JPS6035168B2 - Plastic fluid injection method and device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of injecting plastic fluid and an apparatus thereof, and relates to a cement paste for obtaining various buildings or structures including refractories such as kiln equipment, and members used therefor. Plastic fluids made of hydraulic materials such as mortar, concrete, and gypsum mortar, or fluids in which solid powders, particles, or insoluble powders are mixed with liquids such as plastic concrete, clay, sludge, and other soil plastic fluids (hereinafter referred to as these). Injection, flow, or filling of a passage space (hereinafter collectively referred to as "flow") into a passage space that has at least a resistance effect against the flow of the plastic fluid (hereinafter collectively referred to as "flow"), whether or not there is a resistor for the flow of the plastic fluid.
The relative quantitative flowability at the initial shear stress yield value,
A method and apparatus for injection and filling of plastic fluid, which can be calculated as a relative flow viscosity coefficient and a relative occlusion coefficient, and control the injection operation conditions based on these measured values, and perform the injection and filling of the plastic fluid rationally and accurately. This is what we are trying to provide.

Manufacture various buildings and structures, including fireproof facilities such as kiln equipment, and building materials and other parts used in them, using cement, plaster, clay, and other fire-resistant materials, or construct or construct them. In doing so, the above-mentioned plastic fluid is filled with at least reinforcing steel, or has a bent or narrowed passage structure, and coarse aggregate or other arrangement members are filled or arranged as resistors. Injecting fluid into or filling the underlying fluid passage space has been carried out in various ways in the past, and there is also research on elucidating the fluidity of the plastic fluid during such flow (including injection and filling). Regarding the flow theory, various theories, theories, and researches have been announced and proposed.

However, even with these conventional theories and research publications, the actual flow characteristics of plastic fluids as described above have not yet been accurately elucidated, and therefore there is no rational explanation for the inflow working conditions. Guidelines have not yet been obtained. In other words, according to the conventional theories and research publications mentioned above, a rotational viscometer is almost always used to determine the viscosity coefficient, which is the basis of fluidity, and the theory is based on the viscosity coefficient determined by this rotational viscometer. It is being expanded.

However, as a result of many practical and detailed examinations, researches, and speculations regarding such plastic fluids, the inventors have conducted many practical and detailed examinations, researches, and speculations regarding the viscosity coefficient using such a rotational viscometer, etc., and have found that such a conventional rotational viscometer I have no choice but to have serious doubts about the validity of the measurements of properties of plastic fluids made by the authors. Of all the methods published in various literature to elucidate the fluidity of such fluids, the one that is considered the most rational is the one that is less accurate than Stokes' theory regarding the fluidity of Newtonian fluids flowing between irregular particles. The following formula has been proposed as an industrial formula for calculating the specific surface area (Sm) of regular particles (Maruzen Publishing, Shiro Ito, "Fluid Engineering" 94-96)
page). △P8 and Sm: {3 French NfUfLbpp2 × "Sesame} ・/2 ... (A-1) However, in the above formula, △P (evening/earth): pressure difference number (g・pressure/evening・sec2): unit conversion Coefficient Lb=L: Injection distance Uf (skin'sec): Superficial velocity: Porosity of packed irregular particles: Filling coefficient pp of irregular particles (p/n): Specific gravity of packed particles When the viscosity of Newtonian fluid (F/sec) is determined using the formula A-2, the following equation is obtained.

Buddha Nko voice sound U art $m2 Bad (.・Gogi--(A-2
) By the way, the units in the above equation are as follows, and this unit structure is exactly the same as the unit structure of the following equation (A-3), which is the Newtonian fluid viscosity equation.

However, in the above formula, the actual irregular particle term is expressed as K(
1/ground), the following formula (B-1) is obtained.

KI no = Mori m2gipp2(1ichigo)2...(B-・>
Next, let the viscosity N of Newtonian fluid be the general viscosity, and △P
Assuming that the pressure per port is Pta', the injection distance Lb is 1
The equation (A-2) above can be rewritten as the following equation (B-2).

ri = 3,000 gauntlets, blue-P regular table 3 (ta'hada-Sec>--
<B-2) That is, the nada shear stress term 7yz corresponds to P.do3, and the chick shear velocity term eyz corresponds to UfK.

Figure 1 shows a 1% aqueous solution of methylcellulose, which is a non-Newtonian fluid, and glass bulbs with diameters of 17 and Nos. 4, 5, and 6.
The dotted line shows the curve showing the relationship between velocity and pressure when flowing between each crushed stone, and the solid line shows the flow curve measured by the rotational viscometer. It was confirmed that all of the measurement points obtained using the method substantially matched the flow curve determined by the rotational viscometer, and as described above, eyz=UfK.

Based on these results, the value of K is Sm (specific surface area)
If it is known, it can be calculated, and even if a non-Newtonian fluid such as methylcellulose is used, the specific surface area (Sm) can also be determined. Therefore, we further investigated and prepared the following five types of fluids.

■ Methyl cellulose 1% aqueous solution ■ Fly ash 50% aqueous solution ◎ Cement 37% aqueous solution (cement paste) ◎
Cement 45% aqueous solution (cement paste)■ Cement mortar with 1:1 cement:sand (hereinafter referred to as C/S) and 47% water:cement (hereinafter referred to as W/C), i.e.■,■ is as described above. It is a non-Newtonian fluid, and ◎〜
(2) All belong to Bingham fluids or non-Bingham fluids.

