JPS602912B2 - Wind sorting device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for sorting grain and other particulate matter by wind power.

Conventionally, devices have already been widely used that sort objects by applying a cross wind to falling objects that have been accelerated to a predetermined speed.
Merely applying a cross wind has poor sorting performance, and various improvements have been proposed to address this problem.

For example, Japanese Patent No. 125502 proposes a sorting method using an upward airflow caused by intake air instead of a crosswind, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 117237/1989 proposes a method using strong wind. However, with the conventional apparatus as described above, although it was possible to sort out items with large differences in specific gravity and volume, it was impossible to sort out items with small differences. For example, when sorting grains, items with low specific gravity such as algae debris, items with high specific gravity such as pebbles, sand, and minute metal pieces, and items with small volume such as sand grains and dead rice must be sorted. Although this method was easy to use, it had the disadvantage that the sorting accuracy was very poor in the case of saddle particles, which had almost no difference in specific gravity or volume from regular particles. The present invention eliminates these drawbacks and
The purpose of this invention is to provide a wind sorting device with extremely good sorting performance.

The technical means of the present invention includes an acceleration zone in which the objects to be sorted fall naturally, and a wind selection zone located below the acceleration zone,
The acceleration zone is formed by providing a hollow acceleration cylinder in a substantially upright shape,
A fall adjustment device is attached to the upper end of this accelerating cylinder to keep the initial velocity of the material to be sorted constant, and the lower end of the accelerating cylinder is connected to the wind selection area, so that air flows from the wind selection area into the accelerating cylinder. In addition, an air outlet is formed in the upper side wall of the accelerating tube, and a blower device is installed in the wind sorting area to blow air from the side onto the falling objects to be sorted. It lies in being.

Therefore, in the wind sorting device of the present invention, each particle of the object to be sorted is subjected to air resistance while falling through the acceleration zone, and a speed difference occurs in the falling speed of each particle due to the difference in specific gravity and volume. In this state, they enter the wind-selecting area and undergo wind-selecting action, and as a result, the sorting accuracy improves.

Furthermore, in the acceleration zone, the lower end of the acceleration tube connects to the wind selection zone, and an air outlet is provided at the top of the acceleration tube, so that one part of the air from the blower installed in the wind selection zone is removed. The air flows in from the lower end of the acceleration node and flows out from the upper part, creating an upward airflow inside the acceleration tube. Therefore, while the particles of the object to be sorted fall through the acceleration zone, they are subjected to more air resistance than when falling in still air due to the influence of this upward air current, and the speed difference of the abnormal particles becomes even larger, further improving the sorting accuracy. improves. Furthermore, since particles fall at a high speed in the wind speed area, it is possible to carry out wind selection using strong winds, which also improves the sorting accuracy. -Furthermore, when falling, the density between each particle is low, so the airflow efficiency is good. In addition, the particles to be sorted are kept at a constant initial velocity by a drop adjustment device, and are allowed to fall at a low flow rate that does not adversely affect the sorting, so when they reach the wind speed area, there is a large gap between the particles in the vertical direction. , particles above and below falling on the same trajectory rarely collide due to the difference in speed, and the sorting accuracy is not reduced. Embodiments of the wind sorting device of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

A storage hopper is provided at the top of the device body.
An appropriate amount of material A to be sorted, such as grain, sent by a conveyor or the like is stored. A drop adjustment device 3 is attached to the drop 02 of this storage hopper, and is adjusted so that the initial velocity of each particle of the material to be sorted falling from the drop port 2 is uniform. In the embodiment, as the fall adjustment device 3, one side wall of the hopper is used as a movable plate 4, the upper end of the movable plate 4 is rotatably supported by a support shaft 5, and a weight 6 is attached to the lower end of the movable plate 4. something is being used. Therefore, when more than a predetermined amount of material to be sorted is stored in the storage hopper 1, the movable plate 4 rotates due to the weight of the material to be sorted and opens the drop port 2, but the amount of material stored in the storage hopper 1 When the amount decreases, the drop opening 2 is automatically closed by the action of the dowel 6. This is because if the drop port 2 is left open when the hopper 1 is empty, particles of the material to be sorted supplied from the conveyor will fall from the drop port 2 all at once without stopping on the hopper. This is because the initial velocity when passing through the drop port 2 becomes uneven. For this reason, a predetermined amount or more of the material to be sorted is always stored in the hopper 1, the material to be sorted sent from the conveyor is temporarily stopped, and then it is allowed to fall again from the drop port 2, and the initial velocity is adjusted to a constant value. That's what I do. Further, the weight 6 is movably attached to the fixed punch 7, so that the pressure on the closing side acting on the movable plate 4 can be adjusted. Further, the drop port 2 is formed into an elongated rectangular shape, and the objects to be sorted that fall from the drop port 2 fall as a band-shaped layer with a wide width and a thin thickness. An acceleration tube 8 is installed vertically below the drop port 2, and the particles that have passed through the drop port 2 naturally fall within the acceleration tube 8, and when they pass through the lower end exit 9 of the acceleration tube 8, they drop considerably. being accelerated to speed. However, the speed of each particle when passing through this lower end outlet 9 is not the same, and each particle is subject to air resistance when falling inside the acceleration tube 8, and this air resistance differs depending on the specific gravity and shape of each particle. , the passing speed also differs depending on the type of particle. In addition, it is preferable that the vertical length of the acceleration tube 8 is two or more threads. A blower bag 10 is reinstalled on the side of the position where the objects to be sorted that have passed through the acceleration tube 8 fall, and a cross wind is applied from this blower device 10 to the objects to be sorted while they are falling. In the embodiment, cross-flow fans that are long in the width direction are provided as the blower in two stages, upper and lower. 11 is a guide vane, 1
Reference numeral 2 denotes an airflow adjustment plate, which plays the role of rectifying the air blown from the cross-flow fan so that it hits the objects to be sorted parallel and evenly.

