JPS6059275B2 - gas generator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for generating gas from coal and steam under elevated pressure and heat supply.

The self-gasification method in which the energy necessary for gasification is generated by burning a portion of the supplied coal in the device belongs to the prior art in the field of coal gasification.

When this gasification method using self-generated heat is carried out under pressure, an upright cylindrical reactor is usually used.
However, this method has an essential drawback in that the yield is low relative to the amount of coal input. Then,
In order to increase the gas yield, a method was adopted in which the heat required for gasification to proceed was supplied from outside (method using externally generated heat). The object of the present invention also belongs to this field, and is intended to utilize nuclear reaction heat extracted from a high-temperature gas-cooled primitive reactor to carry out this method. There are two prior art methods for supplying heat into the reactor.

The first method is to introduce heat into the reactor chamber via heated solids (eg hot sand) that mix with the coal feed. When using the heat of nuclear reaction, this method requires an additional heat exchanger to transfer the heat to the heat carrier material, which not only increases equipment costs, but also makes the method inefficient. The second method involves heating through the walls of the reactor, and similarly has the following notable drawbacks.

One of its drawbacks is that the heating area is extremely small compared to the volume of coal stored in the container. Another drawback is that high pressure (for example, 40 bar) acts inside the pressure vessel, which not only requires expensive heat-resistant materials, but also imposes strict restrictions on strength and volume. It is something to be received. That is, at least with respect to the diameter of the reactor vessels, there is extreme economy, so that equilibrium conditions cannot be maintained unless a large number of vessels are installed in parallel. This means that the equipment cost is very high compared to the processing power to be obtained. Therefore, although this method can be used for laboratory tests, it is not suitable for large-scale installations. The present application has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is intended to provide a gas generator that eliminates the problems of the prior art.

That is, the present invention uses nuclear energy to generate gas, extracts the heat of the gas as a heat carrier from the nuclear reactor, and
The idea is to supply coal on the bed through a pipe system installed on the bed within the retort.

The object of the invention is to advantageously design a gas generator taking into account pressure resistance, heat resistance, coal throughput, heat transfer to the bed and manufacturability of the parts.

A feature of this device is that the chamber of the horizontally arranged retort is divided by perforated tabs as follows: That is, there is a water vapor inlet, a shaped rail (optionally provided with cooling means) extending longitudinally within the retort holds the tub edge, and a flat lower chamber and a raised upper chamber. It is divided into. The upper chamber has a mirror plate-shaped lid at one end with a coal supply port, and a mirror plate-shaped lid at the other end with an outlet for coal residue and a gas extraction port. In addition, the upper chamber contains smoke pipes led in a serpentine or hairpin pattern, which are arranged from above in a coal-receiving bed formed in the tub and connected to a heat source. The tub within the retort or the retort itself is suitably supported such that the coal supply side is higher than the residue withdrawal side.

The difference in height, ie the inclination of the longitudinal axis of the tab or retort, can be adjusted. The horizontal arrangement of the retort, made from individual tubes of suitable heat-resistant alloys that can be manufactured in conventional manner, creates favorable conditions for the design, loading and functioning of the structural parts.

This is especially true for smoke pipes that function like cross-flow heat exchangers. The tabs are slidably supported by shaped rails. The flue, tub, and other necessary parts are for the most part freely suspended within the retort, or fixed so that they can move freely relative to each other, thereby avoiding mechanical loads caused by differences in thermal expansion. It will be done. Since the pipe axis of the smoke pipe is arranged horizontally with respect to the vertical axis of the retort and the direction of coal flow, the pipe surface, flow cross section of each smoke pipe, and smoke pipe system can be adjusted to the optimal condition for the bed volume. can. Thereby, endothermic coal gasification in which a high proportion of methane is generated can be made industrially applicable. It is also very advantageous that by varying the inclination of the retort within certain limits, the coal throughput can be easily matched to the heat supply, independent of bed position conditions.

Another object of the invention is to provide a pipe system consisting of smoke pipes lying in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the retort.

The successive flues are connected to a common collecting pipe at the top of the chamber above the retort. Several tubes can be placed in each plane perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the retort.

In this case, two smoke pipes in one plane can be partially
Since it can be connected to one collecting pipe, the number of collecting pipes is less than twice the number of smoke pipes. In this way it is possible to equip the heat exchanger with tubes of normal dimensions.

In particular, tubes of small diameter can be used, but the tube system can nevertheless be adapted to achieve a given outflow velocity of the carrier gas over a wide range, depending on the length of the individual tubes and the number of tubes in parallel.
It can be adapted to the permissible pressure drop and required surface of the tubing system, and does not block the chamber above the retort and unduly impede movement of the bed. Another advantage of using a small-diameter tube is that the wall thickness of the tube can be relatively small even though the pressure and temperature loads are high. It is advantageous to use thin-walled tubes so that the heat transfer coefficient of the alloy in question is moderate. If the wall thickness of the smoke pipe is small, heat can pass through it greatly, and the temperature difference between the heat carrier and the heating material can be reduced. In addition, small-diameter tubes are easier to manufacture and process using high-temperature alloys than larger-diameter tubes. Next, an outline of the invention will be described in detail with reference to illustrated embodiments.