However, crushed stones with 15 to 25 ribs can handle the above five types of fluids with a diameter of 1.
A cylinder with a length of 50 arcs was filled with the same density and injected at varying speeds, the speed and pressure at this time were measured, and the fluidity of each fluid at this time was determined. Measured using a rotational viscometer. A graph of these results is shown in Figure 2, in which the scale velocity e or Um-sec is plotted on the left vertical axis, and a certain stress 7 (dyn/) is plotted on the lower horizontal axis. ) and P number 3 (multi'c), the injection speed Uf (inhibition/sec) was investigated on the right vertical axis, and P (injection/sec) was also investigated on the upper machine axis, but there was no positive proportional relationship in either case. , and all the numerical values correspond, and the above formula (B-1) and (A-3
) expressions correspond. However, in Fig. 2, the solid line indicates the measured value using the rotational viscometer, and the dotted line indicates the flow curve between the irregular particles. It was found that the dotted line flow curves ■' to ■' between irregular particles almost coincided with those obtained by the method, and that the viscosity determined by the rotational viscometer could be quantitatively employed. ◎Fluid and C/S are 45% ◎Fluid and C/S are 1:1 and W/C is 47%
In the case of cement mortar ■ fluid, its solid line flow curve ◎〜◎, ■〜◎ and ■〜■ and dotted line flow curve ◎′〜■′
. be. Note that the ■～■ curve and the ■′～■′ curve are somewhat close to each other, and even though they are numerically far apart, they show an appearance similar to the case of ■fluid, but this is due to the properties of fly ash. This is due to the fact that the particles are nearly spherical;
This is also thought to be due to the large water/fly ash ratio. In any case, based on the results of a series of detailed experiments conducted by the present inventors, water/powder using cement, clay, plaster, etc. used for architecture or construction purposes as described above. In order to elucidate the flow characteristics of a highly concentrated plastic fluid with a small ratio, the viscosity of the fluid is measured using a conventional rotational viscometer as described above, and quantitative practical measurements are performed using equations such as (A-1). It turned out that it was impossible to obtain reliable measurements. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the reason why measurements by conventional theory or measurement means are not practically applicable is that in the case of plastic fluid as mentioned above, the sigma (2) between liquid and solid
effect (a phenomenon in which particle components gather in the center of the passage, or particles with low viscosity are enriched on the peripheral side of the passage) or lamination, or passage narrowing that occurs when plastic fluid flows between irregular particles. It is recognized that this is due to the fact that these phenomena are not properly considered in the conventional theories and methods described above.

Particularly when obtaining concrete products, concrete IJ structures, or fire-resistant horizontal structures as described above, it is necessary to arrange and fill the structure with coarse bone particles such as gravel or phase-grained refractory material particles in advance. Adopting the pre-packed construction method in which plastic fluid is flow-injected between the two under such conditions makes it possible to rationally arrange coarse aggregate, etc., and improves the mechanical strength and heat-resistant strength of the product or structure. Moreover, the reason why such advantageous strength is achieved by using an economical amount of cement, etc. is that in the case of such a pre-pack construction method, the pre-filled coarse aggregate has a complex resistance structure space between the particles. The above-mentioned rotational viscometer is used to inject and fill such a complex resistor structure space with a plastic fluid exhibiting complex flow characteristics such as mortar or paste. Measurements such as these frequently yield completely contradictory results. Therefore, when determining the formwork, its inflow mechanism, and other working conditions, it is necessary to anticipate these unpredictable results when designing, so it is necessary to set a fairly wide tolerance range. Such a situation is extremely disadvantageous in practice. The present invention has been devised after repeated studies in view of the above-mentioned circumstances. That is, in the present invention, the fluidity of such plastic fluid is determined between the two factors, the flow path factor and the fluid factor, as described above. We first established a method that allows us to obtain quantitative data that can be used immediately as a concrete indicator for actual operations, which is different from a mere qualitative tendency of the fluid, by relatively elucidating it.

To explain this method in more detail, this type of plastic fluid such as cement paste, mortar, gypsum mortar, etc. does not immediately cause a flow phenomenon when pressure is applied; It is a so-called Bingham fluid that begins to flow when it reaches a certain value or more, and it is important to elucidate the pressure conditions at the time the flow starts for such a Bingham fluid. The pressure at the start of such flow can be understood as the initial shear stress yield value. Also, the aspects of the flow after the start of the flow are variously different, and this can be understood as the flow viscosity coefficient. Furthermore, as a result of many practical studies conducted by the present inventors when such a plastic fluid is allowed to pass through a flow path as described above, the amount of the plastic fluid passed through the channel becomes blocked over time. It has been confirmed that the distribution property changes, and this is a new confirmation by the present inventors, and it is possible to understand this as a relative occlusion coefficient. Furthermore, in the present invention, the initial shear stress yield value, the relative flow viscosity coefficient, and the relative obstructivity coefficient should not be qualitatively understood as mere trends; It is intended to be understood as a relative quantitative value between the flow path conditions and the relative initial shear stress, relative flow viscosity coefficient, and relative blockage coefficient. The special feature of the present invention lies in elucidating fluidity and controlling injection working conditions. To explain in more detail the three elements mentioned above, among these three elements, regarding the initial acid shear stress yield value and the flow viscosity coefficient, we have conventionally generalized the terms of the resistor and treated them as mere fluid-specific qualitative terms. These properties are treated simply as viscosity, viscosity, or initial shear stress yield value, but as mentioned above, there is a special feature in treating these as relative initial shear stress yield value and relative flow viscosity coefficient. be.

In addition, the relative occlusiveness coefficient was partially proposed by the present applicant (Tokugan 1977-7132: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 51-713).
2-91528), but it is merely a measurement and has not yet been adopted for determining specific injection operations. However, the inventors of the present invention have conducted detailed studies regarding the measurement of these three elements, and have proposed a measuring mechanism as shown in FIG. 3 as a new mechanism that has not existed before.

That is, the configuration shown in FIG. 3 is the most basic configuration for making the above-mentioned measurements, and is composed of three parts: an inlet body 1, a connecting body 2, and a filling body 3. Each of these parts 1, 2, and 3 is a tubular body with a circular or square cross section, and the connecting part 2 is the bottom, and the inlet part 1 and the flowing part are formed in openings formed above both sides of the connecting part 2. Filling member bodies 3 serving as resistance passages are connected and bonded to each other. In the case of the third type, the inlet body 1 also serves as a pressure condition forming mechanism for causing fluid to flow, that is, it has a height that allows for a sufficient head difference. In addition, in this case, the filling part body 3
The inner diameter of the connecting body 2 should be equal to or smaller than the inner diameters of the inlet body and the connecting body 2, and the connecting body 2 should have some recesses as shown on both sides of its bottom. 4,4 is preferably formed. Silk material 5 or the like is stretched on the upper and lower sides of the filling member 3, and a suitable particle member is filled as aggregate 6 between these net materials. However, the structure shown in FIG. 3 may be constructed as a two-part structure by omitting the connecting member 2 depending on the case, or may be formed from a single member as long as the same relationship as shown in this figure can be obtained.

