JPS6048134A - Fluidization treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To perform evaporation, thermal decomposition, combustion, gasification, reaction, drying, or treatment of combination of these processes with high efficiency by feeding a fluidous material from an inlet to a down flow zone contacting with a high-temp. fluidized zone and allowing the fluidous material to contact directly with fluidized particles. CONSTITUTION:Fluidous material such as org. material to be incinerated, waste material for heat source, water or filthy water to be used for temp. control, heavy oil to be converted to lower boiling material by thermal cracking, or wax, is supplied from an inlet 4, 27 to a down flow zone 3 contacting with a high- temp. fluidized layer 2 where the fluidious material is allowed to contact directly with fluidized particles. Further, fluidizing gas is fed from a feeding pipe 7, passed through a dispersing device 17 to blow up fluidized particles and form a fluidized layer 2. As a result, evaporation, thermal decomposition, combustion, gasification, reaction, drying, or combination of these treatments is performed effectively during flowing down of fluidious material through a down flow zone.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for treating a fluidized material in a hot fluidized bed without atomizing or dispersing it.

Conventionally, aqueous or oil-based liquids containing large amounts of solid particles or sludge, highly viscous tar-like substances, pitch-like substances, or their water content clog pores, making it difficult to atomize or disperse them. It was difficult to process efficiently. Especially in relatively small-scale equipment, if a large pore diameter inlet is used to prevent blockage, evaporation, decomposition, gasification,
It is not possible to take the residence time necessary for processing such as combustion.

Therefore, despite the high temperature, the introduced fluid falls through the fluidized bed and accumulates at the bottom of the reaction chamber (or treatment chamber), preventing the continuation of the treatment operation. If the fluid is water-based or oil-based and has high fluidity at high temperatures, it will fill the gas distribution section at the bottom of the fluidized bed, interfering with the formation of the fluidized bed.

In the case of a fluid containing irregularly shaped impurities such as dust, earth and sand, coarse particles, gel-like substances, etc., the diameter of the inlet port becomes large, making treatment even more difficult.

Examples of things that are difficult to process include oil-impregnated mud, pitch-like materials, highly viscous water-containing heavy oil, waste paint, oil-based or water-based solvents in which large amounts of polymers are dissolved, and materials in which many kinds of materials are accumulated in small quantities in large quantities. .

These were usually incinerated with care in large or flat fire pits.

Water-containing high viscosity oils are difficult to treat due to the risk of bumping.

The present invention is useful for processing fluids (which may be mixtures exhibiting chicken tropism), and for producing or controlling fluidized bed processing by means of which fluids are brought into high temperature conditions through a relatively large inlet. It is supplied to a processing chamber (or its vicinity), and is subjected to evaporation, decomposition, ffi, gasification, reaction (or reaction separation, etc.), drying, or a combination thereof while flowing down the flow section.

The inlet port is suitably a tubular object (for example, diameter 5 mm or more, preferably 13 mm or more) or a gutter-like object that is thick enough to prevent the fluid or the substances contained therein from clogging or creating excessive resistance, and there may be more than one. In order to prevent solidification and seizure due to heat, a water jacket structure or a heat shield structure may be used. This was also effective in preventing overheating during supply interruptions.

A stirrer may be attached to the inlet port to prevent clogging. It is effective in treating fluid substances that are separable by settling or solidifying. Further, the stirring blade may also serve as a screw feeder.

The flowing part is a structure in which at least a part of the part comes into contact with the particles of the fluidized bed, and the fluid flowing down the surface comes into direct contact with the fluidized particles. It may also be something that increases the degree.

The material is preferably heat resistant and liquid resistant, but consumable materials may be used for replenishment or repair.

In combustion furnaces, incinerators, gasification furnaces, pyrolysis furnaces, etc., refractory materials, common steel, heat-resistant metal materials, ceramic materials, etc. can be used singly or in combination.

Corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance should also be considered.

For relatively low-temperature processing, glass and plastics can be used in addition to those exemplified above.

It goes without saying that the downstream part may be subjected to surface treatment or coating.

The downstream structure may be a surface (smooth surface, rough surface, uneven surface, wavy surface), or may be a continuous or net-like structure that further increases the contact area.

In a movable structure, centrifugal force and inertial force are added to the driving force that expands the contact area, increasing the filtering ability and making adjustment easier.

A fluid distribution or redistribution structure can be provided at the top or middle of the flow section. These (which may be attached to the inlet/outlet) widen the effective width of the flow section and facilitate processing operations.

