JPS6044965A - Stacked fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make unnecessary cooling plates and reaction gas supply and exhaust manifolds and improve efficiency of a fuel cell by arranging in juxtaposition each unit stack in which each reaction gas flow path is arranged in the first second, third, and fourth sides. CONSTITUTION:Unit cells each of which consists of a fuel cell, electrolyte matrix, and oxidizing agent electrode, and gas separating plates are mutually stacked and reaction gas flow paths 10 and 11 are formed. By this manner, a plurality of unit stacks 21 are formed. Each unit stack 21 is arranged in juxtaposition through each separating wall 19 so that the first through fourth sides of each unit stack 21 and the first though fourth sides of other unit stack 21 form the first through fourth flow paths. Fuel gas is supplied to each unit stack 21 from the first flow path a and exhausted from the second flow path b. Oxidizing gas is supplied from the third flow path c and exhausted from the fourth flow path d. By this arrangement, cooling plates and reaction gas supply and exhaust manifolds of a stacked fuel cell are eliminated.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Technical field of invention] This invention relates to a novel stacked fuel vehicle pond.

[Prior art]

Conventional stacked fuel cells have been limited to those shown in Figure 2. In FIG.
1 battery, (2) is a gas separation plate, +31 Fi cooling plate, and (4) these are all vertically stacked VC bonds.

(6) is the reactant gas (fuel and oxidizer) manifold attached to the stack (4)! 61 t:r 41
1blr 14F nl yy> is a current collector plate that takes out electric power, and (l) is the wiring for the electrical system. Also, (8
) is the pressure response for containing four stacked bodies (41) and serially rotating them as bacteria. cel is the cooling air inlet, (f)
r: the cooling air outlet, (a) the fuel population, (b) the fuel outlet, (C1ij acid oxidation eight people', and d) the slag oxidizer outlet [,
It is 1. In addition, this stacked fuel cell uses a method to control the cell temperature by flowing air through the flow path of the cooling plate, that is, an air cooling type. It shows the flow of air, which is a heat medium. (9) is a shielding plate for separating the air before it flows into the tank and the air after it flows into the tank.

Although Fig. 1 shows the case where four Aj (layer I41) are housed in one pressure vessel f811/(', there is also a case where one laminated body is housed in one pressure vessel. ＆yc, Fig. 1f(g) Although this case is shown in which an air-cooled type is used as the cooling method, there are also 4 types of cooling pipes on the cooling plate.
In some cases, a liquid-cooled type is used, which moves upward using a heat medium such as water or oil.

Next, we will discuss vJf'. When the reactant gas is supplied to the reactant gas manifold L51' (y 3q), electric power is generated. In the laminate (4), the single cell f++ is a gas δ) having four charges.
They are connected in series by a separation plate (2) and a cooling plate (3), and the current generated in the single cell (Ij) is collected on the current collector plate +61. )
K contained four stacked bodies f+) Th electrical vc n>
, : Connected in a row or in parallel, or generated in the stacked body (4), the +6 force is transferred to the outside of the force area (8), and -v7 is finally F. The cell battery (1) lamp generates heat when it operates, and the cell battery may be damaged due to high temperatures, so the cooling plate (3) is used to fully control the temperature of the heavy oil. The cell area is large, 2500 cm2 to 1 m2, and there is a commercial temperature part especially near the center of the cell. Generally, when using a cooling plate (3),
lit 'Insert the cooling plate (3) into several pieces of melting (1), and cool the cooling plate (31f/(formed wave path 7).
4. Air in the cooling pipe etc.

This is done by using a heat medium such as water or oil. FIG. Air flows from the outside through the bottom of the pressure vessel (8) and flows into the pressure vessel (VC) from around the four laminates (14) to the cooling plate (3).
) VC flows into the flow path as shown by the arrow in the figure. Next, AA
When the pond is cooled and becomes high temperature, four rams Iζ pass through the entire center of the body (4) and reach the low B1 of the pressure vessel (8) and flow out to the outside MB. Since the layered fuel cell has a 4V4 structure as described above, the cooling plate (3
), cooling pipes, and other parts that are not directly related to power generation, and to flow heat media such as air, water, and oil, a considerable amount of power is consumed, and for this reason, laminated type There were drawbacks such as lower fuel cell efficiency.

These drawbacks are due to the fact that the area of the electrode is relatively large, making it difficult to control the entire temperature of the f'i regeneration basin only by cooling with the reactant gas. In addition to this, there are also drawbacks such as the need to attach the manifold (5) to each K11x.