The tube consists of a heat-resistant inner tube 1 and an outer support tube 3 with thermal insulation 2 in between.

Inside the inner tube 1 is a shaped rail 4 extending in the longitudinal direction.
, 5 are arranged, and the edges of the tabs 6 of the shape rails 4, 5 are supported so as to be movable. Shape rail 4, 5
is welded to the inner wall of the inner tube 1 and may be hollow for the passage of coolant. The tab 6 is made of heat-resistant steel and has holes drilled on the entire surface except for the area on the edge that rests on the rail.
It is divided into A flange joint 9 is provided in the lower chamber 7. A smoke pipe system 10 is suspended in the upper chamber 8 and is arranged so as to reach into the tub 6.

The pipe system 10 consists of individual pipes, e.g. pipes 11, extending in the cross-sectional plane of the pipes, e.g. in the drawing plane of FIG. 1, and collecting pipes, e.g.
is connected to. All other individual pipes 14, 15 of the same cross-sectional plane are connected to other collecting pipes 16, 17, 18, 19.
is connected to. The individual smoke pipes arranged one behind the other in the direction of the axis of the pipe 1 are connected to the same collecting pipe. The collecting tube of each tube is suspended within the inner tube 1. For example, collecting pipe 1
2 is suspended in the angle 20, and the other collecting pipes are suspended by parts 21 and 22. Other sets 12, 13
, 16, 17, 18, 19 are connection parts 23, 2, respectively.
4, 25, 26, 27, and 28. The tube 1 is also provided with a flange joint 29 in the upper chamber 8.

Each retort is provided with flanges 30, 31 at both ends, and a plurality of other retorts provided with such flanges 30, 31 are interconnected.

A mirror plate-like lid (not shown) is provided at the left and right end portions. This lid has a structure corresponding to the support tube 3 of the inner tube 1 and the thermal insulation in between. One mirror plate-shaped lid has a coal charging port, and the other mirror plate-shaped lid has a coal residue discharge port. Since the tabs 6 provided on the tubes have one end protruding from the tube ends, the tabs overlap when the tubes are connected. The method of operating the retort is as follows.

During start-up, the bed of the tub 6 is filled with coal, which is kept in the steam passed through the opening 9. - Heating of the coal takes place primarily in the reactor with a heating medium heated to above 1000'C, which medium is led through a flue system 10, in the retort and, if possible, in other heat exchangers. After releasing useful heat in the reactor, it is sent to the reactor as a pre-product. A gas mixture containing methane and carbon monoxide in an available proportion is withdrawn from the retort through an opening 29. For continuous operation, the retort is installed at an angle to the horizontal, allowing the coal to flow through the retort.

Coal is charged continuously and in small portions through a charging port located high on the front side of one lid, and coal residue is removed through a discharge port located low in the other lid at the end of the retort. Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to eliminate the limitations and drawbacks of the prior art as described above.

In addition, the necessary reaction heat is supplied from the high-temperature reactor to the inside of the gasification reactor through the heat exchanger vibe, and the temperature difference between the inside of the gasification reactor and the heat exchanger is relatively small. The small size, combined with high temperatures, eliminates the problems associated with the prior art. Furthermore, there are no restrictions regarding the size of the heating surface. In addition, the reactor vessel is equipped with a heat-blocking layer on the inside, which is not possible when heating through the walls of the vessel, so that the supporting parts of the reactor vessel, despite high operating pressures, is not exposed to large thermal loads.

And relatively inexpensive materials can be used for the reactor vessel. Embodiment (1) The retort or the tab within the retort is higher in the horizontal direction on the coal supply side than on the residue extraction side, and this height difference can be adjusted. equipment.

(2) Claims characterized in that the smoke pipe lies in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the retort, and the successive pipes are connected to a common collecting pipe in the upper part of the upper chamber of the retort. A device as described in or according to (1) above. (3)
Device according to (2) above, characterized in that several smoke pipes are arranged in each plane perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the retort.

(4) The above, characterized in that the number of collecting pipes is less than twice the number of smoking pipes in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the retort, and in some parts two smoking pipes are connected to one collecting pipe. A device according to (3).

5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaped rail is hollow for the passage of coolant.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross section of the middle tube of the retort, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section thereof. 1... Inner tube, 2... Thermal insulation, 3...
... Support pipe, 6 ... Tab, 7 ... Lower chamber, 8 ... Upper chamber, 9 ... Flange joint, 10
... Pipe system, 11, 14, 15 ... Individual pipes, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20 ...
・Collecting pipe.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 The interior of the horizontally arranged retort is divided into a flat lower chamber equipped with a steam inlet by means of perforated tabs, and an opening for supplying coal, carrying out coal residue, and extracting generated gas. The retort is divided into a high upper chamber, and the inside of the retort is equipped with a vertically extending rail that grabs the tub edge, and the upper chamber has a rail that snakes from above into a bed installed in the tub. The pressure and heat supply increased by means of a flue in a quantitative cylindrical retort, characterized in that pipes guided in the form of a shape or a hairpin are arranged and are connected to a heat source. A device for generating gas from coal and steam.