The flow part flows in a trickle to the middle and serves as a preheating part, and a distribution part is provided in any part of the fluidized bed to expand the contact area and perform rapid heat treatment to increase the contact efficiency with the fluidized particles and prevent reaction and decomposition. Efficiency, or cooling efficiency, can be increased.

The advantage of this example is that pipe-type heating poses a risk of tube blockage due to explosion or thermal decomposition, while heat removal may cause side reactions or undesirable decomposition, or it may require a reaction time after vaporization. suitable for

A gas blowing hole may be provided in the downstream part to perform dispersion of the fluid, removal of deposits, combustion, etc. A scraper or a stirrer may also be used to remove the deposits. These are useful for keeping the downstream part in a steady state and stabilizing processing conditions. Naturally, the scraping machine may be manual.

One of the advantages of the liquid flow treatment in a fluidized bed according to the present invention is that it is possible to provide a material that is fluid at high temperatures, especially a large surface area, and the fluidized bed has a high heat transfer coefficient (50 to 300 kcal).
/ m h CO ), the key is to be able to safely and efficiently process using the fluidized particle surface area (reaction surface area, adhesion surface area, evaporation surface area).

In addition, a plurality of inlets can be provided, and the inlet may be intermittently. Therefore, carbonaceous deposits are likely to be formed in the flow area of residual oil, fats and oils, fine carbonaceous material slurry, etc. that are easily carbonized. Instead of multiple inlets, the material can be switched between flow positions to allow time for sediment treatment or stripping of the flow surface (or internal surface) before a new feed can flow down again. A sex inlet may also be used.

In this way, it is possible to easily treat materials for which processing time is likely to be insufficient by conventional atomization or spraying.

As for the fine carbonaceous slurry that can be processed, those that have been made into a fluidized slurry or simply mixed are easier to burn and do not emit black smoke than those that are not subjected to such processing. It also has the characteristic that it can be easily supplied by a pump.

In addition, the crude tar produced by coal fluidized carbonization contains water as well as carbonaceous fine powder and is difficult to treat, but the present invention has made it easier to burn and decompose.

In this way, the present invention utilizes the fluidity of water, oil, and organic liquids contained in the pump or inlet to supply them into the processing chamber, and heats them to a high temperature while avoiding the inconveniences of decomposition and sedimentation. It can be used to process fluids that allow them to flow down, or to control fluidized beds.

Thin laminar flow enables processing based on rapid temperature rise and good dispersion, while thick laminar flow enables processing or extended reaction time due to rapid surface evaporation and relatively slow temperature rise and solidification.

Moreover, in any case, since it is a relatively thin layer, it has the characteristic that there is no risk of rapid evaporation.

Next, the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a device suitable for fluid treatment according to the invention. Fluidizing gas (air, combustion gas, steam, solvent vapor, combustible gas, etc.) is fed from 7, passes through a disperser 17 (not necessarily required in the case of a spouted layer), and passes through the fluidizing particles (
For example, sand, carbonaceous particles (or spouted layer, below) are formed.

In the case of combustion, incineration and gasification, the fluidized bed temperature is kept above the ignition temperature of the combustibles involved. During thermal decomposition, drying, evaporation, etc., the required temperature is maintained by partial combustion, external heat, injection of hot gas, etc.

Fluid substances to be treated (this may be organic substances to be incinerated, waste as a heat source or water or sewage used for temperature regulation, heavy oil, wax, etc. to be reduced to a low boiling point by thermal decomposition) 5 is directly subjected to thermal calcination, gasification and other reactions using any available conveyor such as gravity, pressurized tank, pump, screw, chain, etc.

Due to the large amount of heat transfer in the fluidized bed, rapid and thorough evaporation or thermal decomposition occurs, so there is little residual evaporation or volatile matter, and depending on the conditions, rapid gas generation can cause the feed to be fragmented into the fluidized bed and dispersed. (For example, due to the good disturbance, diffusion, and mixing effects of the fluidized bed, the fluidized particles come into contact with the flowing fluid at the bottom surface of the heavy flow, which is difficult to burn, but the rapid reaction that occurs at the interface) It separates from the flow section due to the generation of gas and steam.Things that adhere to the surface of the fluid grow and flow down and are peeled off naturally, or are also peeled off by an agitator or vibrator and returned to the fluidized bed. Attach kimono to the surface to create a large surface area and increase processing speed.