[Summary published in January] This invention eliminates the drawbacks of the conventional ones as described above, and uses a unit cell having a fuel electrode, an electrolyte IJ, and an oxidizer electrode, and a gas separation plate. A plurality of them are stacked alternately, and the inlet and outlet of the fuel gas flow path are respectively the first one. On the second surface, an inlet and an outlet of the oxidizing gas flow path are provided on the third side. A plurality of unit laminates are arranged on the fourth surface, and each unit laminate is surrounded by the first to fourth surfaces of each unit laminate and the first to fourth surfaces of the other unit laminates. 1~
Each of the unit laminates is arranged in parallel to form a fourth flow path,
All of the fuel gas is supplied to each of the unit laminates from the first flow path, and the fuel gas is discharged from the second flow path through the fuel gas flow path,
Oxidant gas is supplied from the third flow path, and the oxidant gas flow @
It is advantageous to configure the structure so that it passes through the warehouse and discharges from the fourth flow path, and the stacked type eliminates the cooling plates stacked on the unit stack, as well as the manifold for supplying and discharging fuel and oxidizing gas. The aim is to provide a full range of fuel cells.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be explained based on the drawings. Second
3 are plan views showing the front and back sides of a circular gas separation plate according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows the fuel electrode side, and FIG. 3 shows the oxidizer electrode side. . In the figure,
(io) is the recessed part of the reaction gas flow path, (11) is the convex part of the reaction gas flow path, (I2fj external reservoir), (13) is the part of the partition wall marked with 1. Note that the numbers (11 to U) are 1A and 1B respectively show the first to fourth surfaces t'1 of a unit laminate formed by stacking gas separation plates and unit cells.

FIG. 4 is a side 116 view showing a unit laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the two faces (first and fourth faces) of the unit laminate seen from the partition wall are shown in the halves. ing. In the figure, (14) is a circular holding plate, (15) is a circular insulating plate, (16) is a circular power supply plate, and Oη is shown in FIG.

P, a circular gas separation plate shown in Fig. 3, θ81 a circular cell, (19) a partition wall, and (4) a lift fitting. Current collector plates (161, insulating plates 05
1, and the holding plate (+4)' (H stacked, the sides of these laminates [to accommodate the 4 partition walls], the lift fittings (A)
A cylindrical unit laminate is formed by fixing with bolts having . Note that the first to fourth units of this unit laminate
The inlet and outlet of the fuel gas flow path and the inlet and outlet of the oxidizing gas flow path are arranged on each of the four sides.

FIG. 5 is supplied to the unit laminate shown in FIG. 4.

It is an explanatory diagram showing the flow of the discharged reaction gas and the storage of the partition wall, and in the diagram, ? υ is a unit laminate. Further, arrows indicate the flow of the reaction gas, and (d) indicates the supply of the oxidant gas, and (d) indicates the discharge of the oxidant gas.

The partition wall (19) made of stainless steel or the like is attached to the side surface of the unit laminate c21) with all insulation gaskets interposed therebetween, and is airtightly joined to the partition wall (19) by rubbing or the like. .

FIG. 6 i- is an explanatory diagram mainly showing the reaction gas flow 7'1 purple channel shown in FIG. ing. In the figure, the third flow path is constituted by the partition (19) interposed between the four unit laminates D and the partition wall (19). This is the supply port for the oxidizing gas that opens at the bottom of the third flow path, and the arrows indicate the direction in which the oxidizing gas supplied to the four unit laminates (2υ) surrounding the third flow path flows.

Note that in this figure, only the third flow path is shown, but the first
．． The same applies to the second and fourth channels.

FIG. 7 is a schematic layout diagram showing the arrangement of a plurality of unit laminates by converting each component into a full code. This is equivalent to the one shown in the figure. In the figure, (c) is a cylindrical pressure vessel, (
C) is the column, (C) is the gas separator, and (to) the cylindrical volume f?
+4 Main pipe for supplying and discharging reactant gas containing VC,
Electrical wiring is housed in a cylindrical container, and in this case it is a spare cylindrical container. In addition, the space f' surrounded by the four laminated C swords and the partition wall (19) is also filled in with the symbols (a), (-b), (cl, and (d)). This is explained in Figure 5 and shows the different types of reaction gases, supply, and discharge, as shown in Figure 7. (a) Supply of fuel gas, (b) Discharge of fuel gas, and (C) Oxidation. Supply of oxidant gas, (d) !d Indicates discharge of oxidant gas. Note that 4 on the side near the pressure vessel IA wall.
Instead of a space surrounded by one laminate Cυ and a partition wall (19), one to three laminates (21) and a support column (2),
The space surrounded by the gas separator (c) and the cylindrical container containing the reactant gas main line and electrical system main line is used for supplying and discharging the reactant gas. In this case, these struts and gas separator plates are considered to be part of the partition wall. In addition, if the reactant gas supply port and discharge port are placed either above or below the internal space of the pressure vessel (c), [
stomach.