A recovery hopper group 13 is provided at the point where the particles to be sorted, which are exposed to the cross winds of the air blower 1, fall.

The collection hopper group 13 is installed with the number, shape, position, etc. of the collection hoppers set as appropriate depending on the type of objects to be sorted. Since the embodiment is mainly used for grain sorting, the collection hopper 14 for pebbles, etc., the collection hopper 15 for grain regular particles, and the collection hopper 16 for irregular grain particles are placed close to directly below the acceleration cylinder 8. They are placed adjacent to each other in order starting with the hawk. Further, a sorting control valve 17 is attached to the boundary of each collection hopper, so that the falling position of the particles to be collected into each hopper can be finely adjusted. The main body of the device is covered by a substantially retractable case 18 with a part open, and the blower device 1
The wind blown from zero is approximately circulated within the case.

However, an intake port 19 and an exhaust port 20 are formed at the bottom of the case 18, and a blower 21 is attached to these two exhaust ports to blow some of the air inside the case to light dust. It is also discharged from the case. In addition, in the embodiment, one side wall surface of the upper part of the accelerating tube 8 is made of silk 22, and the air inside the accelerating tube 8 is sucked from there by the suction force of the air blower 10. A weak upward air current is generated upward from the lower end outlet 9. Next, the sorting action of the wind sorting device of the present invention will be explained.

When the material to be sorted A is supplied to the storage hopper 1 and the stored amount exceeds a certain level, the drop port 2 closes due to the weight of the material to be sorted, and the particles of the material to be sorted fall from the drop port 2 at a constant initial velocity. Begin to. Each particle naturally falls inside the accelerating cylinder 8 due to its gravity, but during this falling, each particle is subjected to resistance due to the air present in the accelerating node 8. However, the air resistance at this time varies depending on the difference in the weight per surface area of each particle, that is, the specific gravity of the particles, and the difference in shape such as size. For this reason,
The falling speed of the particles when passing through the lower end opening 9 of the accelerating tube 8 varies depending on the specific gravity, shape, etc. of the particles. For example, in the case of sorting grains, among the impurities mixed in grains, those with a high specific gravity such as small grains and metal pieces have a large weight per surface area and are not affected by air resistance. It is difficult to receive particles and passes through the lower end checkpoint 9 at a higher speed than regular particles of grain,
On the other hand, items with low specific gravity such as straw waste, or items with a small shape such as crushed grains, have a small weight per surface area, so they are greatly affected by air resistance and have a lower speed than grain particles. In addition, the shape of irregular particles is almost the same as that of regular particles, and irregular particles such as boiled rice and dead rice have a slightly smaller specific gravity than regular particles, so the speed becomes slower. As described above, when passing through the accelerating cylinder 8, each particle of the material to be sorted has a speed difference due to differences in its specific gravity, shape, etc. 10
It will be subject to the wind selection effect due to crosswinds from the wind. In the blower device 10, the air inside the case is super-ventilated by the rotation of the fan, and this wind is rectified by the guide vanes 11 and the airflow adjustment plate 12, and becomes a substantially uniform and parallel wind over the entire surface, and the falling sorted objects are A crosswind blows against the particles from a direction perpendicular to the direction in which they fall. As a result, each falling particle of the material to be sorted is affected by the crosswind and no longer falls vertically. The effects of crosswinds here vary depending on the specific gravity and shape of each particle, as well as differences in the falling speed of the particles. In other words, objects with a large specific gravity such as pebbles are not easily affected by crosswinds, and as mentioned above, because they are falling at high speed, they have less time to pass through the area where they are exposed to crosswinds, so they are even more affected by the wind. As a result, the particles fall approximately vertically to a position close to the lower end entrance 9 of the accelerating cylinder 8, and enter the collection hopper 14 for pebbles and the like. In addition, regular particles of grain have a lower specific gravity than pebbles, etc., and the falling speed is slower than pebbles, so it takes a longer time to pass through the wind selection area, so they are more affected by crosswinds than pebbles, etc. It falls to a position a little away from the position directly below and enters the collection hopper 15. Furthermore, irregular particles such as dead rice, immature rice, and broken rice have a smaller specific gravity or shape than regular particles, and also fall at a slower speed, so they are more affected by crosswinds and fall much further away than directly below the Sekiguchi. , enters the recovery hopper 16. In addition, very well-organized items such as medicinal calendars are more strongly affected by the crosswind, and are almost blown away by the wind, and as the crosswind hits the inner wall and circulates inside the case, it moves and eventually It does not enter the collection hopper and falls to the bottom of the case, and is discharged out of the case on the flow of air from the intake □ 19 to the exhaust port 20 caused by the air taken in by the blower 21 at the bottom of the case. Furthermore, since the falling particles to be sorted are accelerated by the accelerating cylinder 8, the following effect also occurs.