Water contained in heavy oil or pre-contained water or methanol improves fluidity, generates steam, renews the surface, reduces seizing on the flowing part of the fluid, and peels off the seized material. This helps to keep the effectiveness of the flow section within a reasonable range.

When the height of the flow part is low, the remaining liquid reaches the receiver 2 OK. 1
In the case of fuels, wastes, etc. that need to be processed in one pass, raise the temperature of the fluidized bed, increase the flow area, or reduce the amount of waste to be treated so that the unprocessed material does not reach 20K in the receiver. Operate to.

When the remaining liquid is required, it can be taken out by attaching a take-out pipe 28 to the receiver. This can be absorbed or managed if necessary.

Gas such as combustion air, steam, and auxiliary powder raw materials can be blown into the fluidized bed through the blowing pipe 19. A sprayer or a screw feeder may be used, which may spray onto or near the downstream surface to promote processes such as combustion or to remove deposits.

For example, high viscosity oil (
(Waste oil may be used) can be used as a heat source for waste incineration.

Reference numeral 16 is a temperature, pressure, etc. detecting end which can be used to detect the presence or absence of a fluid, and to adjust the blowoff, combustion air, gas, etc. blown in from the pipe 21.

Reference numeral 9 denotes a gas outlet, which is an outlet for gas and dust vapors that are processed products. If necessary, a powder overflow port and a bottom discharge port may be provided.

1B is a blowing pipe to the upper part of the fluidized bed or to the lean section.

There may be a plurality of downstream parts, inlet ports, etc.

FIG. 2 shows an apparatus that has a spouted bed or a swirling fluidized bed with a conical bottom, which can be equipped with a stirrer if necessary, where the fluid is supplied from the inlet 4 at the bottom, and where the conical part is the flow part.

Thermal decomposition is carried out by using the heavy oil inlet provided oppositely, using the conical slope at the bottom of the high-temperature fluidized bed as the flow part 3. Steam was used as the fluidizing gas, and the heat source was a high temperature generator gas combustion burner.

The flow part 3 is provided with protrusions 13 in order to distribute the liquid over the surface and increase the contact efficiency. The stirring arm 15 prevents carbon deposition on the slope and maintains a good fluid state.

The two-part inlet 4 is suitable for providing decomposition heat by fluidized combustion of carbonaceous particles using air as a fluidizing gas. This is because in the upper part of the fluidized bed, there is less free oxygen due to combustion, and the loss of light oil caused by cracking can be relatively reduced.

Reference numeral 22 represents a fuel gas, air, or oxygen supply pipe or burner, which can also serve as the stirring shaft 2.

, 29 indicates a receiver. When the flow area is near the wall, introducing combustion air (oxygen) into the center of the processing chamber is effective in reducing combustion loss of the product. This takes advantage of the fact that in a fluidized bed, the rate of mixing and diffusion is large but finite.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which a plurality of inlet ports 4 are used in order to increase the effective flow area of the planar flow section 3, and a weir-shaped protrusion 13 for distribution is provided.

FIG. 4 shows its longitudinal section.

The one shown in FIG. 5 has protrusions 13 to guide the flow, and is suitable for a downstream part that has poor fluidity even at high temperatures.

In Fig. 6, a vertically elongated convex portion is used as a flow section 3, and a combustion air inlet 19 is provided in a concave portion, which is suitable for fluidized combustion of heavy carbonaceous oil according to the present invention. , prevents the accumulation of carbon deposits and allows smooth combustion.

FIG. 7 shows an example of its cross section. The direction of the spout is directed toward the convex portion. FIG. 8 shows an example 911 in which the overflow molecule i2 section is provided with an air jet hole in a hollow tube (for example, circular or semicircular in cross section), and the surface thereof is used as the flow section 3.

It has the advantage of preventing carbon deposition and having good contact efficiency in the case of combustion.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a flowing structure in which a flowing object repeatedly flows down and drips down a high convexity or the surface of an arm 25. Since fluidizing particles are attached to or contained in the droplets, there is good contact between the particles and the fluid, which is effective when mutual reaction or catalytic action is required. It is useful when hydrogen is used as a fluidizing gas to crack heavy oil under high temperature and pressure, or when a coal-heavy oil slurry is similarly reacted. This allows operation at higher temperatures than conventional hydrogen processing. Since it is a fluidized bed, the required heat can be supplied by partial combustion of hydrogen, etc. with oxygen.