FIG. 8 is a piping diagram showing the fuel gas supply and discharge routes when the reactant gas supply port and discharge port are attached to the lower surface of each pressure vessel interior space. In the figure, dotted lines indicate fuel gas supply branch pipes, and solid lines indicate discharge branch pipes. In this figure, only the fuel gas supply and discharge branch pipes are shown to avoid complexity, but the same applies to the oxidizing gas.

1ilJ is also applicable when the pressure vessel (C) is housed on one side of the internal space.

FIG. 9 is a side view of FIGS. 7 and 8, with the entire cylindrical pressure vessel partially cut away to show the inside.

In the figure, (4) is the housing part of the reactant gas branch pipe shown in Figure 8, and - is the electrical system main line housed in a cylindrical container. Body @I
) This is the storage area for the electrical system branch lines between. Incidentally, the stacked body group shown in FIG. 9 constitutes one group structure.

Fig. 10 is a side view showing a stacked fuel tank according to an embodiment of this starter 1 in which all three group batteries shown in Fig. 9 are connected; in the figure, g31) is a group battery; ((Things J
+ (foundation identification part, (c) is the pressure vessel on the ceiling.

The bottom of the reaction waste system piping is connected to the outside, and each group of batteries C31) is connected with the reaction gas main pipe (A).
.

-Similarly, the electrical system wiring is also connected to the outside at the bottom G33, and the electrical system main line (A) is used to connect each group of cables 31).

In addition, the gas separation plate (171-1) shown in FIGS. 2 and 3
For example, if the diameter of 19 is 30 cm, only the battery (18
) is approximately 500 cm2, but the output per cm2 is [0.15W, a cell (18)
The output is 75W per unit. Therefore, a cell (18
)? When 100 cells are stacked to form a unit of 41 layers (21), 7.5k per unit layer C21)
In addition, when the output of the group battery (1111) consisting of 21 unit laminates 12'll is 157.5 kW, and when three group batteries (c311) are connected as shown in Figure 1O, the VC is 4701 (W At this time, the diameter of the upper waste bin (c) shown in FIG. 10 will be 2.5 m and the height will be approximately 4.5 m.

7. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the gas separation plate (17
This is because it is advantageous to increase the effective area of the r' city battery even though it is made into a single circle. However, if the diameter exceeds 50 cm, it will be difficult to control the temperature of the battery with gas cooling using only the reactant gas, and if the diameter is less than 10 cm, the unit laminate (the output per 2η will decrease, so the unit laminate will be placed in a pressure vessel). C2]) must be completely increased. This increases the number of parts and increases costs. Therefore, judging from the overall consideration of cooling effect, preparation and assembly of i# battery (18), storage of unit laminate C21), cost, and power generation scale, the diameter of gas separation plate (171) is 3O
After CmrIiJ appears to be the most preferred. In addition,
Although it is neglect of the cell battery (18) that counts 100
A cell size is preferable for handling purposes.

Next, the assembly method will be explained. Single cells (18) and waste separation plates 0nTl-1 are stacked alternately df, and a current collector plate (161) and an insulating plate (15) are attached above and below, respectively.
As shown in Figure 4, insert the two presser plates (14)
Fix the top and bottom using metal piping. Furthermore, partition walls (19) are installed at four locations, and a cylindrical unit laminate Ge1) is completed. In this way, tc21 unit laminates 3 are completed.
υ17t and lift fittings are used to assemble it into the battery group 6B as shown in FIGS. 11 and 32. 11 and 12 are explanatory diagrams showing the unit laminate shown in FIG. 4 in a state at the time of completion of installation, and in an intermediate state during installation. In Figure VC, (B) is the supply port and discharge port for the reactant gas, and in this figure, the fuel gas supply port (not shown) is fully shown. , G119 u
This is the teno (part) of the presser plate (14).
4) Gas sealing properties are maintained throughout the tapered portion □□□. Electrical wiring part cf9 is unit 4*Wr rest c2
It is connected to the sword's current collector plate (1φ), and is designed to collect the current to the outside via the electrical branch line and main electrical line.

In the structure similar to the above, the battery cell (1□
The area of □□ is small, and each I
It is possible to control the temperature of the unit laminate Qυ and the partition wall (1
9), that is, the first to fourth channels serve as a manifold for the reactant gas, so the manifold (5) must be placed in each laminated body as in the past. It is not necessary. Furthermore, it is possible to increase or decrease the number of battery packs (6)), depending on the required power generation scale.
It is possible to adjust the total amount by increasing or decreasing it.

In addition, from the viewpoint of the effective area of the battery in the above example, the case where the unit cell (181) and the gas separation plate (171) were formed in a circular shape was shown, but even if they are oval or polygonal, the same effect as in the above example will be applied. In addition, the number of unit laminates tZU to be housed in the pressure vessel is determined depending on the effective area of the single-layer oil tank and the scale of power generation.
It doesn't have to be just one.

