JPS6043635A - Liquid-crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a large-sized color display panel by applying a voltage to every row of one beltlike electrode (common electrode) in a matrix on time-division basis, and shielding electrodes from light except intersection parts with signal electrodes arranged oppositely thereto. CONSTITUTION:Plural shutter opening parts 21 (21a, 21b...) where color filters are arranged are arrayed zigzag, and shutters are positioned at intersections of row electrodes 22a and 22b and signal electrodes 23 (23a, 23b...). A row electrode substrate used for the shutters have a metallic light-shiled mask 25 formed on row electrodes 22a and 22b in an area except where the shutter opening parts 21 are formed on a substrate 24. The color filters 28, on the other hand, are provided on an insulating film 27 corresponding to the shutter opening parts 21. A water-soluble resin film having insulating properties is used to form a light shield mask in a gap by dyeing, and the light shield mask serves as an oriented film. Consequently, the constitution is simplified, the cost is reduced greatly, and no gap is formed between electrodes.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] This light 61. Display panel I: It is a color display panel with a high speed display and a flash of color.

(From +il floor, scan 'city pole group and signal 14i, pole group in matrix form 11'+ 'l'j L, its Lu,
4 = 1jy guy's 11 with liquid crystal compound filled in between! IIZ;
It is well known that the α product table/resequence for displaying phi Iw or information by forming a phi Iw or information.

As for the driving method of this table 1, addresses f and A are added to the scanning electrode group sequentially in Jrt1 period, and a predetermined information signal is applied to the signal electrode group in synchronization with the address signal. However, this display element and its driving method had a major drawback, which could be called fatal, as described below.

That is, it is important to increase the pixel density or to increase the size of the 11th surface. Among conventional liquid crystals, most of them are used practically as display elements because they have relatively high response speed and low power consumption. A
ppliedPhysics Lettere'Vo,
18. No. 4 (19?l, 2.

15) r P , 127-128' Voltage
-(1r+Pandent Optical Activ
ity of a, Twi'ste+l Nemat
ic Liquid (T shown in fryatal j
N (twisted, namatic) type liquid crystal is used, and this type of liquid crystal is composed of nematic liquid crystal molecules that have positive dielectric anisotropy in a non-electrostatic state.
Twisted in direction fc (A ¥ included (helical also (4); shi)
The liquid crystal molecules form a 4-4 structure arranged in parallel on both electrode surfaces. On the other hand, in the 'city boundary applied state,
In the positive loop 5'IJ7, the anisotropic nematic liquid crystal is aligned in the floating direction, and as a result, optical modulation can occur.

When this type of liquid crystal is used to construct a display element supported by a matrix electrode structure, the region (selection point) K where both the scanning electrode and the eC A voltage of 1 value or more is applied to vertically align the liquid crystal molecules, and no voltage is applied to the chain acid (unselected point) where both the scanning electrode and the signal electrode are not selected, and therefore the liquid crystal molecules are maintains a stable parallel array.

By arranging straight lines (116 photons) that are in a four-snicol relationship with each other under the seven points of such a liquid crystal, no light is transmitted at selected points, and light is transmitted at non-selected points, so
It becomes possible to use 1illll image elements.

However, if the matrix electrodes ti and 7 structures are configured, the scan 'Lii 1! There is also a finite 14L rise in the region where ii is selected and no signal electrode is selected, or in the region where the Q and scanning electrodes are not selected and the signal 1d peak is broadly selected (age: 1 half-selected point'). Once upon a time, the voltage applied to the selection point and the voltage applied to the ten selection points, A-, were sufficiently large, and the voltage value required to rearrange the liquid crystal molecules in the '- field was between these two. If the voltage value is set, the display element will operate normally, but if the number of scanning lines is increased, it will become effective for one selection point while scanning the entire screen (17 frames). The time during which the electric field is applied (aut,
y ratio) decreases at the rate of i. For this reason, when repeated scanning is performed, the effective voltage difference between selected points and non-selected points becomes smaller as the number of scanning lines increases, resulting in a decrease in image contrast and distortion. This is a drawback that is difficult to avoid. Such a phenomenon is
A liquid crystal that does not have bistability (in the stable state N1Lf, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned horizontally with respect to the electrode plane, and they are aligned vertically only while an electric field is effectively applied) is This is essentially an unavoidable problem that occurs when driving using the bond effect (ie, repeated scanning). In order to improve this point, the 1-pressure averaging method, the 2-frequency movable method, and the multiplex method have been proposed in J. It is insufficient and the size of the display element is
(towards 117) The current situation is that the crystal mud/vertical ratio V1 and the number of grains per stroke per stroke cannot be sufficiently evened out.

For this reason, a display panel using a semiconductor drive circuit board in which a semiconductor switching element is provided for each pixel was first proposed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1983-2. This is shown in Publication No. 4, etc. However, in this panel, since each 1:i4j thread 1u: forms a VC switching element, cost)? It has the drawbacks of being low in price and not suitable for large panels.

An object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed response 'RiL1. It is another object of the present invention to provide a color display panel with a FC display panel capable of operating as a television.

-J- That is, the present invention eliminates the electrode structure in which the band-shaped electrodes of the two-dimensional number facing each other are crossed to form a matrix shape, and one phase number of the 4me)
As a result, 7LTh products can be made to malfunction by using a main power system that applies voltage in time division to each row.
IJ writing 7d: And the part of G8 ゛1u4 placed opposite this and σJ intersection Nll'l except for the fsls part (the part not affected by the liquid crystal or electric field) is pasted with light shielding means. However, the display panel is characterized by a color filter provided in the area through which light passes.

The liquid crystal display panel of this 36-inch model has, for example, the shape shown in FIG. 1, and the row electrode (common electrodes 4 and 1+) plate used therein has the shape shown in FIG. 2VC.

The shutter shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 has a shutter opening 21 (2'l) in which a color filter is arranged.
a, 21b, **...) are arranged in several pieces in a zigzag pattern, and the row electrodes 22a and 22b and i1; No. 1
1d i11423 (23a, 23b, 23c, 23d
.

It is placed at the intersection of ・・・e@・). The row'-pole μ plate used for this shutter has a gold MW optical mask 25 on the row electrodes 22a and 22b in the area excluding the area where the shutter opening 21 is formed on the substrate 24 (glass, plastic, etc.). It is formed. The color filter 28 is provided on the insulating film 27 corresponding to the first part 21 of the shirt shutter. Furthermore, a 21-color insulating film 26 is disposed between the CC1 rows 22t and 22b.

An example of the process of forming the row electrode substrate shown in FIG. 2 will be described.

In FIG. 2, on the inner surface of the glass substrate 24 there are electrode rows 22a and 22b made of thin electrodes.
3 and a gold J'J5 light tracing mask 25 are formed, and a polyvinyl alcohol (p v' h ) film is formed thereon as a self-directing film.

For P'VA, use GOHSENOL (Nippon Gosei Kagaku Kuwa) EG-10% water 71-liquid, and as the photosensitive attachment side, add 5% ammonium to the solid content of PVA.
I, IJ and 1, added ic and spin coated it (
The insulating film 27 is formed by heating at 6000 rpm for 15 minutes at 60°C.

Next, with the peripheral bar 1s covered with a mask, P V, A
IIQ (narrow crotch 27) is exposed for 10 to 15 seconds and developed with pure water for 30 seconds to remove unexposed areas. Next is N.

After drying with gas and heating at J2so° C. for 5 minutes, the P'VAlfJ surface is subjected to an alignment treatment by rubbing.

Next, photoresist (P'PPR 800) was spin-coated (2ooorpm, lo') at 80°C.
After heating for 5 minutes at
The photoresists j and tJ in the area 6 are removed, and then the PVA film is immersed in a dye solution for 5 minutes to dye the PVA film to form a colored insulating film 26. Dye 5uraifix Elack
]1iNS (Sumitomo Kaji), 5olophony
IN (IL (Ciba Geigy), 01bacet G
rey ff1Jll (Saba Geigy) No. 1 011 Since it is 2% water soluble, use Raku 1・I'l', 2
Single or 3-handed NF! 4' Go old and flirt next 1?゛(-Noru ξ and 4 make 131 ``I sip's 'v'lk I
It is also good to get a good temperature at °C. Next, add 5 rinsing with water, and methyl gothyl ketone.
Remove the remainder of jJ, rinse with 1 isopropyl alcohol, dry with Fron paper, and bake (180℃, 1
Through finishing steps such as 5'), the gap 1Xis between the row' electrodes 22a and 22b is dyed opaque, and the light-shielding mask is completed. Next, old color, red, and green color filters 28
For example, It, j: % i, +1+ 7 talocyanine,
A film of 64r phthalocyanine or prylene pigment is formed on the film by a vapor deposition method.