FIG. 1O shows an example in which the flow part 3 is formed on the surface of the rotating shaft 12 to improve contact with the fluidized particles. By attaching the protrusion 25, it is possible to obtain flow in the direction perpendicular to the axis due to centrifugal force, and the contact surface area can be arbitrarily large.
24 is a scraping rod for removing clogs in the liquid reservoir 30 in the overflow weir 13.

FIG. 11 shows an inlet 4 having an inlet port 4 which can be rotated by a rotating shaft 12. In FIG. The fluid is supplied onto the upper weir 13 provided on the flow down surface 3 (the device wall or intermediate wall) and flows down. The inlet pipe 4 may have an angle to the tubular axis 2 rather than being perpendicular to it. 23 is a claw arm.

In FIG. 12, a window 26 is provided in the cylindrical lower part inserted into the fluidized bed so as not to obstruct the movement of the fluidized particles. The cylinder may be a cage-like or frame-like structure. These have the advantage of having a large contact area, but like the tenth example, the contact efficiency increases due to motion or vibration.

The structure in which the flow section is placed within the fluidized bed is suitable for externally heating the fluidized bed through the wall or for cooling the fluidized bed.

FIG. 13 shows the inclined flow section 3 bridged to the inner wall of the device. Sticks, gutters, plates, etc. can be used. It has the advantage of being easy to install and less likely to fall or fall. The first pharynx has two downstream parts. Figure 15 shows an example of this in plan view.

FIG. 16 is a diagram in which the effective area is increased by increasing the number of downstream parts, and is a three-dimensional diagram of the downstream parts.

Figure 16 shows a trapezoidal arrangement.

Combinations or partial combinations of the above examples are also possible, and the present invention is not limited to these.

Example J Fluidized combustion furnace with a part of the furnace wall as the flow section Inner diameter 60 am Firebrick lining, flow section lined with water-resistant cask pull, conical bottom, fluidized gas swirl blowing chamber Sand average particle size 0
．． 6mm, filling amount 1.00 J air amount 400 Nm
7 o'clock Fuel Oil tank sludge (including earth and sand) 31 kg/hour Wastewater COD 4600 PPM 30-62 kg,
7. Fuel and water were mixed in a stirring tank at 40-45 °C to form oil-water mixtures of different degrees.

The mixture was delivered to the lower part of the furnace through a 22 mm internal diameter thermally coated stainless steel inlet tube by means of a screw pump.

Stable combustion took place. Combustion temperature is 750°C downstream
Refractory-coated heat-resistant steel plate installed on the inner wall of the furnace, width 10 cm
m Length 1.2m The lower surface of the refractory flow is a vertical flat plate, the receiver is at the bottom end, and the temperature detection end is attached.The arrival of the falling material to the receiver (usually undesirable) is detected by the temperature detection end, and the rate of water contamination with the oil is determined. The combustion temperature could be adjusted so that there was no dripping to the bottom of the furnace. Excess/deficiency of water was determined by a separately provided water spray.

Sensible heat from the combustion gas was recovered as steam using a waste heat boiler.

The mixing state of water and oil varies depending on the ratio of the two and the substance that acts as an emulsifier, and can vary from water-in-oil to oil-in-water, and can range from coarse dispersion to fine emulsion-like dispersion depending on the stirring intensity, etc. However, stable combustion occurred under all conditions. This is a major feature of the present invention.

(Comparative example) Spray combustion was difficult due to blockage of the spray nozzle.

It was also difficult to use a strainer to remove the t7 blockage due to the deposits.

Although it was possible to burn the fuel by placing a fire pit in a fixed furnace, the irregular moisture content in the fuel caused bumping, making the operation difficult. The results were similar for those mixed with water.

Example 2 In Example 1, instead of water spray, wastewater containing oil, suspended particles, and earth and sand was supplied by providing a lower part of the water flow for temperature adjustment. Unlike water spray, the droplets did not reach the waste heat boiler, and no fouling of the heat transfer surface was observed.

The dimensions of the downstream section were the same as those of the downstream combustion section.

In Example 1.2, when no water was added to the oil, there was no problem with combustion, but a thin black smoke that was visible to the naked eye was observed.

Example 3 In Example 2, the oil/water mixture fuel shown in FIG. 5 was used, and the sewage flow lower part was used as shown in FIG. 4. The required flow distance for the former was halved, and for the latter it was reduced to one-third.

Example 5 2 parts by volume of water were added to 1 part by volume of waste white clay used for decolorizing and refining petroleum, and 0.3 parts by volume of heavy waste oil was added, stirred, and treated in the same manner as in Example 2.