Furthermore, a partition wall (+9) provided between each unit laminate (t2N)
Even if K is attached, it is not necessary and there is no light, single r1 (ike (181
By devising the shape of the gas separation plate θ'71, the unit laminate e
It is also possible to join υ comrades in an airtight manner.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the reaction gas flow path (lit), (
When Ill is provided on the waste separation plate (171), π is shown, but when it is provided on the unit cell (i81), the same effect 7f as in the above embodiment is obtained.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the present invention provides a fuel electrode.

1i with an electrolyte matrix and an oxidant micropole
1- A plurality of batteries and gas separation plates are stacked alternately in VC, and the entrance and exit of the passage for fuel gas θ1 are the first and second. On the second page,
The population and outlet of the oxidizing gas flow path are 3rd and 41i.
It is equipped with a plurality of 141 stacked carcasses arranged in a row i', / 1, and the 1st to 4th bodies of each 11-layer stack and the other 11
Each of the unit laminates 4 is surrounded by the first to fourth surfaces of the stacked laminate so that the first to fourth channels are all formed.
・Supply fuel gas from the parallel (-1) flow path to each of the above fJL stacked bodies, and pass through the fuel gas flow path; P
, the oxidant gas is supplied from the third flow path, and the oxidant gas flow path is completely bent and discharged from the fourth flow path. In addition to omitting the cooling plate stacked in the carcass layer, +7 is a layered structure with a manifold for supplying and discharging fuel and oxidant gas.
It has an effect that fuel cells cannot provide.

4. For a simple explanation of the drawings, Figure 11 is a partially cutaway diagram of a conventional stacked fuel oil to reduce the internal dimensions, Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the implementation of Part 4. Example: Bottom view of the front and back of the gas separation plate related to VR,
FIG. 4 is a side view of the unit laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention, viewed from the center of the partition wall, with two objects not shown;
Figure 5 shows Figure 4 VC (supplied for 11 stacks,
The flow of the discharged reaction gas and the storage of the partition wall are shown in Figure 1-1. Figure 7 is a layout diagram schematically showing the arrangement of a unit stack of several bales with each component controlled, and Figure 8 is a layout diagram of the reactant gas supply port and discharge 11 total pressure volume d ÷ internal space. Supply of fuel gas when the number is below.

A piping diagram showing the general flow of discharge, Fig. 9, Fig. 7, 24, and a group battery shown in Fig. 8). Fig. 1, Fig. 10, Fig. 9. A side view showing a stacked type fuel 'heavy oil' according to an embodiment of the stacked type fuel 'heavy oil', in which three connected batteries are connected.

Fig. 12 is a diagram 1Jlj showing the state of the unit laminate shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 4 at the time of completion of installation and in the intermediate state of installation.

In this case, ill, Qs + light single gun pond, +21,
ill has a gas separation plate, (3) has a cooling plate, +41.12
υ unit laminate, (6) reaction gas manifold, (
8), (c) light 13-1 power sphere, (101.

(11) is the reaction gas flow path, (19) is the partition wall, C (υ is the group battery, (I) to (IV) rt E11 position 4' + \ Layer body SH υ's 1st to 4th surfaces. , (a) U, supply of bath gas, (b) discharge of fuel gas, (c) supply of oxidant gas, ((1) discharge of oxidant gas. Determine the flow direction of the reflux gas and cooling air.

In addition, in the figures, the same numbers indicate the same or corresponding parts.

Agent No (Masuo Iwa) Figure 1 Figure 2 1■ Figure 73 e(:, Figure 1 Figure Figure 6 Figure 7 Figures 3 and 3 1st) Figure Figure 10 Figure 11 3614 Figure 12 Tomi ZA EZru

Claims (1)

[Claims] flf A plurality of single magnetic ponds and gas separation plates each having a fuel city pole, an electrolyte matrix, and a final cut city pole are alternately stacked, and the inlet and outlet of the fuel gas flow path are 1st each.
The inlet and outlet of the oxidant gas flow path are located on the second surface. The unit laminates arranged on the 4th surface (Il - multiple pieces, the 1st to m4 of each unit laminate and the other N! M laminates are arranged on the 1st to 4th surfaces, respectively) The VcL unit laminates are arranged side by side to form quadruple t'-shaped first to fourth channels, and fuel gas is supplied to each of the unit laminates from the first channel. , through the fuel gas flow path to the second flow path η・
The fuel cell is configured such that the oxidizing gas is discharged from the oxidizing gas, the oxidizing gas is supplied from the third flow path, and the oxidizing gas is discharged from the fourth flow path through the oxidizing gas flow path. (2) In the thing described in claim 1, the first to fourth flow paths are formed by the surfaces of each unit laminate and the partition wall.
5. A stacked fuel vehicle pond characterized by: