JPS6039891B2 - rotating machine bearings - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a structure for arranging guide bearings and thrust bearings of a rotating machine that receives a thrust in a direction direction.

In general, vertical shaft rotating machines, such as water turbine generators and pump motors, are equipped with guide bearings for holding and guiding the rotating shaft in the radial direction to prevent it from tilting, the weight of the rotating shaft, and the axially downward water thrust force (shaft It is equipped with a thrust bearing (downward thrust bearing) for supporting the downward thrust in the direction. However, in addition to the downward thrust in the axial direction, these vertical shaft rotating machines are sometimes subjected to water thrust force in the direction of the marrow, which is larger than the weight of the rotating shaft. If the rotating shaft is lifted by the water thrust force, the performance of the machine will be affected, so a thrust bearing (upward thrust bearing) is required to support the upward thrust in the axial direction. The operating principle of an upward thrust bearing in a vertical shaft rotating machine is the same as that of a downward thrust bearing, so in order to support a large upward thrust, the oil film on the bearing surface must have a structure that has a wedge effect. There is.

As an upward thrust bearing with such a wedge effect,
Bearings are known in which a thrust bearing pad consisting of a plurality of segmented columnar bodies is arranged in the circumferential direction to move the head forward in the direction of rotation, but the conventional upward thrust The bearing has a thrust bearing surface formed at a different position from the outer peripheral surface of the collar on which the guide bearing is arranged, and the bearing is arranged on this thrust bearing surface, so the collar has a large shape. In addition, the space required for arranging the bearing portion is large and the structure is complicated. Additionally, there is also known a secondary upward thrust bearing that is integrated with a guide bearing, in which the inner circumferential surface of the guide bearing is used as a bearing surface as a guide bearing, and the lower end surface is used as an upward thrust bearing. It is used as a bearing surface for a bearing.

However, there are two types of guide bearings: ring-shaped integrally molded ones and segment-shaped columnar ones, but in both cases,
Because the guide bearing cannot move its lower end face forward in the direction of rotation due to its structural limitations, there is no oil film wedge effect, and in order to support a large upward thrust, the lower end face must be moved forward. This has the disadvantage that the area must be increased, and the shape and dimensions of the guide bearing become large, resulting in high cost. This invention was made in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, and an object of the invention is to dispose the thrust bearing of a rotating machine that receives thrust in the vertical direction at a common position with the guide bearing, so that the bearing portion can be The object is to have a compact structure and to increase the load capacity of the guide bearing and thrust bearing.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a vertical shaft type hydroelectric generator.

In the same figure, reference numeral 1 indicates a rotating shaft, and 12 indicates the rotating shaft 10.
The collar is a rotating member that is integrally formed in the shape of a circle with an appropriate gap between the collar and the outer peripheral surface of the collar. The color 12
comprises a cylindrical portion 12a and a flange portion 12b that bulges outward in the radial direction from the tip of the cylindrical portion 12a, and the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical portion 12a is a guide bearing surface of the same D as the center of the rotary shaft 10. , both end surfaces of the flange portion 12b in the ball direction are thrust bearing surfaces perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft 10, respectively.
A bearing bracket 14 is provided around the rotating shaft 10, and a bottom wall 15 of the bearing bracket 14 is provided with the rotating shaft 10.
An inner peripheral wall 16 is erected in the gap between the collar 12 and an outer peripheral wall 17 is erected outside the collar 12 to form an annular oil tank 18.
An oil tank cover 19 is attached to the upper end of the outer peripheral wall 17, and a sealing mechanism 20 is provided on the inner peripheral edge of the oil tank cover 19, and is brought into sliding contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 10. On the lower thrust bearing surface of the flange portion 12b formed on the collar 12, a downward thrust bearing pad 22 consisting of a plurality of segment-shaped columns is arranged on the same circumference, and the bearing material 23 on the upper surface is slid. A pivot support point (not shown) on the bottom surface is brought into contact with an elastic support 24 remounted in the circumferential direction of the bottom wall 15 of the bearing bracket 14.

Further, on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 12a of the collar 12, guide bearing pads 26 made of six segment-shaped columns are arranged at symmetrical positions with respect to the axis D of the rotating shaft 10 at intervals corresponding to one piece. Set up a whale.

This guide bearing pad 26 has a pivot hole 2 on its outer peripheral surface.
8 is recessed, and a ring-shaped vertical fixing member 29 is provided upright on the bottom wall 15 of the bearing bracket 14 so as to surround the collar 12.
A pivot insertion hole 30 is drilled in the radial direction at a position corresponding to 8, a pivot 31 is inserted into the pivot insertion hole 30, and a nut 32 is screwed to the rear end of the pivot 31 to form a spherical surface at the tip. The support point abuts the bottom surface of the pivot hole 28 of the guide bearing pad 26.

Thus, in the guide bearing pad 26, the bearing material 27 lined on the inner peripheral surface is in tight contact with the outer peripheral surface (guide bearing surface) of the cylindrical portion 12a of the collar 12, but the lower surface of the guide bearing pad 26 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface (guide bearing surface) of the cylindrical portion 12a of the collar 12. An appropriate gap is provided in the upper thrust bearing surface of the flange portion 12b to prevent sliding.

Further, on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 12a of the collar 12, an upward thrust bearing pad 34 consisting of six segment-shaped columns formed to have approximately the same external shape as the guide bearing pad 26 is installed. Adjacent alternately between
It is arranged on the same circumference as the guide bearing pad 26.

A pivot hole 38 is recessed in the upper end surface of this upward thrust bearing pad 34 .

A horizontal fixing member 39 is fixed to the upper surface of the vertical fixing member 29 with bolts 40, and a pivot insertion hole 41 is axially bored in the horizontal fixing member 39 at a position corresponding to the pivot hole 38 of the upward thrust bearing pad 34. Insert the pivot 42 into the pivot insertion hole 41, screw the nut 43 onto the upper end of the pivot 42, and place the spherical support point formed at the tip against the bottom surface of the pivot hole 38 of the upward thrust bearing pad 34. Let them come into contact with you. Thus, the upward thrust bearing pad 34 is
The axial end bearing surface is in sliding contact with the upper thrust bearing surface on the cylindrical portion 12a side of the flange portion 12b of the collar 12 via the bearing material 35 on the lower end surface. A recess 33 is provided in the inner peripheral surface of the upward thrust bearing pad 34 in the circumferential direction at the center. This recess 33 facilitates the circulation of lubricating oil in the circumferential direction, allows sufficient oil to flow to each guide bearing pad 26, and has the effect of stabilizing the posture of the upward thrust bearing pad 34. cylindrical part 12a of
Reduce the area that comes into contact with the guide bearing surface,
The inner peripheral surface between the upper and lower edges of the recess 33 is also lined with bearing materials 36 and 37, respectively, to prevent wear of the upward thrust bearing pad 34. The collar 12 of the guide bearing pad 26, downward thrust bearing pad 22, and upward thrust bearing pad 34 arranged as described above.
The bearing surfaces between the guide bearing surface and the lower and upper thrust bearing surfaces are supplied with lubricating oil by circulating the lubricating oil in the oil tank 18 by a pump action accompanying the rotation of the rotary shaft 10.

With the above configuration, the rotating shaft 10 is guided in the radial direction by the guide bearing pad 26, and the downward thrust in the axial direction is supported by the downward thrust bearing pad 22.

Both the guide bearing pad 26 and the downward thrust bearing pad 22 are constructed as a plurality of segment-shaped columns, and the guide bearing pad 26 is connected to a pivot 31, and the downward thrust bearing pad 22 is connected to a pivot (not shown). Since the elastic supports 24 are pressed against the guide bearing surface of the cylindrical portion 12a and the lower thrust bearing surface of the flange portion 12b of the collar 12, the mirror is tilted forward with respect to the rotational direction of the rotating shaft 10. A wedge effect occurs in the oil film on each bearing surface. Therefore, the guide bearing pad 26
and the downward thrust bearing pad 22 each have sufficient load capacity. Further, even when an upward thrust in the opposite direction to the downward thrust in the axial direction that the rotating shaft 10 always receives acts, the upward thrust bearing pad 34 is pressed by the pivot 42 against the upper thrust bearing surface of the flange portion 12b. As a result, a large oil film pressure is generated between the axial end bearing surface and the upper thrust bearing surface of the flange portion 12b due to the wedge effect of the oil film. It also exhibits great load capacity against thrust forces.

In the illustrated embodiment, the center of the pivot 42 of the upward thrust bearing pad 34 coincides with the center of the upward thrust bearing pad 34, but if the direction of rotation of the rotating shaft 10 is constant, The position in the circumferential direction can also be shifted forward in the rotational direction from the center of the upward thrust bearing pad 26.

In this way, the oblique angle of the upward thrust bearing pad 34 with respect to the rotational direction is increased, so that the wedge effect of the oil film is increased, and the upward thrust bearing can have an even greater load capacity. Regarding the pivot between the guide bearing pad 26 and the downward thrust bearing pad 22,
A configuration similar to the above can be used if necessary. Further, in the above embodiment, the number of guide bearing pads 26 and upward thrust bearing pads 34 are the same, and they are alternately adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction at approximately the same distance from the axis. However, the number and arrangement position of each bearing pad may be determined as appropriate depending on the ratio of the magnitude of force received by the guide bearing pad and the upward thrust bearing pad of the rotating machine to which it is applied. can be selected.

