JPS6066170A - Detector for residual capacity of secondary battery - Google Patents
Detector for residual capacity of secondary batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6066170A JPS6066170A JP58174598A JP17459883A JPS6066170A JP S6066170 A JPS6066170 A JP S6066170A JP 58174598 A JP58174598 A JP 58174598A JP 17459883 A JP17459883 A JP 17459883A JP S6066170 A JPS6066170 A JP S6066170A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- detection device
- detector
- lithium
- display electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/488—Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 関する。[Detailed description of the invention] related.
太陽電池と二次電池とを組み合わせて永久電源を構成す
るというアイデアは容易に思い付くが、二次電池の残存
容量がわからないと、充電時期を逸し、たとえ太陽電池
と組み合わせても、メモリバックアンプ電源などの用途
では永久電源としての価値が消失してしまう。そのため
、上記のような用途では大容量の一次電池を使うとか、
あるいは二次電池の放電容量をコンピュータで積算して
充電時期を知るようにするなどの対策を講じているが、
いずれにしても装置が大型化し、小型、薄形化を目指す
今後のｔ行間に適合しない。The idea of configuring a permanent power source by combining a solar cell and a secondary battery is easy to come up with, but if you do not know the remaining capacity of the secondary battery, you will miss the time to charge it, and even if you combine it with a solar cell, you will not be able to use the memory back amplifier power supply. In applications such as this, the value as a permanent power source is lost. Therefore, in the above applications, it is necessary to use large capacity primary batteries.
Alternatively, countermeasures are being taken such as using a computer to integrate the discharge capacity of secondary batteries to know when to charge them.
In any case, the device will become larger and will not be compatible with the future t-line spacing, which aims to be smaller and thinner.
本発明は、上述のような事情に鑑みてなされたものであ
り、エレクトロクロミズムを示す物質を表示極に用いる
ことにより、二次電池の残存容量をエレクトロクロミズ
ムによる表示極の色変化によって検出することにより、
小型、薄形化が可能な二次電池の残存容量検出装置を提
供したものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and by using a substance exhibiting electrochromism in the display electrode, the remaining capacity of a secondary battery can be detected by the color change of the display electrode due to electrochromism. According to
The present invention provides a remaining capacity detection device for a secondary battery that can be made smaller and thinner.
本発明の検出装置は基本的には対同極、電解質層および
エレクトロクロミズムを示す物質からなる表示極を有し
てなり、それ自体電池機能を有している。この検出装置
に二次電池の電圧変化がそのままかかるように、検出装
置と二次電池とを並列に接続すると、二次電池の電圧変
化に応じて表示極がエレクトロクロミズムにより色変化
するので、それによって二次電池の残存容量を容易に検
出することができる。The detection device of the present invention basically includes a counter electrode, an electrolyte layer, and a display electrode made of a substance exhibiting electrochromism, and itself has a battery function. If the detection device and the secondary battery are connected in parallel so that the voltage changes of the secondary battery are directly applied to this detection device, the color of the display electrode will change due to electrochromism in accordance with the voltage change of the secondary battery. The remaining capacity of the secondary battery can be easily detected.
検出装置にお＆Ｊる対向極を構成する物質は、残存容量
を検出すべき二次電池の負極活物質と重要なかかわりを
有していて、二次電池がたとえばリチウムまたはリチウ
ム合金を負極活物質とするリチウム二次電池の場合には
、対向極もリチウムまたはリチウム合金で構成するのが
好ましい。これは二次電池の負極活物質と対向極が同種
物質であると、二次電池の電圧変化と検出装置の電圧が
同一または平行になり、二次電池の電圧変化に応じた残
存容量の検出が容易になるからである。The material constituting the counter electrode in the detection device has an important relationship with the negative electrode active material of the secondary battery whose remaining capacity is to be detected. In the case of a lithium secondary battery, it is preferable that the counter electrode also be made of lithium or a lithium alloy. This is because if the negative electrode active material and the counter electrode of the secondary battery are of the same type, the voltage change of the secondary battery and the voltage of the detection device will be the same or parallel, and the remaining capacity can be detected according to the voltage change of the secondary battery. This is because it becomes easier.
表示極を構成する物質はエレクトロクロミズムにより色
変化を示す物質であることが必要であり、たとえば三酸
化タングステン（ＷＯ３）、水酸化イリジウム（Ｉ ｒ
（ＯＨ） ｎ ） 、テＩ・ラチアフルハレン＋ポリ
マー、フタロシアニン、フ”ルシャンブルー、ビオロゲ
ン、ポリヂオフェン、鉄−ポリマーなどが用いられる。The material constituting the display electrode must be a material that exhibits a color change due to electrochromism, such as tungsten trioxide (WO3), iridium hydroxide (Ir
(OH) n), TeI-latiafluhalene+polymer, phthalocyanine, Flusian blue, viologen, polydiophene, iron-polymer, etc. are used.
なかでも三酸化タングステン（ＷＯ３）が一般的であり
、蒸着法で容易に作製することができるので特に好まし
い。Among them, tungsten trioxide (WO3) is common and particularly preferred since it can be easily produced by vapor deposition.
検出装置の電解質にはポリマー電解質と称されるポリエ
チレンオキサイドと、ＬｉＢＦ４、Ｌ １Ｃ１０４、Ｌ
ｉＢ（Ｃ６］（ｓ）４、Ｌｉ５ＣＮ、ＬｉＣＦ３ ＳＯ
３、ＬｉＡｓＦ６およびＬ ｉ ＣＦ３ｃｏ２よりなる
群から選ばれた少なくとも１種のリチウム塩との化合物
または混合物や、Ｌ ｉ １、Ｌｉ３Ｎ、Ｌｉ３Ｎ−Ｌ
ｉ Ｉ、Ｌｊ３ＮＬｉＴ−Ｌ ｉ ＯＩ−Ｉ、Ｌｉ４Ｓ
ｉ０４−Ｌｉ３ＰＯ４、ＬｉβＡｌ２Ｏ３、Ｌｉ２０−
ＺｒＯ２−３ｉ０２などが用いられるが、前記ポリマー
電解質が塗布などの簡単な手段で薄膜状の電解質層を形
成できるので好ましい。なかでもポリエチレンオキサイ
ドと上記リチウム塩との混合物は、両者を共通の溶媒、
たとえばアセトニトリルなどに熔解して混合することに
より容易に得られるので、特に好用される。The electrolyte of the detection device is polyethylene oxide, which is called a polymer electrolyte, and LiBF4, L 1C104, L
iB(C6](s)4, Li5CN, LiCF3 SO
3. Compounds or mixtures with at least one lithium salt selected from the group consisting of LiAsF6 and LiCF3co2, Li1, Li3N, Li3N-L
i I, Lj3NLiT-L i OI-I, Li4S
i04-Li3PO4, LiβAl2O3, Li20-
Although ZrO2-3i02 or the like is used, the polymer electrolyte is preferable because a thin electrolyte layer can be formed by simple means such as coating. Among them, a mixture of polyethylene oxide and the above-mentioned lithium salt is prepared by combining both in a common solvent,
For example, it can be easily obtained by dissolving it in acetonitrile and mixing it, so it is particularly preferred.
たとえば」二記検出装置において表示極に三酸化タング
ステンを用いると、二次電池（負極がリチウムで、電解
質がＬｉＣＩＯ４−プロピレンカーボネートで、正極が
三酸化タングステンの二次電池）が完全充電すなわち残
存容量が１００％のときは表示極が無色透明で、二次電
池を３％（正極電気量の３％）、程度放電すると表示極
は青色になり、放電が１０％程度になると表示極は濃青
色になる。そして、その濃青色になった時点で太陽電池
に光をあてて充電するのが好ましい。For example, if tungsten trioxide is used as the display electrode in the detection device mentioned above, the secondary battery (the negative electrode is lithium, the electrolyte is LiCIO4-propylene carbonate, and the positive electrode is tungsten trioxide) is fully charged, that is, the remaining capacity When is 100%, the display electrode is colorless and transparent; when the secondary battery is discharged to a degree of 3% (3% of the amount of positive electrode electricity), the display electrode becomes blue; when the discharge reaches about 10%, the display electrode becomes dark blue. become. Then, it is preferable to charge the solar cell by exposing it to light when the color becomes deep blue.