In addition, the part to be filled with the aggregate 6 may be installed on the horizontal bottom part depending on the case, and according to such a method, the measurement operation described in detail later can be carried out smoothly. An example of a measuring device designed in this manner is separately
6 or 7. In the case shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, nets 5, 5 are stretched on both sides of the inlet part body 1 having a scale 11 without a lid, and the filling part body is filled with aggregate. 13 incorporated in the intermediate part is connected to the connecting body 2, and an overflow body 7 is connected to the other side of the connecting body 2, and the entire mechanism is mounted on the machine base 8. An outlet 12 is attached to the overflow body 7 and has a separate cock 15 on the attached side of the overflow part body 7.
is formed so that the plastic fluid remaining inside can be taken out after the test measurement. Also, overflow part body 7
A lid body 9, which is operated similarly to a handle 14, is provided on the top of the handle 14 so that the overflow port can be closed as appropriate. A receiving part body 18 having a drainage gutter 17 is arranged around the ring to receive overflowing plastic fluid and lead it out to the side, and the inlet part body 1 and the overflow part body 7 can be operated with one-touch operation. They are connected by a tightening means 19 that can be released or tightened. As shown in FIG. 5, a sliding portion 16 is provided oppositely to the machine base 8, and by sliding one of the above-mentioned connecting portion bodies 2, 2 along this sliding portion 16, the filling portion described above can be formed. The body 13 can be replaced or cleaned as appropriate, and in some cases, the overflow body 7 can be removed to allow it to overflow from the upper opening □ of one of the connecting bodies 2, and in this case, the machine base 8 The upper guide panels 20, 20 are also lifted and the lid body 9, which is opened and closed by the handle 14 as described above, is lowered. When replacing the filling member 13, in addition to renewing or changing the filling aggregate 6 of the same length, in some cases, the cylindrical filling member 1 of a different length may be replaced.
3 can be installed by sliding one or both of the connecting parts 2, 2 along the sliding part 16. FIG. 6 shows a partially modified version of the one shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 as described above. In other words, in FIG. Furthermore, a pressurizing mechanism 21 is attached as a pressure generating means for the flow, and a pressurizing cylinder 23 to which a pipe 22 from an air pressure tank 21 is led is attached to the top of the input port body 1. be done.

In order to sufficiently take advantage of the head difference described later in the case of the structure shown in Figs. Handling is not necessarily favorable. As shown in Fig. 6, by using air pressure as a pressurizing mechanism, the pressure due to the head difference can be substituted for the air pressure as appropriate, and the compact mechanism and operation allow
Measurements similar to those shown in FIG. 5 can be smoothly achieved, especially under conditions where the head difference is large. In contrast to the methods shown in Figures 3 to 6 described above, which require that the adjusted plastic fluid be separated and introduced, Figure 7 shows a measurement method that does not require this. A configuration is shown that allows this to be accomplished.

That is, in the case of FIG. 7, the measuring device according to the present invention is connected to a mixer for adjusting the plastic fluid as described above, and the mixer 3 is connected to the mixer as described above via the valve 24. A cylindrical body 31 corresponding to the charging port body 1 and a filling body 33 are attached to the cylindrical body 31, and a pressure mechanism 21 is attached to the cylindrical body 31 as shown in FIG. A lid 9 operated by an operation cylinder 25 is provided on the filling part body 33.
The gutter 17 that guides the overflowing plastic fluid is attached as in the case of FIGS. 4 and 5, but a differential pressure transmitter 26 is provided at the bottom of the cylinder 31 to monitor the pressure conditions at that part. Such a transmitter 26 is connected to automatic injection control operation as will be described later. In order to prevent mortar and other plastic fluids from adhering to the inside of the apparatus and solidifying after the measurement, a water pipe 27 is guided to the bottom via a valve 28 so that the inside of the apparatus can be cleaned after the measurement. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 7 above, a pressure condition forming mechanism using a pressure difference and air pressure is provided below the flow resistance passage filled with bone filler, and this pressure condition forming mechanism is In addition, when forming the charging port, a bent L-shape or U-shape is adopted, but in some cases, such a structural relationship may be made straight, and each mechanism may be installed by itself.
Making the whole into one rod shape simplifies the construction of the measuring device according to the present invention and provides a mechanism particularly suitable for use with high viscosity plastic fluids.

In the case of a single rod-like structure, the charging port and the pressure condition forming mechanism may not only be arranged below the flow resistance passage, but also may be arranged above it as the case may be. To explain the measuring operation using the measuring mechanism as described above, coarse aggregate or model aggregate for actually obtaining a product is placed in the filling part body 3 or 13, 33.
The filling length is typically L shown in FIG. A plastic fluid such as cement paste or mortar is poured into the thus prepared material from the inlet body or the cylindrical body 31, and the plastic fluid thus introduced flows as shown by the arrow. Since the fluid flows and overflows through the aggregate 6, the injection is stopped at this point, and the plastic fluid level in the inlet body 1 gradually decreases, with a certain head difference between the plastic fluid and the overflow port 7. Stand still. In other words, this head difference is due to the relative initial acid shear stress that is relatively determined under the bone density of the filling body or its flow path conditions as described above.
This can be measured using the head difference (cm) or the pitch value. Following such measurements, the overflow port 7 as described above is closed with a lid or stopper, and a predetermined amount of the same plastic fluid is poured into the inlet body 1 so that the height shown in FIG. 3 is achieved. After this injection, the lid (or stopper) is removed to allow overflow. At the time of such an overflow, the predetermined values shown in Fig. 3 are as shown in Fig. 3.
), the time t for the plastic fluid surface to pass through and drop,
, t2, t3...tn (each sec), and each distance obtained in this way from t3 to t3 to son
Find the time of n. Even if the distances on this evening, evening 2, and evening 3 are the same, the times t, , t2, and t3 measured as above will gradually increase, and eventually the plastic fluid surface will become larger due to the larger head difference than on the previous day. One day, it stops at position 2, and the head difference on this day 2 is also measured in the same way as on the above day. So, from the relationship between ~〆n and L~tn, the relative flow viscosity coefficient (evening, sec'c mustache, c) can be found, and from the relationship between the day mentioned above and this day 2. The relative occlusion coefficient (for Yu/Su・c) can be obtained by
That is, in the case described above, Fo, (evening/earth): relative shear stress yield value when head difference day.