That is, since the particles to be sorted pass through the wind sorting area at a higher speed than in the conventional case, it becomes possible to use a stronger cross wind (for example, 5 to 29 h/sec) than the secondary wind. This exposes objects passing at high speed to strong cross winds, and as a result, the influence of the grain wind increases, making the sorting performance much better than the conventional method. Furthermore, since each particle of the material to be sorted passes through the wind separation area at a higher speed than before, the density between the particles during passage is lower, the gaps between particles are increased, and cross winds are more likely to hit the particles, which improves the sorting performance. and the quantitative selection ability is improved. Furthermore, since the particles to be sorted are accelerated within the acceleration node 8, each particle adjusts its falling posture due to this acceleration, and when passing through the wind speed area, the direction of each particle is constant, and it is susceptible to the wind. Since the position is adjusted, the wind selection performance improves. As described above, in the present invention, various remarkable effects occur due to the provision of the accelerating cylinder, and these effects act in a mutually beneficial manner, making it possible to perform highly accurate sorting operations that are impossible with conventional devices. It became.

In addition, in the above-mentioned Hishitaka, the entire body is loosened by the case 18, and the air is circulated within the case, so that the dust does not scatter to the outside, and the dust settles to the bottom by the blower 21 from the bottom of the case. The bonito dust can be discharged to the outside of the case along with a portion (approximately 10%) of the air inside the case.
Furthermore, as shown in the illustrated example, the upper part of the accelerating tube 8 can be made of silk 22 to generate an upward airflow inside the accelerating tube 8, thereby further increasing the air resistance within the accelerating tube 8 and improving the sorting performance. . In summary, in the present invention, the particles of the object to be sorted are allowed to naturally fall in an updraft before wind separation, and a speed difference is created for each type of particle. Since each particle is subjected to wind selection by applying a cross wind, the sorting performance during wind selection is improved and each particle can be sorted with high precision.

In addition, the structure of the device is relatively simple, and it is of 4 types.
In addition to being easy to manufacture and hem, there are no vibrating parts, so
It has beneficial effects such as fewer breakdowns and quieter operation.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawing is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the wind sorting device of the present invention. 1...Storage hover, 2...Drop opening, 3.
...Drop adjustment device, 8...Acceleration tube, 9...
...Lower end outlet, 10...Blower device, 13...
...Recovery hopper group, 17...Sorting control valve, 1
8... Case, 21... Floor 1, 2
2...net, P...acceleration area, R...
・Wind selection area.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 It has an acceleration zone in which the objects to be sorted fall naturally and a wind selection zone located below the acceleration zone, and the acceleration zone is formed by installing a hollow acceleration tube in a substantially upright shape, and A fall adjustment device is installed to keep the initial velocity of the material to be sorted constant, and the lower end of the accelerating cylinder is opened into the wind selection area, allowing air to flow into the accelerating cylinder from the wind selection area. In addition, an air outlet is formed in the upper side wall of the accelerating cylinder, and the wind sorting area is equipped with a blower device to apply wind to the falling objects to be sorted from the side.