Switch L S 2 is normally closed, but is opened by contact of the carriage in the upper position.

Switch LS2 is bridged by a tamping operation switch S1, which must be closed for initiation of operation.

The third limit switch LS3 is located at the lower side.

In the rest position, switch LS3 does not contact the carriage.

LS3 consists of a pair of double-throw switches each having terminal contacts A and B.

Contact A is normally closed when LS3 is out of contact with the carriage facing the upward rest position and opens upon downward movement of the carriage (at the same time contact B closes).

L83 is displaced between contact positions A and B upon upward and downward movement of the carriage.

Normal rest position (where the ram is raised and the LS
2 is opened to prevent operation of the motor and thus immobilize the device.

When the tamping operation switch S1 is pressed, current is supplied through the A contact of LS3 to operate the motor through the starting winding 122.

Motor 102 is activated immediately and the ram moves downward.

As the ram moves downward, LS2 closes and LS
3 is switched to contact B.

When the motor reaches its full speed, centrifugal switch 124 opens and turns off starting winding 122.

At the same time, the lowering of the carriage is causing limit switch LS3 to reverse and switching the current from contact through contact B.

This switching action results in a change in the current phase between the starting and running windings of the motor (which is a change in current pole if a DC power source is used).

When the ram reaches its fully downward position (when arm 30 hits stop 110), or when the waste being tamped exerts a sufficiently forceful backlash on the ram, the resistive action in the motor causes its armature to to slow down.

Once the armature has been sufficiently decelerated, the centrifugal switch 124 returns to conducting current through the starting winding 122.

Because this current is out of phase with the running current (or has a different polarity), the motor's running winding reverses its direction and drives the ram upwards.

As the ram moves upward, the motor gains speed and the centrifugal switch is again closed, allowing the motor to be driven solely by current through the drive windings.

As the ram rises further, the ram switches to limit switch L.
Pass through S3 and return the contacts to their original positions.

The ram continues to move upward and eventually opens LS2, cutting off power to the running motor windings, thus stopping the armature and re-opening the centrifugal switch.

If the ram ever exceeds its normal upper position, the limit switch LSI opens to ensure complete power cutoff.

In the normal rest position, current is supplied between the starting and running windings of the motor via LS1 and LS3 when the tamping operation switch S1 is closed.

Once the ram begins to lower, switch LS2 is closed and switch S1 does not need to remain closed.

The winding (c) is arranged so that in this state the motor operates to maintain the ram in its fully upward position.

If the ram is not in its fully rest position, switch LS2 remains closed, thus allowing the ram to move upwardly to that position.

The lowering and raising of the ram is obtained by reversing the conductors to the starting winding.

As a safety measure, switch S1 is preferably a key switch so that only responsible personnel may operate the tamping cycle.

Note that switches LS2 and L S 3 open and close only when a very small back emf or induced load is applied to the motor windings and do not open and close when full load is exerted in the fully lowered position.

Both switches are positioned to be triggered before the ram assumes the fully raised or lowered position.

The reset switch S2 and the tamping operation switch S1 are spring loaded, so they open when you stop pressing and only need to be depressed enough to move the ram.

The reverse operation switch S3 is a normally closed emergency switch.

Upon opening, the switch completely deactivates the ram and drive, shutting it down in whatever state the machine is in.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the container is configured as a mobile trolley.

The cylindrical hollow container 16 is installed on a base 130 having a depending side skirt 132, and a pair of wheels 134 are rotatably attached to the rear end of the skirt.

The compactor itself is constructed similarly to that described above, except that the base 10 is flat and does not include a container.

The dimensions of the base 130 and skirt 132 are such that they are slightly larger than the base 10 of the tamper, so that the trolley is carried by wheels onto the tamper and the base 130 is shown in FIG. It is placed flush against the tamper base as shown by the dotted line.

Thus, the base 130 of the truck need not be made from sheet metal or other heavy materials.

Of course, it is possible to do so if desired.

The base 130 is simply not too stiff and does not absorb shocks or stresses above the tamper base 10.

Its purpose is only to transport the container 16.

Portable trolleys have a unique advantage in that a single compactor can be used with multiple containers.

Thus, in a large restaurant, a number of minecarts can be distributed throughout the galley and, when full, wheeled to the tamping machine where they can be tamped.

The container 16 may be provided with bags, liners, etc. in the manner previously described, and the compactor may be operated in a similar manner.

Although the second embodiment of the present invention has been described above, it should be noted that many modifications may be made within the spirit of the present invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the device of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view taken along line 3--3 in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4--4 in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5--5 in FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the control circuit for operating the device. FIG. 8 is a drawing of a modified version of the base that can cooperate with a portable container. The main components of the present invention are as follows: 10: base, 1
6: Container, 18: First piece, 22: Second piece, 26: All hanging means, 24: Hinge means, 14: Vertical column, 28: Ram, 36: Tubular member, 38: Pressure plate, 40 Nidrum, 4
2: flange, 30: arm, 32: carriage, 54: screw jack, 68: bolt-socket assembly, 102:
Motor, 124: Centrifugal switch, 122: Starting winding,
120: Driving winding, 64, 106, 108: Pulley and belt (means for connecting the motor to the screw jack)
, 56, 58: Bearing, LS3: Limit switch, A
, B: contact first and second positions.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 a base, a waste receiving container positioned on said base, a vertical column upright above said base, and cantilevered from said column movable along said column and in alignment with said container. A waste article comprising a ram added to project from the column, a carriage connected to the ram and freely movable within the column, and means for reciprocating the carriage and the ram along the column. a reversible motor 1 for operating the carriage in a compaction machine;
02 and a limit having a first position for providing current to operate the motor in one direction and a second position for providing current for operating the motor in the opposite direction as a means for controlling the motor. a switch LS3, in which the limit switch LS2 is operable in the first and second positions during raising and lowering of the carriage, and the motor has a starting winding 122 connected in series with the limit switch LS3; A controlling centrifugal switch 124 is provided which automatically disconnects the starting winding in response to an increase in motor speed above a certain upper limit or a decrease in motor speed below a certain lower limit. A waste compacting machine, characterized in that the motor is allowed to rotate in reverse while the carriage is moving.