The incineration process went smoothly. After the treatment was completed, we examined the flowing part of the returned white clay slurry and found that white clay was deposited along the flow path, but due to the action of fluidized particles, the thickness did not exceed a certain level and the refractory surface was protected. .

Thus, in the operation according to the invention, the lower flow surface can be protected by adding solid particles to the flowing liquid.

Example 6 The air pipe indicated by 5 in Fig. 7 was connected to a hole with a diameter of 3 mm and
Exposed on the wall as fumarole pipes arranged in two rows with m pitch,
In combination with the flow section shown in Figure 6, a fluidized bed burner was constructed. In Example 2, no black smoke was produced even under conditions that tend to produce black smoke.

Example 7 The downstream part of the structure shown in FIG. 8 was used in the same manner as in Example 6. The tube is made of 1B-8 stainless steel with an inner diameter of 54 mm and a length of 1.
It was used by being immersed in a 2 m 0 fluidized bed.

The amount of blown air was 120 Nm at 7 o'clock.

There was no damage to the metal parts due to the cooling effect of the air and the temperature uniformity effect of the fluidized bed.

Example 8 In the furnace shown in Example 1, a furnace made of 18-8 stainless steel pipe with an outer diameter of 49 mm was installed.

Height of bar-like protrusion 30ITIIT+1 diameter 20mm Pitch! A pile-like arrangement with a diameter of 50 mm was used.

Fuel heavy oil is pitch-like 420 J 7:00 (contains water and dust) Fluidized air 34ONm/hour Decomposition temperature 700'C! By connecting the gas outlet to the combustion furnace, we were able to introduce combustion air and perform combustion.

Coal could be used instead of sand as the fluidizing particles.It is difficult to treat oily substances containing tetrachlorinated solvents, especially those containing polymers, but with the present invention, reactive particles are used to dehydrochloride in a furnace. We were able to.

The appropriate treatment temperature is 760°C or lower for alkali, and 650°C or lower for iron or its compounds, and a non-oxidizing atmosphere is required in the case of iron or its compounds.

As explained above, the present invention is a fluidization treatment method that can be treated with high efficiency as long as it has flowability in the processing chamber regardless of normal fluidity and contaminants. Even materials that contain particles (solid particles, earth and sand, fibers, gel-like materials, etc.) or that have inconsistent properties can be easily processed by combustion, vaporization, thermal decomposition, gasification, stripping, etc. When processing materials that contain coarse materials that have not yet been fluidized, you can use a fluidized bed in which the bottom is squeezed into a conical (or pyramidal) shape and fluidized gas is blown into the bed, making it easy to process materials that are difficult to process using normal methods. can be processed. It has good fluidity (of course, it can be treated if it can be sprayed), but in this case, there is little need to consider the liquid properties like with a spray nozzle, and there is no spatter that is discharged untreated, and power consumption is low. It has many advantages such as less.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The figure shows an example of a device suitable for carrying out the fluidization process according to the invention. Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views of the processing equipment;
5, 6, and 8 are views of the downstream portion, FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 3, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 6. FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a flow section with convexities that can cause dripping;
10, 11 and 12 are sectional views of a device having a movable flow section or inlet, respectively. 13th
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a device with an inclined flow section across a fluidized bed. FIG. 35 shows the 14th cross section B --
FIGS. 16, 17, 18, and 19, which show the B view, are three-dimensional views of the downstream section assembled with rods, plates, etc. 2 fluidized bed, 3 downstream part, 4 inlet, 6 large object wall,
7 Fluidizing gas feed pipe, 12 Rotating shaft, 13 Flow bottom convexity or weir, 2o receiver 24 Scraping frame, 27 Supply port for things that do not flow down, 30 Liquid reservoir for liquid distribution. Patent applicant: Jibu Sasaoka

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a fluidized bed (or spouted bed), a fluid is supplied from an inlet to 1. A fluidization treatment method in which the flow part (3) in contact with a high-temperature fluidized bed is supplied to directly contact the fluidized particles, 2. The fluid material is a liquid, an emulsion, a suspension, a plastic material,
It is a combination of two or more selected from pitch-like substances and jelly-like substances, and may also contain miscellaneous substances selected from garbage, earth and sand, metal powder, and organic or inorganic powder. 3. The flow killing method according to claim 1, wherein the flow section is a stationary or moving structure (which may be a surface) or a combination thereof. 4. The fluidization treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the fluidization particles are one or a combination selected from inert, flammable, and reactive.