JPS6034115A - Artificial soil for hydroponics - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of plants. More specifically, for hydroponic cultivation, the transparent or translucent water-swellable gel-like polymer is formed from (meth)acrylamide buccal component units, acrylic acid derivative component units, and crosslinkable monomer component units. The present invention provides artificial soil suitable for use in ornamental hydroponic cultivation, especially for ornamental hydroponic cultivation.

Conventionally, when cultivating plants hydroponically, plants are grown directly in water containing fertilizer components, or cultivated in artificial soil filled with pebbles, gravel, glass pieces, plastic, etc. in water containing dissolved fertilizer components. There are methods to do this.

The former method does not adequately retain the roots during hydroponic cultivation, so there are drawbacks such as floating roots, overturning of plants, settling, and poor ventilation. Even if it is possible to retain water, the water retention is not sufficient, and it is not excellent from an aesthetic point of view, so it can hardly be said that it is suitable for ornamental hydroponic cultivation.

The present inventors have discovered that when a water-swellable gel-like polymer composed of (meth)acrylamide buccal component units, acrylic acid derivative component units, and crosslinkable monomer component units is used as artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation, the above-mentioned conventional We have discovered that this method is significantly superior in water retention, root retention, air retention, ornamental quality, etc., and have arrived at the present invention.

That is, the present invention provides at least one (meth)acrylic acid derivative component unit selected from the group consisting of (a) (meth)acrylamide forward component unit, (h) (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, and ( C) An artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation comprising a water-swellable gel-like polymer formed from a crosslinkable monomer component unit.

The polymer used in the artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention is (
It is a water-swellable gel-like polymer formed from a (meth)acrylamide component unit (a), a (meth)acrylic acid derivative component unit (bl, and a crosslinkable fil polymer component unit (C). ) Acrylamide cheek component unit ta+
is acrylamide, methacrylamide or an N-alkyl substituted product thereof, specifically acrylamide, ivy IS, N-methylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N.

Examples include N-dimethylmethacrylamide. Behind these (meth)acrylamide component units, acrylamide or methacrylamide component units are particularly preferred. In addition, (meth)acrylic acid derivative component unit (bl is at least one type selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, specifically acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, lithium acrylate, methacrylic acid Alkali metal salts of (meth)acrylic acid such as lithium, sodium acrylate, sodium methacrylate, potassium acrylate, and sodium methacrylate; meth)alkaline earth metal salts of acrylic acid,
Examples include ammonium salts of (meth)acrylic acid such as ammonium acrylate and ammonium methacrylate. Further, specific examples of crosslinkable monomer component units include N, N'-methylene his(meth)acrylamide, N, N'-ethylene bis(meth)acrylamide, N, N, propylene bis(meth)acrylamide, N
.

N'-hexamethylene bis(meth)acrylamide, N
, bis(meth)acrylamides such as N-phenylene bis(meth)acrylamide, bis(meth)acrylates such as ethylene bis(meth)acrylate, propylene bis(meth)acrylate, hexamethylene bis(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol bis (meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol bis(meth)
Examples include acrylate and polyethylene glycol bis(meth)acrylate, and a mixture of two or more components is also acceptable. Among these crosslinkable monomer component units, N and methylene bis(meth)acrylamide component units are particularly preferred.

The water-swellable gel polymer has (meth)acrylic acid derivative component unit (a), (meth)acrylic M derivative component 11th position (
It may be a crosslinked copolymer produced by directly copolymerizing a mixed component consisting of bl and crosslinkable monomer component units tc+, or it may be a crosslinked copolymer produced by directly copolymerizing a mixed component consisting of (meth)acrylamide 1 to buccal component units (al and crosslinkable monomer component units). (meth)acrylamides component unit ta+ by partially hydrolyzing or unifining a crosslinked copolymer consisting of monomer component unit fcl
It may also be a crosslinked copolymer produced by converting a part of (meth)acrylic acid derivative component units (
In addition, by reacting a crosslinked copolymer consisting of (meth)acrylamides component units (al, (meth)acrylic acid component units (b), and crosslinkable monomer component units (C) with a base, (meth)acrylic Acid component unit tb+ (meta)
It may also be a crosslinked copolymer produced by converting it into acrylate component units. Bases used for saponification or neutralization include alkali metal basic compounds such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, or ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, 1-lymethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, Examples include amines such as propylamine, dipropylamine, benzylamine, and α-methylbenzylamine.