Fo2 (Ta'): Relative periodic stress yield value when the head difference is 2.

Enter, (evening・sec′ga・skin): Relative flow viscosity coefficient △Fo
(Ta'no・inhibition): Relative occlusive coefficient Uf (skin'sec):
As mentioned above, superficial velocity Ua (skin'sec): Apparent velocity (injection speed) s As mentioned above, Honemura porosity p (ta'): Unit volume weight Pu of plastic fluid as mentioned above (evening/earth): Velocity pressure L (of C): Aggregate layer length Q (evening/lump): Passage amount A (c group): If it is the cross-sectional area of the aggregate layer, Fo,, Fo2 ,△Fo,in,Pu,U
f and Ua can be determined by the following equations.

F0, = academic F.

2 = palm △F.

=Kuyuriki-F. "F.・Sunset 2 Pu entering = city Pu=(raw+2p-F.

2-△F.

M Toba 20... son) However, the present inventors et al. have variously changed the flow path factors as described above, and have made detailed studies and speculations about the various combinatorial relationships that have variously changed the fluid factors, and as a result, have discovered many new facts.

That is, when using mortar as a plastic fluid, first prepare various plastic fluids as shown in Table 1 below with various coarse grain ratios (F・M) of the sand mixed therein, and The results of each evaluation are shown in Table 2. Table 1 Table 2 In other words, the aspect of the change is complicated, and even though sample "1-3" with F・M of 1.54 shows low values for Fo, Input, and △Fo. , F・M close to it is 1
．． The values of the 45 samples "1-2" are significantly different, and the other values also vary in a complicated manner.

In addition, the state of such change is determined by the Port (Architectural Institute of Japan J.
Even when compared with the measured value (flow value: the time required for a certain amount of plastic fluid to flow down from the hole provided at the bottom of the cone-shaped measuring device, in seconds) by ASS, ST-701), the aspect is completely different. It is clear that there are. However, such a change causes a change in the mixing relationship between water and cement, which are the mixing materials used to form such mortar, and also shows various variations when changing the mixing relationship between sand and cement.

Table 3 below shows the water to cement ratio (W/C).
) and sand-cement ratio (C/S) are shown in Table 4. However, the value of Fo, input (and flow value) decreases as the water-cement ratio increases, but △F
It is clear that the C/S ratio differs in its change state, and although it is recognized that there is a significant relationship with respect to the flow value, the change mode is considerably different in other respects. Table 3 Table 5 shows formulation examples in which tests were conducted by changing the amount of dispersant added and the water-cement ratio, and the plastic fluid obtained in this way. The test measurement results for are shown in Table 6 below,
Even in this case, the state of change of ΔFo is complicated.

As shown in Table 5 and Table 6, the fluidity of such a plastic fluid depends not only on the above-mentioned composition relationship but also on the same composition, the moisture content of the sand used, the order of crossing, and the time of crossing. It was found that there were large fluctuations.

That is, first of all, the present inventors investigated sand used for preparing mortar as described above, which has various water content changes ranging from bone-dry sand with a water absorption rate of 4.38% to sand with a water content of 40%. and using these sands, C
The results of the fluidity test of prepared mortars with substantially the same /S are shown in Table 7 below.
” indicates the case where the mortar flows from the bottom to the top of the aggregate-filled bed as described above, and “b↓” indicates the case where it flows from the top to the bottom on the contrary. However, in any case, the changes are complex, and although sand with a moisture content of 6 to 26% generally shows a high Fo value, sand with a moisture content of 40% to 28 to 35% % again shows a high Fo value, and the flow value through the P funnel shows a significantly different behavior. Furthermore, although the results of examining the strength of products molded using mortar shown in Table 7 all showed a compressive strength of 400 kg/or more,
For sand with a moisture content of 6% or less, the weight was 420k9' or less, while for sand with a moisture content of 9% to 25% it was 460k9' to 484 kg/, and when it was 26%, it was 423
It shows a sharply lower value than k9', and at 28% it is 452k9
/ land, 30% has a sharply high 532kg', 32% has a 462k9'c beard, and 35% has a 530k
9' section, 40% becomes 550k9/section.

The bending strength is generally 70 to 80 k9/m, but for those with a moisture content of 35% to 40%, it is about 90 kg'.
Table 7 If the order of crosstalk is further changed, the mixture is as shown in the following Tables 8 and 9, and Table 8 is W/
C is 45% and dispersant I% is added, and Table 9 shows the case of plain mortar without dispersant. In these tables, the symbol ■ indicates that the water content of the sand used is 20%.
．． This is a relatively high case of 48% or 16.01%, and S
indicates a relatively low case of 3.41% or 3.31%,
The training time is to knead the two materials shown on the left side of the symbol column for 3 minutes, then add the material on the right next to the 10th sign, and then knead for 4 more minutes.
The mixture was kneaded for minutes.

According to Tables 8 and 9, it is clear that even if the mixture is the same, the fluidity of the resulting mortar will vary greatly depending on the order of the mixture. It is the same as in Table 7 that even the numbers are different.

In the past, little attention has been paid to the fact that the properties of mortar obtained differ depending on the water content of the sand used or the order of mixing the sand, and the inventor of the present invention This is a novel finding by et al., and it has great significance in the field, especially since it can be obtained as a relative quantitative value. However, this 8th and 9th
As a result of actually forming mortar products using the mortar shown in the table and examining the compressive strength and bending strength after 7 days, the impression strength was generally 230 to 4.
Even if it is within the range of 00k9', some are relatively high at 360 to 392k9/, and the variation range is small, while others are 225 to 3
It shows a relatively low and wide variation of 50k9/c, and the same is true for bending strength, with some having a high and narrow variation range of 66-74k9/c, while others The variation range was as low as 50 to 65k9/, and it was found that the above-mentioned factors play an important role in determining product quality. In addition, the fluidity of the resulting mortar varies greatly depending on the kneading time.