もし二次電池が、負極がリチウム、電解質がＬｉ Ｃｌ
０４−プロピレンカーボネートで、正極がＴｉＳ２を
用いた二次電池の場合は、検出装置の負極をリチウム合
金たとえばＬｉ−Ａｌ、Ｌｉ−ｐｂに変更することによ
って二次電池と検出装置の電圧を適当なところに設定す
ることが好ましい。If the secondary battery uses lithium as the negative electrode and LiCl as the electrolyte,
04- In the case of a secondary battery using propylene carbonate and TiS2 as the positive electrode, the voltage of the secondary battery and the detection device can be adjusted appropriately by changing the negative electrode of the detection device to a lithium alloy such as Li-Al or Li-PB. It is preferable to set it somewhere.
次に本発明の実施例を図面に従って説明する。Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
透明導電性ガラス（ＩＴＯガラス）層２を設りた厚さ１
ｍｍで、２０ｎ＋ｍ Ｘ ｇｒｉｍの長方形状の透明ガ
ラス基板１上に、蒸着により三酸化タングステン股を約
１μｍの厚さに形成し、表示極３とした。つぎに上記三
酸化タングステン股上にポリエチレンオキサイドとＬｉ
ＢＦ４のモル比４．５ ： １のアセトニトリル溶液を
塗布し、加熱してアセトニトリルを除去して厚さ約１０
μｍのポリマー電解質層４を形成し、さらに該電解質Ｍ
４上にリチウムを厚さ約５μｍの薄膜状に蒸着して対向
極５とした。Thickness 1 with transparent conductive glass (ITO glass) layer 2
A tungsten trioxide layer having a thickness of about 1 μm was formed by vapor deposition on a rectangular transparent glass substrate 1 measuring 20 n+m×grim to form a display electrode 3. Next, polyethylene oxide and Li are added to the above tungsten trioxide.
Apply an acetonitrile solution of BF4 in a molar ratio of 4.5:1 and heat to remove the acetonitrile to a thickness of about 10
A polymer electrolyte layer 4 of μm is formed, and the electrolyte M
Lithium was vapor-deposited on 4 in the form of a thin film with a thickness of about 5 μm to form a counter electrode 5.
つぎに、対向極５上にステンレス鋼板６を配置して対向
極５側の集電体として働かすとともに、表示極３、電解
質層４および対向極５の周縁部外方で、ステンレス鋼４
Ｆｉ、６と透明導電性ガラス層２との間をエポキシ樹脂
７により絶縁封止して第１図に示すような検出装置を製
造した。この検出装置の厚さは約１．５ｍｍであった。Next, a stainless steel plate 6 is arranged on the counter electrode 5 to act as a current collector on the counter electrode 5 side, and a stainless steel plate 6 is placed on the outside of the periphery of the display electrode 3, the electrolyte layer 4, and the counter electrode 5.
A detection device as shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured by insulating and sealing between Fi, 6 and transparent conductive glass layer 2 with epoxy resin 7. The thickness of this detection device was approximately 1.5 mm.
この検出装置をリチウム二次電池（負極がリチウム、電
解質がＬｉＣＩＯ４−プロピレンカーボネートで、正極
が三酸化タングステンのリチウム二次電池）および太陽
電池と第２図に示すような回路で接続した。第２図にお
いてＡは上記検出装置、Ｂはリチウム二次電池、Ｃは太
陽電池であり、Ｄ、Ｅはダイオードで逆流防止と過充電
保護用である。This detection device was connected to a lithium secondary battery (a lithium secondary battery whose negative electrode was lithium, whose electrolyte was LiCIO4-propylene carbonate, and whose positive electrode was tungsten trioxide) and a solar cell through a circuit as shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, A is the above-mentioned detection device, B is a lithium secondary battery, C is a solar cell, and D and E are diodes for backflow prevention and overcharge protection.