For example, if the force that the guide bearing pads receive is greater than that of the upward thrust bearing pads, you can place multiple guide bearing pads adjacent to each other and place one upward thrust bearing pad in between them, or It is sufficient to arrange a smaller number of upward thrust bearing pads adjacent to each other than guide bearing pads.On the other hand, if the upward thrust bearing pads are subjected to a larger force, they can be arranged according to the above method. good.
Further, even when the number of each bearing pad is the same, it is not necessarily necessary to arrange one pad at a time alternately, but a plurality of the same number of pads may be arranged adjacently and alternately. Further, the guide bearing pad and the upward thrust bearing pad may have different widths in the circumferential direction. In the above embodiment, a vertical shaft rotating machine has been described, but the present invention can be similarly applied to a horizontal shaft rotating machine.

In this case, a thrust collar is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft as a rotating member that rotates together with the rotating shaft, and a thrust bearing pad is provided on one end surface of the thrust collar.
A guide bearing pad and a thrust bearing pad are disposed on the other end side in the same manner as described above, and the guide bearing pad is brought into sliding contact with the outer circumferential surface (guide bearing surface) of the rotating shaft, and the thrust bearing pad' or thrust collar is Make contact with the end face (thrust bearing surface). When the thrust in the European direction acts from only one direction, the thrust bearing pad is arranged on the guide bearing side, and the other thrust bearing pad is omitted.

A pivoting support mechanism is not necessarily required for the guide bearing pad. As is clear from the above description, the present invention provides a guide bearing surface and a thrust bearing surface on a rotating shaft of a rotating machine or a rotating member that rotates together with the rotating shaft, and each has a plurality of segment shapes. A guide bearing pad consisting of a column and a thrust bearing pad are intermixed and arranged in the circumferential direction at positions approximately equidistant from the koji center of the rotating shaft, and the bearing surface of the guide bearing pad is slidably connected to the guide bearing surface. At the same time, the bearing surface of the thrust bearing pad is in opposing or sliding contact with the thrust bearing surface.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the guide bearing pad and the thrust bearing pad are disposed at a common position around the rotating shaft or the rotating member, so that the bearing portion can be made small and simple in structure. . Moreover, this invention
The guide bearing pad is pivotally supported in the radial direction to guide the rotating shaft, and the thrust bearing pad is pivotally supported in the koji direction to support the vertical thrust of the rotating shaft.
By giving the oil film on each bearing surface a wedge effect, it is possible to obtain a bearing structure with high load capacity in both the radial and axial directions. The present invention is particularly suitable as a bearing for a vertical shaft water turbine generator that receives an upward thrust in the axial direction, but it can also be applied to other similar pump motors, generator motors, and the like.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 10: Rotating shaft, 12: Collar, 12a: Cylindrical portion of collar, 12b: Flange portion of collar, 26: Guide bearing pad, 29: Vertical fixing member, 31: Pivot of guide bearing pad, 34: Upward thrust bearing Pad, 35, 36, 3
7: Bearing material of upward thrust bearing pad, 39: Horizontal fixing member, 42: Pivot of upward thrust bearing pad. Figure 1 Figure 2

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A rotating shaft of a rotating machine or a rotating member that rotates integrally with the rotating shaft has a cylindrical guide bearing surface concentric with the axis of the rotating shaft and a thrust bearing perpendicular to the axis. A plurality of guide bearing pads and thrust bearing pads, each of which is a segment-shaped columnar body, are arranged in a mixed manner in the circumferential direction at positions approximately equidistant from the axis, and the rotating shaft or The rotary member is pivotally supported in the radial and axial directions by fixed members surrounding the rotary member, and the inner circumferential bearing surface of the guide bearing pad is brought into sliding contact with the guide bearing surface to guide the rotary shaft in the radial direction. A bearing for a rotating machine, characterized in that an axial end bearing surface of a bearing pad faces or slides into contact with the thrust bearing surface to support the axial thrust of the rotating shaft. 2. A bearing for a rotating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing is provided on a thrust bearing surface or a thrust collar as a rotating member attached to a rotating shaft. 3. In the bearing according to claim 1, the rotating member is a collar having a cylindrical part attached to the rotating shaft and a flange part bulging from the tip of the cylindrical part, and the cylindrical part A bearing for a rotating machine, characterized in that a guide bearing surface is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the flange portion, and a thrust bearing surface is provided on an axial end of the flange portion on the cylindrical portion side. 4. A bearing for a rotating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that one thrust bearing pad is provided for each plurality of guide bearing pads. 5. A bearing for a rotating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that guide bearing pads and thrust bearing pads are alternately arranged. 6. A bearing for a rotating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a recess is provided in the middle of the inner peripheral surface of the thrust bearing pad. 7. A bearing for a rotating machine according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the inner circumferential surface of the thrust bearing pad that faces or slides in contact with the guide bearing surface is lined with a bearing material. 8. A bearing for a rotating machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thrust bearing pad is configured to support a thrust in a direction opposite to the thrust constantly received by the rotating shaft.