In other words, cement 50k9 and sand 5 with a moisture content of 11.11%.
In a mortar according to the formulation of 6.2 k9, water 15.5 m, and dispersant 500 cc, cement and sand are mixed for 3 minutes, then water and dispersant are added within 1 gluing time, and after this addition, 1
When kneading is started after cement etc. adhering to the surrounding surface are dropped within 9 seconds, changes in mortar fluidity due to changes in bran mixing time are as shown in Table 10 below. Table 10 shows that the fluidity improves until the straining time reaches a certain limit, but after that, the fluidity deteriorates.

Separately, cement 5 using sand with a moisture content of 3.95%
The following Table 11 also shows the case of a mortar prepared in exactly the same manner as the one in the first round using a mixture of 0k9, 52.6k9 of this sand, 19.1ml of water, and 500cc of dispersant. Therefore, the fluidity improves up to a certain limit, but after that it reverses and the fluidity deteriorates.

Table 11 Although the above description is about cement kneaded products, the same thing has been confirmed in various kneaded products of durable materials using alumina cement and clay.

That is, some measurement results regarding the fluidity of such refractories are as follows. Table 12 However, in the above table, Amu0 is alumina cement, S is SK
38 is sand, 0 is the viscosity, and the resistor of the measuring device is filled with 10 to 15 particles of Nyamot with a length of 20 mm. According to the above-mentioned fluid factors, it is well understood that not only the composition but also the blending order, water content, and crosstalk conditions cause subtle changes, and the flow path factors The same is true for Through qualitative and conceptual understanding, we will fully understand that the actual situation cannot be determined immediately.

However, in order to elucidate the fluidity of this type of plastic fluid that exhibits such complex and diverse fluctuation relationships, the present inventors further filled various coarse aggregates into concrete injection molds with an injection length of ah ~ 4 m. Regarding the injection of mortar or paste under such conditions, as a result of repeated experiments and studies regarding test measurements using a number of testing devices such as those shown in Figures 3 to 7 mentioned above, and actual injection work, we have found that it is possible to The pressure loss P necessary for injecting into injection molding castles such as molds, etc. is as follows, as an example:
It is determined by the formula.

I
h. ．． ．． (1) However, in the above formula, h is the height of the injection part, and X, Fo, and In are the following 0~
It is determined by the W formula.

C2 1. ．． ．． ．． ．． ．． (□) X theory,
Motoame Fo=C.

・C.・Fo, .・・・(m)＾=C.
・C.・＾． (W) However, in these formulas, Co is the characteristic value of the test equipment itself as shown in Figures 3 to 5 above.

C, is the correction value between the test equipment used and the filling aggregate in the injection castle actually poured.

C2 is a coefficient depending on the shape and size of the mold to be poured.

It goes without saying that these relationships may be employed as they are or with appropriate modifications even when other physical elements are taken into account.

However, in the case of constant rate injection, the above-mentioned equation 1 can be expressed as the following equation V or equation.

P = da ≦ (F Kano enter Uf) half + ph (V) However, T is the maximum possible injection time, T=gold.

P = no three votes Tatsuzo (F.

10 injections Uf) L0ph ...... (W) However, Lmax is the maximum distance that can be injected, Lmax = - U...T - pod, L; 94 o. The speed Uf for injecting P (skin/earth) is given by the following skin formula.

Uf Ni△Pノ4XLFo entered +△戊Go 24X2 entered 2-
(2XLFo entering 10△flat) ,. ,,． ．． (Blood) 2X
L input 2 However, △P=P-ph Furthermore, with constant rate injection, the maximum speed Ufm that can inject L (skin)
ax can be found using the following dish formula.

UfmaX=L☆ ,. ．． 、． ．． The final pressure when L (arc) is injected at a constant speed Uf (arc/sec), that is, the pressure P at the injection port when overflow occurs.
n is determined by the following K formula.

*The inventors used the above-mentioned formulas to actually find the above-mentioned Fo, Fo2, input, and △Fo, determined the coefficients, etc., calculated the pressure P, and actually calculated this. The experimental values obtained when the phase aggregate is injected into the formwork and formed are shown in Table 13 below, and Figure 8 shows some of the process as a diagram. a to f,
In these figures, the relative occlusion coefficient (△Fo) according to the new proposal by the present inventors is not used, that is, as mentioned above, it has been conventionally conceptualized as qualitative viscosity, viscosity, and initial shear stress yield value. The pressure P calculated using only Fo and input is also shown with a dashed dotted line. In Table 13, that is, FIG. 8, the solid line shows the experimental value and the dotted line shows the calculated value. Test No. 1 is as shown in Figure 8a, and it can be seen that the filling of coarse aggregate in the actual injection molding castle was denser than expected by the test device. 2 is shown in Figure 8b, and it can be seen that the coarse aggregate of the actual injection molding castle is dense in this case as well, but in this case, both the test device and the actual injection device are blocked. It can be understood from the fact that each curve curves upward that there was a tendency.

Test No. In the case of 3, the above test No. It is clear that the same applies to case 1, and test no. If 4, test N
o. It can be understood from the numerical value that it is intermediate between 1 and 2. Test No. 5 and no.
7.No. In the case of No. 8, as is clear from d, e, and f in Fig. 8, it is shown that the prediction by the test device and the coarse bone filling condition in the actual device are in almost complete agreement. The result is test no. The same applies to case 10. Test No. 6 and no. Case 9 is a case where the density predicted by the test device is higher than the actual coarse aggregate filling state, and as such, the method according to the present invention may not necessarily be able to accurately predict the actual coarse aggregate filling state. Even if there is, this is unavoidable since it cannot be tested in an actual injection molding castle itself.
Approximately 1/3 of them can be correct, and the rest are divided into cases where the predicted value (calculated value) according to the present invention is higher than the actual value, and cases where it is lower than the actual value, and it is clear that they are distributed in an approximate relationship. These 8
This is essentially different from the one-point iron wire with only Fo and input shown in the figure. As will be described later, the present invention takes measures to deal with test results that deviate slightly from expected values. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that vibration has a certain influence when concretely injecting and filling the aggregate filling castle with plastic fluid according to the present invention, that is, 500
0-40000 cycles, especially 10000-20000
Vibrations on the order of cycles tend to reduce the flow pressure P, while very large cycles tend to increase the flow pressure.