上記のように検出装置を組み込んでリチウム二次電池Ｂ
の放電をすると、リチウム二次電池Ｂの電圧変化がその
まま検出装置Ａにかかり、検出装置への表示極３を透明
ガラス基板ｌを通して観察すると、二次電池Ｂが完全充
電時には無色透明であったものが、二次電池Ｂの正極電
気量３％程度の放電で表示極３が青色になり、放電１０
％程度で表示極３が濃青色になる。この濃青色になった
時点で太陽電池Ｃに光を当てて充電することにより永久
電源として使用できる。Lithium secondary battery B with a detection device installed as described above
When the lithium secondary battery B was discharged, the voltage change of the lithium secondary battery B was directly applied to the detection device A, and when the display electrode 3 to the detection device was observed through the transparent glass substrate 1, it was found that the secondary battery B was colorless and transparent when fully charged. The display electrode 3 turns blue when the secondary battery B discharges about 3% of the positive electrode electricity amount, and the discharge 10
%, the display pole 3 becomes dark blue. When the solar cell C turns dark blue, it can be used as a permanent power source by exposing it to light and charging it.
以上述べたように、本発明の検出装置によれば、小型、
薄形化が可能で、かつ二次電池の残存容量を容易に検出
できるので、その工業的価値は非常に大きい。As described above, according to the detection device of the present invention, the detection device is small,
It has great industrial value because it can be made thinner and the remaining capacity of the secondary battery can be easily detected.
第１図は本発明の二次電池の残存容量検出装置の一実施
例を示す断面図であり、第２図は第１図に示す検出装置
とリチウム二次電池および太陽電池との回路図である。
３・・・表示極、 ４・・・電解質層、 ５・・・対向
極特許出願人 日立マクセル株式会社FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the remaining capacity detection device for a secondary battery according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the detection device shown in FIG. 1, a lithium secondary battery, and a solar cell. be. 3...Display electrode, 4...Electrolyte layer, 5...Counter electrode Patent applicant Hitachi Maxell, Ltd.
Claims (1)
、電解質層および対向極を有してなり、二次電池の残存
容量をエレクトロクロミズムによる表示極の色変化によ
り検出することを特徴とする二次電池の残存容量検出装
置。 （２）二次電池がリチウムまたはリチウム合金を負極活
物質とする電池であって、検出装置の対向極がリチウム
またはリチウム合金からなり、表示極が三酸化タングス
テンからなる特許請求の範囲第１項記載の検出装置。 （３）検出装置の電解質がポリエチレンオキサイドと、
１−ｉＢＦ４、ＬｉＣｌＯ４、ＬｉＢ（Ｃ６Ｈ５）４、
Ｌ ｉ ＳＣＮ、、Ｌ ｉ ＣＦ３ ＳＯ３、ＬｉＡｓ
Ｆ６およびＬｉＣＦ３ＣＯ２よりなる群から選ばれた少
なくとも１種のリチウム塩との化合物または混合物であ
る特許請求の範囲第１項または第２項記載の検出装置。[Claims] (11) It has a display electrode made of a substance exhibiting electrochromism, an electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode, and the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is detected by a color change of the display electrode due to electrochromism. (2) The secondary battery is a battery that uses lithium or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode active material, the counter electrode of the detection device is made of lithium or a lithium alloy, and the display electrode is a three-dimensional battery. The detection device according to claim 1, which is made of tungsten oxide. (3) The electrolyte of the detection device is polyethylene oxide,
1-iBF4, LiClO4, LiB(C6H5)4,
L i SCN,, L i CF3 SO3, LiAs
The detection device according to claim 1 or 2, which is a compound or mixture with at least one lithium salt selected from the group consisting of F6 and LiCF3CO2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58174598A JPS6066170A (en) | 1983-09-20 | 1983-09-20 | Detector for residual capacity of secondary battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58174598A JPS6066170A (en) | 1983-09-20 | 1983-09-20 | Detector for residual capacity of secondary battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6066170A true JPS6066170A (en) | 1985-04-16 |
Family
ID=15981366
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58174598A Pending JPS6066170A (en) | 1983-09-20 | 1983-09-20 | Detector for residual capacity of secondary battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6066170A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03141416A (en) * | 1989-10-26 | 1991-06-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Memory card |
| EP0497616A2 (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1992-08-05 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Electrochromic cell testers |
| US5411817A (en) * | 1990-08-11 | 1995-05-02 | Eastman Kodak Company | Battery with charge indicator |
| US5538806A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1996-07-23 | Morgan Adhesive Company | Battery with tester label and method for producing it |
| US5604049A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1997-02-18 | Morgan Adhesive Company | Battery with tester label and method for producing it |
| US5654640A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1997-08-05 | Eveready Battery Company | Cell tester device employing a printed transparent electrically conductive electrode |
| US5672440A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1997-09-30 | Eveready Battery Company | Cell tester device employing a cathodically depositable metal ion electrolyte solution |