Further, an example of the process of forming the row electrode substrate shown in FIG. 3 will be explained. In FIG. 3, it is assumed that row electrodes 22a and 22bJj and a mask 25 made of transparent universal thin film are formed on a circular curve of a glass substrate 24, and a film is placed on top of the row electrodes 22a and 22bJj. Forms a family of vinyl alcohol brocades. pv
A is gohsenol (Nippon Gohsei Hieto) hG-obt
Using a vlo% water bath solution, apply photosensitive sashimi f11 and add ammonium to the above PVA! Ii) Rotate the cooled product at a rate of 5% relative to the amount of water to give tL'(a
oooyo・kawa n, 10') Shun 15 minutes 111 at 60°C
1+M': 'Length.

Next, for 1 production quantity of the 4th round original mask 25, a mask with 9 parts is aligned, and the PVA 1 is returned for 10 to 15 seconds in the alignment L'/C shape. Un-formulated t'ris is removed by rinsing with water for 30 seconds. Next, N.
Heat and dry at 80° with gas for 5 minutes. .

(Engin', IN・eye Cb 'IJ interrogation to make the PVA film vermilion. Song Yi, eye, i Su++ disease 11'ix l
"1ack ELIS (Sumitomo Chemical), uu'i Qi
lIj6J+y tvoh (Ciba Geigy), 0iba
cemfj, roy 1111 (Ciba Geigy) 1
-1 or 14114011 2% ice 4. It's my own α
It is also possible to obtain the desired concentration by sequentially soaking 4FQ dyes of 2 or 3 colors. As a result, the PVA film is dyed, and the colored insulating film 26
is formed.

Next, P V A II of the area that will become the shirt opening
A color filter 28 is formed by coloring Q to blue, 10 red colors, or a dark brown using a normal 7-color process.

Next, rinse with pure water, rinse with isopropyl alcohol, dry with Fron paper, and bake (180℃)
, 15'), etc., to complete the light-shielding mask and color filter 28 in which the portion between li'j is indistinctly dyed.

Then, on the surface m+, polyimide resin (East side Usu 5P-
Rotating ir cloth Llc using 25% NMP metallurgy of 510)
(between 3ooorpII!, 6 oIf!Jj) and then 300° (.

Add i+r and % for 30 minutes to form a final bλ27.

Remove the small rimid crotch on the seal and the electrode terminal (
Add a 10% aqueous solution of γ alkali to 60° C. for 101 hours. Then, by rubbing, the orientation force level of the Y1 crystal molecules is determined.

The metal light-shielding mask 25) can be formed by employing seven etching steps after forming a film of a reflective metal such as ordinary chromium, aluminum, or silver by means such as vapor deposition or plating. This metal blackout mask.

25 is made of chromium and sometimes about 300 to 2000
It is formed with a film thickness of λ'.

By combining a glass substrate on which a light shielding mask is formed as described above and a glass substrate having a conventional counter electrode, a G
+'h Arrange the light plate and display the liquid crystal display panel C)I+! 4
In the case of L/L, most of the faint light spots that pass through the non-voltage-applied area as described in +ij are absorbed by the dyed mask. It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even if the Asahiko mask 61 is formed on the opposite pole side. It is possible to form a light blocking mask.

Furthermore, it goes without saying that a light-shielding mask may be formed on both the pattern electrode side and the opposing 1Li electrode side.

The present invention is directed to -L. water n1・
fU: dyed using tree 11il leather crotch
The structure is f!, since the light-shielding mask also serves as an alignment film. It can be manufactured at a very low cost with only one unit. It also has the advantage that 1fjj gaps do not occur between the electrodes.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a part of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

In the specific example of the present invention, 6; 1, electrode 4 for multiple time-division driving;
- A liquid crystal display panel having a structure can be used.

For example, 32 row electrodes 41 or 42 are arranged on the substrate, and n column (-signal) electrodes 42 are arranged on the opposing substrate. Furthermore, B (blue), G (green), and R (red) filters a are arranged in the areas where the row electrode 41 intersects with the columns 'rh and tJii 42, respectively. Above and below ((1G light plates are arranged so that polarized light 1illiI43 and 44 are arranged in a crossed nicol shape!), and a nematic liquid crystal (referred to as NP) with a positive u tip angle is arranged at 45 degrees with the polarization axis.
It is homogeneously oriented in the direction 45.