Furthermore, forming a reduced pressure state in the injection molding chamber and injecting the material will significantly reduce the injection pressure. As described above, according to the present invention, a new △Fo can be obtained along with Fo and ^, and by using these relative quantitative measurement values, it is possible to plan without causing blockage accidents etc. in the target injection molding area. It becomes possible to inject and fill plastic fluid accurately and accurately, but the test equipment used for quantitative measurement of the relative relationship between such flow path factors and fluid factors and the actual injection molding castle. It is rare for the resistance compositions to be exactly the same, and even if bone particles with the same particle size distribution and composition are used for both, their specific filling structure will vary, and in either fluid passage. There is a high possibility that unpredictable narrow areas and cavities will occur, especially when coarse aggregates such as crushed stone are used.

Of course, the values measured by the test equipment are predicted using appropriate correction values, but as mentioned above, such predicted values are not always accurate, and the fluctuation factors are simply due to They exist in a variety of ways not only on the flow path side but also on the fluid side, and they also change due to simple changes over time.
Therefore, the key to safe and accurate injection and filling is to deal with such fluctuating conditions to some extent. Therefore, in the present invention, the pressure is controlled by the injection rate in order to promptly respond to such changes. That is, the speed (U
The relationship between fc/sec) and pressure (P/sec) is as shown in Figure 9, and the pressure remains even when the speed becomes 0, and its value is determined by the filling length L (c) and Fo It is the product of (tanochi).

Furthermore, there is a limit to the injection speed Uf, and above this limit the pressure becomes infinite, that is, occlusion occurs. Furthermore, reducing the velocity significantly affects the pressure, as mentioned above.
It can be easily understood from equations such as ~K. Therefore, in the present invention, this relationship is used to control the pressure by injection speed. Even if fixed-rate injection (constant-rate injection) is performed, the injection distance changes and the pressure rise will not be a straight line but a quadratic curve. Since the pressure increases at each point, the appropriate pressure is indicated at each point in time, and the indication on the injection pressure gauge in the injection molding castle indicates what kind of relationship should be adopted in relation to such appropriate pressure. . A pressure control mechanism as shown in FIG. 10 was designed with such consideration in mind, in which an injection tank 42 is connected to an injection molding area 41 such as a concrete mold via a pump 43. The injection pressure by this pump 43 is displayed by a pressure gauge 45. In addition, as the injection molding castle 41, underwater prepacking or other general prepack construction methods are adopted as appropriate, and if necessary, an overflow tank 44 is connected opposite to the injection system of the molding area 41 to control the injection state, especially at the time of completion of injection. However, this does not relate to the essence of the present invention. A detection mechanism 46 is attached to the pressure gauge 45 described above, and the pressure value in the pressure gauge 45 is sent to a pressure transducer 47.
The resulting output 48 is sent to a pressure comparator 49. On the other hand, on the setting board 50', the first to third setting mechanisms 52,
53, 54, display section 51, start button 61, stop button 62
The rotation conditions for the pump 43 as described above are set in the first setting device 52, and this rotation condition is such that the rotation speed of the pump 443 is determined by the injection distance in the injection molding castle 4. Since it is determined as The pressure conditions are set based on , and the coefficient conditions in this case are set in the third setter 54 . Indicating mechanisms 52' to 54' are attached to these first to third setters 52 to 54, and the first indicating mechanism 52' is connected to a rotation speed comparator 56. A signal obtained by a rotation speed detector 59 provided in the pump 43 is transmitted to a converter 58 and an indicator 5.
The rotational speed at each injection point (injection distance at each time point) is compared with the final rotational speed (final injection distance) sent via The injection pressure at each point in time is indicated via the indicating means 60 provided at the lower stage using the pointer 51a at the lower stage of the display. In the above-mentioned computer side 55, calculations are performed using the following formulas (1) to (2). CB= J△r
.

Uf and LP are calculated in advance using the above formula.

■ P=A false B This equation is expressed by an approximate value of a quadratic curve.

■ P=A is ten B This equation is expressed as a straight line approximation.

It should be noted that any of the above-mentioned formulas (1) to (2) may be used, but if accuracy and safety are important, formula (2) is preferable, and if some error and safety factor are taken into consideration, formulas (2) and (2) are used.

The second and third indicating mechanisms 53' and 54' described above are both connected to the computer groove 55 described above.
, the appropriate pressure at each point in time is determined in exchange with the signal from the rotational speed comparator 56 as described above, and the appropriate pressure value thus determined is sent to the pressure comparator 49 described above. It is compared with the injection side pressure value measured by the pressure gauge 45 described above, and the upper pointer 51b in the display section 51 is driven based on the deviation.

That is, the deviation between the proper pressure at each time point and the actual injection molding area entrance pressure is always indicated by the pointer 51b, and the injection state at each time point is also indicated by the pointer 51a. It is clear that accurate injection can be performed by constantly monitoring the condition and operating under conditions that do not significantly deviate from the appropriate pressure value. The rotational speed of the pump 43 is adjusted to control the pressure and maintain the appropriate pressure. In the present invention, the appropriate pressure is determined in advance as described above, and the pressure is controlled based on the speed within a given safety factor range. You can create a pressure diagram and operate according to this pressure diagram.

In other words, the appearance of such a pressure diagram is as shown in Fig. 11. For example, by taking the pressure P on the vertical axis and finding the injection distance L or cumulative injection volume (2Q) on the horizontal axis, it is possible to calculate the pressure from the start. The curve leading to the planned injection pressure Po can be easily determined, and the maximum pressure Pmax can also be appropriately set. The pressure P can be understood as the pump rotational speed at each Uf, and if the pressure curve thus obtained is followed and carried out without significantly deviating from it, smooth and accident-free injection can always be achieved. It's obvious. Another example of a device suitably implementing such a relationship is also shown in FIG.

That is, as shown in FIG.
A pressure transmitter 36 is connected through a connecting pipe 38 having a separate liquid inlet 37, and the pressure transmitter 36 is connected to a distributor 34 to convert an electrical signal into a mechanical motion to perform pen writing. , such data distributor 3
The recording means No. 4 is placed facing the rotary disk 35, and the above-mentioned rotation condition of the pump 43 is such that the rotary disk 36 is rotated via a reducer 32, etc. A recording paper 65, as shown enlarged in the figure, is mounted and rotates together with the rotary disk 35, and the recording paper 65 has a predetermined injection pressure 66 or a safety zone based on the conditions already explained. Following these instructions, the operator works while controlling the injection conditions and records the results. In other words, it is clear that if the system shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 is used, it will be possible to record and store the injection conditions on a small recording paper using a more compact mechanism than the one shown in FIG. 10. It is. Specific measurement results by the measuring device shown in FIG. 7 can be recorded using a mechanism and recording means configured as shown in FIG. 14.