| US5709962A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1998-01-20 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Cell tester device employing spaced apart electrochromic electrodes |
| US5737114A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1998-04-07 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Label having an incorporated electrochromic state-of-charge indicator for an electrochemical cell |
| US5830596A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1998-11-03 | Morgan Adhesives, Inc. | Method for producing battery tester label and resulting label and battery assembly |
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| JPS5472084A (en) * | 1977-11-19 | 1979-06-09 | Ricoh Watch | Electrochromic display watch |
| JPS5633627A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-04-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Production of electrode for electrochromic display device |
| JPS5687021A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-07-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Battery capacity display device |
| JPS57142616A (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1982-09-03 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Electrochromic display element |
| JPS57208534A (en) * | 1981-06-17 | 1982-12-21 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Electrochromic display device |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5292334A (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1977-08-03 | Seiko Instr & Electronics | Battery life indicating device |
| JPS5472084A (en) * | 1977-11-19 | 1979-06-09 | Ricoh Watch | Electrochromic display watch |
| JPS5633627A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-04-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Production of electrode for electrochromic display device |
| JPS5687021A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-07-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Battery capacity display device |
| JPS57142616A (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1982-09-03 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Electrochromic display element |
| JPS57208534A (en) * | 1981-06-17 | 1982-12-21 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Electrochromic display device |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03141416A (en) * | 1989-10-26 | 1991-06-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Memory card |
| US5411817A (en) * | 1990-08-11 | 1995-05-02 | Eastman Kodak Company | Battery with charge indicator |
| US5654640A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1997-08-05 | Eveready Battery Company | Cell tester device employing a printed transparent electrically conductive electrode |
| US5458992A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1995-10-17 | Eveready Battery Company | Electrochromic thin film state-of-charge detector for on-the-cell application |
| EP0497616A2 (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1992-08-05 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Electrochromic cell testers |
| US5667538A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1997-09-16 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Electrochromic thin film state-of-charge detector for on-the-cell application |
| US5672440A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1997-09-30 | Eveready Battery Company | Cell tester device employing a cathodically depositable metal ion electrolyte solution |
| US5709962A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1998-01-20 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Cell tester device employing spaced apart electrochromic electrodes |
| US5737114A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1998-04-07 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Label having an incorporated electrochromic state-of-charge indicator for an electrochemical cell |
| US5849046A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1998-12-15 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Electrochromic thin film state-of-charge detector for on-the-cell application |
| US5538806A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1996-07-23 | Morgan Adhesive Company | Battery with tester label and method for producing it |
| US5604049A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1997-02-18 | Morgan Adhesive Company | Battery with tester label and method for producing it |
| US5830596A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1998-11-03 | Morgan Adhesives, Inc. | Method for producing battery tester label and resulting label and battery assembly |
| US6054234A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 2000-04-25 | Morgan Adhesives Company | Battery tester label for battery |
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