Here, only the T construction time (T
0=1 ms θC), a voltage of opposite phase to the other row electrodes is applied, and line sequential scanning is performed for 1 m5 eC at j[(next Og-+ O, . . . -4).

Also, there are 43 in T1 and the base color display point B is 0□ and 80.
Since they are in phase, there is no upper and lower m-field, and it becomes a patina state with 1,i
Since the J color display point BQ'' B22 is in the opposite phase, a voltage is applied, and the 'it<product numerator stands and takes a 11δ state.

At the green cuff display point 01, as well as the blue color display point B0, an electric field with a voltage difference of θ□~032 and 83 is applied to the liquid crystal display point B. Since this is the operating voltage, the dark state is taken. When C, all color display points of value are voltage or 11
] Since there is a school teacher, everything is in a dark state. Next to 12”J
Then, only the color display point Ga of the LJ color of the display boiling becomes the same phase, and takes the color shape tA. As described above, by sequentially scanning the lines by addressing the display points on each line with the in-phase signal °, and by repeating the scan at a period that does not cause discomfort to the human eye, OlJ and Kano 11・The color contrast is brighter than the conventional multi-hour! The crosstalk phenomenon caused by the 711 drive is all reduced to 1) and 4, making it possible to display an extremely high color display quality matrix.

This frame color display panel can provide clear color display by arranging the illumination light source on the side opposite to the viewer. Also, the color filter may be placed outside the display panel, or may be provided on the row electrodes and/or column electrodes.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, in which a pair of polarizing plates 62 and 63 are arranged on both sides of a display panel 61 having color display points B and GR, and the side opposite to the viewer 65 is shown in FIG. An illumination light source 64 is placed at the color display points B, e, and R.
By selectively lighting up IF and illuminating it with the 1 (-1 bright light source 64) behind it, a bright color display can be obtained.

Further, in another example of the J-4 body of the present invention, a liquid crystal having bistability can also be used.

Several products with bistability used in the present invention have forced electrical properties, and specifically, chiral smek dike 0411 (Sm(1") or in-phase (S rIIf)
) can be used.

This liquid crystal 1: has a bistable state consisting of the l-th optically stable state and the second optically stable state with respect to the i'+u field, and therefore is different from the optical variable bundler used in the above-mentioned TN type liquid crystal. 1 difference, for example, the liquid crystal is oriented in the l-th optical state M; for one electric field vector, and the lL1 product is oriented in the second optical state M for the other '+ii field vector. Oriented first.

For strong liquid crystal display, please refer to 'LM JOURNA'
L DEPI Kasumi■OLFTTjljliS '上j (
p 69) l 975 + “FvrroolecL
+ric, Liquid Crystals J i'
AppliedPhyt4. ica LetterFI
'3 tj (11) 1980 '5ubriic
r.

5econd Biutable Electroop
tic Switching 1nLiquid 0r
ystalsJ i 'solid object fqj 'l 6 (1
41) 1981 "Liquid Crystal", etc., and the ferroelectric liquid crystal disclosed therein can be used in the present invention.

As an example of a combination of a strong V, conductive liquid crystal compound, decyloxybenzolidene amino methyl butyl dclcy10X
y'bOuZy1jd13ue P' bllllno
2 mθthylbuty1 cinnamate hexyl suboxybenzylidene cinna+++LLto ('
hol]AMBo), hexyloxybenzy-1
1dene-amino chloropropyl cinnamate P
'-amino-2-chloropropyl ci
nnamate (HOBAOPO) methyl butyl
Resolcylidene and 4-0-(2-m ethyl )-bu
, tyl'-reaorcylidene-octylaniline 4'-octylaniline (M B RA 8
) etc. are punched.

When constructing an element using these materials, in order to keep the liquid crystal compound at a temperature such that it becomes an Smg* phase or an Sm1l* phase, the element may be heated as needed by a heater. l! It can be supported by an embedded copper block or the like.

FIG. 7 is a polar diagram of an example of a cell for explaining the operation of a forced Iu liquid crystal. 71 and 71' are
It is a substrate (glass plate) coated with a bright electrode (1i) such as Tin Oxide), between which a layer 72 is oriented to have an attenuation of 7M on the glass surface and has a 1cE3ruO" phase or a 5nI
H" phase liquid crystal is sealed. The gland 73 shown by a thick helix represents a liquid crystal molecule, and this liquid crystal molecule 73 has a dipole moment (Pρ74) in the direction perpendicular to the molecule. .