That is, the signal from the differential pressure oscillator 26 in FIG. 7 operates the pointer actuating mechanism 68 via the pressure converting mechanism 67, and the signal from the differential pressure oscillator 26 in FIG. The fixed point of the plastic fluid (this fixed point can be detected with each device as appropriate, and the height from the top surface of the resistor packed layer that the inventor actually detected with this device was 60 mm)
cm) passage is detected by a level sensor 69, and a signal from the level sensor 69 operates a fixed point marking mechanism 70 with its switch 75 turned on, and the graph feeding mechanism 71 Activated by the on/off mechanism 74, the pressure gauge activation switch 73 starts the differential pressure oscillator 26 as described above. The graph cutting mechanism 72 is activated to cut the recording paper at the end of the measurement. As has already been made clear, it goes without saying that according to the present invention, in which injection flow conditions are constantly determined and operations are carried out under appropriate pressure conditions, actual work plans can be drawn up clearly and efficiently and operations can be carried out.

That is, in this type of operation, product strength, shape (formwork), and process (time) are generally given. However, within these conditions, the strength of the product is determined by the water-cement ratio, and this can be guaranteed by Fo, ^, △Fo, as described above, by proper mixing. These Fo, In, and △Fo also take the process time into consideration and determine the injection speed in anticipation of the safety factor, and determine the injection pressure value. If the injection pressure value is determined in this way, the rigidity of the formwork used for such injection molding can be determined by taking into account the curing pressure, etc., and all of these things can be done by hand in the past. Compared to the case where it was carried out haphazardly without clearly defined standards or indicators, everything is made more advantageous and appropriate, and moreover, no errors occur. As mentioned above, when adjusting plastic fluids such as mortar, the moisture content of sand, which has been elucidated by the present inventors,
By considering the relationship between the order of adding and mixing rice bran and the time for digging, F
o, input, and △Fo can be adjusted appropriately, and if the test measurement results are different from expected, W/C
Correct C/S without changing it, or correct by adding a dispersant, or correct by injection rate, or both.
It is possible to respond immediately by adopting more than one as appropriate,
As mentioned above, it is possible to quickly respond to a large deviation from the proper pressure by changing the injection rate.

Specific embodiments according to the present invention will be described below.

Example 1 A box culvert as shown in FIG. 16 was injection molded.

In other words, this box culvert is 15 in length, width, and length.
00 side, the wall thickness is 15 mm, and the strength required for this box culvert is a compressive strength of 400k9' as concrete, which is the preferred process for industrially producing it. Time is 18 per piece
It's a minute. In addition, the sand prepared to obtain such a box culvert has a specific gravity of 2.59, a coarse grain ratio of 1.90, and a water absorption rate of 2.6%, and the injection hole 75 is located 20% from the bottom of the formwork. As shown in FIG. 15, the overflow hole 76 is provided at a diagonal position with respect to the position of the injection hole 75 on the top side of the formwork. The porosity was 0.45, and during injection, an existing 6000-cycle pipelator was used for 3 intervals just before reaching the overflow hole 76.
In addition, the formwork was capable of reducing the pressure inside the formwork to about -52 Hg. When the injection conditions are determined using the calculation formula as mentioned above based on the above specifications, the injection distance L
is 1850 legs (C is 9.6), height h' is 150
佽, p is 2-165, F〇 is 0.57, △F〇 is ○-0
044 Kuno△F. =0.066), input is 3.21, Uf
is 0.5 (0.45), and the maximum injection distance Lm
ax was determined to be 646.46 arc, and the total injection pressure under this condition, P, was calculated to be 1217 m/c flow. In addition, when we determined the composition of the mortar to be used based on the conditions described above, W
/C is 38%, C/S is 1:1 and cement is 180
k9, sand 180k9 to water 68.4k9, dispersant 1
．． Calculated as 0%, this one has a capacity of 2.165k
The fluidity of the thus adjusted and kneaded mortar that matches the above value of p at 9/night is Fo, 0.65, and △Fo is 0.0047 night/c tiger/c. , and the input was 3.75, which approximately met the above-mentioned requirements.

Therefore, this mortar was poured into the upper formwork at a rate Uf.
= 0.5 c/sec, and the injection was adjusted so that the actual injection pressure did not rise above the estimated calculated injection pressure calculated for the injection time T.

The time required for this injection was 13 minutes, and the pump rotation speed at the time of injection was 160 rpm on average, and injection was performed at a rate of 80 rpm, making it possible to perform dense injection throughout the mold. In contrast to the present invention, if the relative occlusion coefficient (△Fo), which is clearly a new requirement in the present invention, is not used for comparison, then F
Even if o and in are obtained in the same way as above, the total injection pressure △P will be found as △P = (Uf in Fo) L + ph, but the values are significantly different as shown in Figure 8. It is 727.2k9',
With such a total injection pressure, it is impossible to inject each piece for even 20 minutes, which does not satisfy the preferable industrial production conditions of producing within 15 minutes, and it is impossible to inject for more than 30 minutes. Despite the operation, nearly half of the area within the formwork could not be injected.

Example 2 Some examples of the results of testing and measuring the fluidity of various mortars specifically adjusted by the mechanism shown in FIG. 14 are shown in FIG. 16.

That is, in what is shown in FIG. 16, the solid line indicates No. (1-A) has a C:S ratio of 1:1 and a coarse grain ratio of 1.
89 sand and cement are mixed, W/C is 38%, and curve No. 89 is mixed with dotted line. (6-A), is C
:S is 1:1, sand and cement with a coarse grain ratio of 1.66 are mixed, and the W/C is 37%.

Furthermore, curve No. 1 is indicated by a broken line. (161A) is C:S
is 1:1 and mixes sand and cement with a coarse grain ratio of 1.54,
The W/C was set to 36%. The results of testing and measuring the fluidity of these three types of mortar are shown in Table 14 below. 14. Obviously, these three types of mortar have a capacity p calculated from the differential pressure when passing through a fixed point (1
-A) is 2.1, (6-A) is 2.1, and (16-
A) was found to be 1.97.