In addition, the swellable gel polymer contains essential constituents other than the (meth)acrylamide component unit (a), (meth)acrylic acid derivative component unit (b), and crosslinkable vehicle component unit tCl. If necessary, copolymerizable unsaturated monomer component units (d+ may be copolymerized. Examples of the copolymerizable unsaturated monomer component units include methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, , vinyl acetate, and ordinary unsaturated Ii-mers such as styrene.

The composition of the essential constituents constituting the water-swellable gel-like 1F aggregate is such that the (meth)acrylamide component unit (al is usually in the range of 40 to 99 mol%, preferably 60 to 99 mol%); ) The acrylic acid derivative component unit (1)) is usually in the range of 1 to 60 mol%, preferably 1 to 40 mol%. The density of the water-swellable gel polymer in a dry state (density of 4) dried at 60° C. for 48 hours) is usually 1.1 to 1.8 g/cn+,
The degree of swelling of the water-swellable gel polymer in water at 24° C. is preferably in the range of 1.2 to 1.6 g/ad, and the swelling degree of the water-swellable gel polymer in water at 24° C. The ratio is usually in the range of 3 to 5000, preferably 8 to 3ooo. The density and swelling dust of the dried polymer were measured using the following method.

(1) Density: constant weight (h) of dried polymer at 25 m
The samples were collected in a pycnometer. The vicinometer containing the polymer was then placed in a constant temperature bath at 24°C and filled with toluene at 24°C.

Tolué required for this Calculate the toluene volume (V) from the weight of It was calculated using the following formula.

(2) Swelling degree: A certain weight (W+g) of the dried polymer was collected and immersed in water at 724 degrees for 24 hours to sufficiently swell the polymer. Thereafter, excess water was removed, and the weight of the swellable gel material (Wzg) was measured and calculated using the following formula.

W2-W (degree of swelling (24°C)---m=W+ In order to impart anti-algae properties, anti-fog properties or coloring properties to the artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention, the water It is also possible to adopt a method in which an algaecide, an antifungal agent, or a coloring agent is blended into the swellable gel polymer. It is also possible to adopt a method of copolymerizing an algae-proofing unsaturated group component unit such as a bond-containing tin compound, a mold-proofing unsaturated ffi-mer component unit, and a coloring unsaturated monomer component unit. It is also possible to adopt a method in which the water-swellable gel polymer is given the above-mentioned function by reacting with an anti-algae component, an anti-mold component, or a coloring component.

The water-swellable gel polymer used as the artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention can be used in various shapes. for example,
It can be used in shapes such as powder, granules, cubes, cylinders, columns, cubes, and rectangular parallelepipeds. The average particle size of these water-swellable gel polymers is usually 0.1 to 200 mm, preferably 1 to 50 mm in average length.
It is.

The artificial soil for water jJl cultivation of the present invention is used in a swollen state in water, and if necessary, antifungal agents, antialgal agents, and fertilizer components such as Hoagland's solution may be dissolved in the water. can. Further, in some cases, it may be possible to dissolve a coloring agent in order to enhance the ornamental effect. Into the artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention, grown plants can be transplanted, seedlings can be transplanted, and seeds can be sown.

The artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention has excellent transparency, air preservation, water retention, and root retention, so it is suitable for ornamental cultivation, and since the growth status of roots can be observed, it can also be used for experimental cultivation. Are suitable. For these uses, it is suitable to cultivate in transparent bottles or containers made of glass, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate-1, polyolefin, or the like.

Next, the present invention will be specifically explained using examples.

Examples 1 to 9 A liquid fertilizer prepared by diluting pellets of a crosslinked copolymer consisting of (meth)acrylic component units, (meth)acrylic acid derivative component units, and crosslinkable units having the composition shown in Table 1 (
Transparent water-swellable gel-like polymer cylindrical pellets (7 mm in diameter, A length of 7 mm) was obtained. The cylindrical pellets of the water-swellable gel-like polymer were 7 cm in diameter and 10 cm in depth.
Artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation was prepared by filling three transparent glass containers with a diameter of 1.5 m.

Begonia,
Seedlings of Saintpaulia and Orizuru strawberry about 10 cm in length were transplanted, placed in a room with sunlight, and cultivated for ornamental purposes while supplemented with a dilute aqueous solution of liquid fertilizer. The nuclide plants artificially cultivated at 1 m were still growing smoothly after 4 months, and the growth of the roots could be observed well. The growth status is shown in Table 1.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1,1(al(meth)acrylamide component tlλ
(b) at least one (meth)acrylic acid derivative component unit selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, and (C1 crosslinkable monomer component unit). Artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation made of a gel-like polymer.