When a voltage above a certain value is applied between the electrodes on the substrates 71 and 71', the helical structure of the liquid crystal molecules 73 changes and the dipole moment (P;) changes. The orientation direction of the l* crystals 5) and 73 can be changed so that all of the crystals 4 are oriented in the direction of the r4L field. Riko 73 has an elongated shape, and exhibits anisotropy in the long axis direction, short and short, and l + force direction bending D10,
It is easily understood that, for example, if cross-niffle polarizers are placed above and below a glass surface, a liquid crystal light-changing element whose optical characteristics change depending on the polarity of voltage application is created.

Optical variable 3I of the present invention: t preferably used in the a element
The thickness of the product cell can be made sufficiently small (for example, 1 μm). That is, as shown in FIG. 8, even when no electric field is applied, the helix of liquid crystal molecules 1. The structure is unraveled, and its dipole moment) P or P' is in the opposite direction (
84) Or take either O)-shaped I root pointing downward (a a/). In such a cell, a constant 1 is added as shown in No. 8 and 1.
Voltage applying means 8 m-field E or E' whose polarity increases more than word of mouth
1 and 81', the dipole moment Q'
By comparing + with the field E or n'tv electric field with electric field vector, change the direction to upward 84 or -G or downward 84', and then change the direction to 14.
', i, the J product molecules have either a first stable state 83) and are oriented in one of the second stable states 83'.

There are many advantages to using such a strong, electrically transparent liquid crystal as an optical modulation element. First, I'j'+"L"
The first point is that the formula is narrower and faster, and the second is to innovate the orientation or bistability of liquid crystal molecules. Analyzing the second point, tJ 2.
+5' To explain with reference to Figure 8, when an electric field F is applied to -I, the molecules are oriented in a first stable state 83, or this state of the center is stable even when the electric field is increased. Also, when the opposite direction '1j1, field E' is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are in the second stable state 1,y! , 83' and changes the orientation of the molecule, but even if the electric field is turned off, the molecule remains in this state 1,17
ing. In addition, unless the field E has a constant value of 7 given by 7, each surface sense still holds O and 11:. In addition, it is preferable that the cell be as thin as possible down to V in order to effectively realize fast response speed and bistability. I don't like this kind of strong-willed behavior.
When forming a device with the liquid j+X+, there is a point where it is difficult to form a monodomain cell in 'A'S1. As mentioned in 1, in order to operate the effect vC as an optical element, 1f
The cell is formed such that the layer having the SS+nO* phase Sm1- is perpendicular to the surface of the turbulent plate, that is, parallel to the surface of the liquid crystal molecules &'1 substrate.

Is this Muku? (k, crystal cell is made in the United States/1 No. 436, for example.
It is disclosed in Publication No. 7924-υ.

For example, by arranging this strong-color liquid crystal in the matrix polar structure shown in Fig. 4 and driving it in a prescribed manner, a clear color display can be obtained. It's eighty.

Above all, jJ! From the beginning, the following advantages are added.

No. 1 is also a digital single element, and one Kasi piece can be produced by only fine patterning.

2. Since the crosstalk does not increase, the color display becomes 11.1 bright after 4 seconds.

3. There is no j41 Kawayoriko characteristic.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

, (Sl I &:i, Hirama L of the display panel
It is 1υC101 and 1 of the display panel of 4. 4th seam 1, A: It is a top view showing the X1 persimmon hI structure of Komei's display panel. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an evening time chart when driving the display panel of the present invention during the fifth interval. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the liquid crystal display element of the present invention. 7 and 8 are perspective views showing another example of the display panel of the present invention. 21a, 21b i Color filter is t'lI!
Irig shutter &71J 111 Mi1 28; Color filter 25;
．． o2.・・ΦG3□, G3□; Green display point R1s
R2t ” Axis RBz * R32' Red 1 < Showing point 61i Display panel 62.63; Polarization grade e4; lti bright light source 65;

Claims (1)

[Claims] Arrange the arbitration signal 'electrode and this signal 1d pole J
An electrode structure in which the row 1L poles of L fc Vi are arranged in a matrix, and the signal electrode and the row electrode are at least opposed to each other.
Lighting means for blocking light except for the 11th minute and the signal ■
A display panel having a liquid crystal cell equipped with a liquid crystal and a color filter, which was secretly investigated in 111 of the illi and row 'iLL pole, and 1
11:f A liquid crystal display element having a UJ means of 9:J.