Therefore, these mortar were made into 1m wide, 2m long, and 15mm thick.
Coarse aggregate has a porosity of Co.
It shall be used for a work plan in which the mold is injected into closed molds filled in the state of 45 for 6 minutes each, and the closed molds are capable of withstanding a pressure of 1.7 kg/carp, including depressurization and pressurization. Yes, and when we calculated the final injection pressure △P in this case, (1-A) is 0.58k9/c, and (6-A) is 0.
．． 68k9/yen, (161A) had a flow of 1.2kg/c. That is, the above final injection pressure, P, is all within the mold strength range and can be poured, so when we actually poured each of the above three types of mortar, nothing was found within the above final injection pressure and time conditions. I was able to inject it accurately.

The 4-week strength of the concrete slabs obtained in this way was 430k9/c Hiiragi for (11A) and 4 weeks for concrete slab (61A).
50k9/c Hiiragi, (16-A) is 460k9/c
We were able to obtain desirable products in all cases. On the other hand, under the conditions in which the relative occlusion coefficient △Fo according to the present invention is not determined, even if the degree Fo and the inflow are determined, if the injection operation is performed using those values, the injection becomes impossible, and the injection pressure As in Example 1, if the injection temperature is increased, blockage and damage to the formwork will occur, making it impossible to determine effective injection working conditions.

According to the present invention as explained above, by using the initial breaking stress yield value, the relative flow viscosity coefficient, and the relative occlusion coefficient, it is possible to solve the problem of plasticity containing solids such as cement mortar, base, or refractory mixed materials. Under the conditions of fluid aggregate filling and other conditions in which the fluid is injected into resistant channels, its practical characteristic values are fully elucidated and these can be appropriately measured, thereby ensuring that accurate prepacked concrete and It can be used to construct refractories, etc., and in particular can measure the above-mentioned characteristic values simultaneously or continuously under such conditions of aggregate filling and other resistance conditions, and is suitable for industrial production work. It can be said that this invention is industrially very effective because it can carry out measurement and control according to the machine and can always produce stable and accurate products or structures made of cement or refractory materials.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show embodiments of the present invention; Fig. 1 is a chart showing the results of fluidity measurements of non-Newtonian fluids under conditions of aggregate filling, and Fig. 2 shows measurements of various fluids using a rotational viscometer. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing one example of the measuring device according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is another embodiment of the measuring device according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a side view of the example, FIG. 6 is a partial front view showing a modified example of the bag entrance body part that also utilizes air pressure, and FIG. FIG. 8 is a front view of yet another measuring device according to the present invention attached to a mixer; FIG. 8 is a chart showing the relationship between calculated values and experimental values for some examples carried out according to the present invention; FIG. 9 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the pressure control mechanism, FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an aspect of a standard pressure diagram, and FIG. The figure is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the pressure control mechanism according to the present invention, FIG. 13 is a plan view showing an aspect of the recording paper, and FIG. 14 is an automatic instruction in conjunction with the device shown in FIG. 7. Fig. 15 is an explanatory diagram of the mechanism for recording, Fig. 15 is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement of the injection port and overflow hole when a box culvert is formed by the method of the present invention, and Fig. 16 is an explanatory diagram of the mechanism shown in Fig. 14. It is a chart showing some examples of measurement record results. However, in these drawings, 1 is the charging port body, 2...
・Connection part body, 3, 13, 33 are filling part bodies as flow resistance passages, 5 is silk material, 6 is aggregate, 7 is overflow part body,
9 is a lid body, 16 is a slide part, 21 is an air pressure tank, 23 is a pressurizing cylinder, 26 is a differential pressure oscillator, 27 is a water pipe for cleaning, 3 rivers mixer, 35 is a rotary plate, 36 is a pressure Oscillator, 39 is a diaphragm, 41 is an injection molding castle, 42 is an injection tank, 43 is a pump, 45 is a pressure gauge, 5 river setting boards, 51 is a display, 51a, 51b are the pointers, 52 is the first setting 53 is a second setting mechanism; 54 is a third setting mechanism; 52' to 54' are indicating mechanisms for the first to third setting mechanisms; 59 is a rotational speed detector; , 65 is a recording paper, 66 is a scheduled injection pressure, 69 is a bell sensor, 70 is a lacquer printing mechanism, and 71 is a graph feeding mechanism. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 9 Figure 11 Figure 8 Figure 16 Figure 10 Figure 12 Figure 15 Figure 13 Figure 14

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An initial shear stress yield value at which the plastic fluid to be tested and measured is caused to flow through a fluid passage space that exhibits resistance to the flow, and the flow is started by the head difference or air pressure at that time. At the same time, the quantitative relative flow viscosity coefficient between the plastic fluid and the fluid passage space is measured as the time for the plastic fluid to flow for a certain distance under a predetermined pressure condition, and after the initial shear stress yield value is measured. The same plastic fluid is made to flow into the above-mentioned fluid passage space again, the flow start pressure is determined in the same way, the quantitative relative occlusion coefficient is measured from the difference between these flow start pressures, and these initial shear stress yield values, relative A plastic fluid injection method characterized by controlling injection working conditions for a target injection molding region using a flow coefficient and a relative occlusion coefficient. 2. It has a charging port for charging the plastic fluid to be tested and measured, and a flow resistance passage that is connected to the charging port and exhibits a resistance effect against the flow of the plastic fluid, and furthermore, the A measuring device with a mechanism for flowing plastic fluid under appropriate pressure conditions, a mechanism for setting the planned pressure conditions determined from the measured values obtained with the measuring device, and injection into the intended injection molding area. It has a pressure detection mechanism, and is further provided with a mechanism for comparing the pressure conditions at each point in time with the measured pressure conditions obtained by the injection pressure detection mechanism in the above-mentioned planned pressure condition setting mechanism and displaying the deviation thereof. A plastic fluid injection device consisting of: 3. Injection of plastic fluid according to claim 2, which is provided with a moving mechanism for moving a diagram displaying the planned pressure conditions and a display means that is moved by the detection output of the injection pressure detection mechanism for the injection molding area. Device. 4. The plastic fluid injection device according to claim 3, wherein the display means is a recording means.